Illness and injury of travellers abroad: Finnish nationwide data from 2010 to 2012, with incidences in various regions of the world.

The number of international tourist arrivals reached 1,000 million in 2012. Assessment of travellers' health problems has relied on proportionate morbidity data.Given the lack of data on number of visitors to each region, incidences have been impossible to calculate.This study, largest yet reporting travellers' health problems, is the first to present incidence of illness and injury. Data on Finnish travellers with health problems abroad during 2010 to 2012 were retrieved from the database of an assistance organisation,SOS International, covering 95% of those requiring aid abroad. The numbers were compared with those of Finnish travellers in the database of the Official Statistics of Finland. The SOS International database included 50,710 cases: infections constituted the most common health problem (60%), followed by injuries(14%), diseases of skin (5%), musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (5%), digestive tract (3%),and vascular system (2%). Gastroenteritis (23%) and respiratory infections (21%) proved the most frequent diagnoses. Overall incidence of illness or injury was high in Africa (97.9/100,000 travel days; 95% Bayesian credible interval (BCI): 53.1­145.5), southern Europe plus the eastern Mediterranean (92.3; 95% BCI: 75.4­110.1) and Asia (65.0; 95% BCI: 41.5­87.9). The data show significant differences between geographical regions, indicating the main risks and thus providing destination-specific tools for travelers' healthcare.

European cluster of imported falciparum malaria from Gambia.

A cluster of 56 patients returning from Gambia with falciparum malaria has been noted in several countries of the European Union since September this year. TropNetEurop, the European Network on Imported Infectious Disease Surveillance, collected and reported the cases. Lack of awareness and, consequently, of prophylactic measures against malaria were apparent in the majority of patients.

Cluster of imported malaria from Gambia in Finland--travellers do not listen to given advice.

Twelve Finnish tourists contracted falciparum malaria from Gambia in the period between 3 and 27 November 2008. None of them had used adequate malaria chemoprophylaxis.

A curriculum for training healthcare workers in the management of highly infectious diseases.

The SARS epidemic, the threat of bioterrorism, and recent examples of imported highly infectious diseases (HID) in Europe have all highlighted the importance of competent clinical and public health management of infectious disease emergencies. Although the European Union of Medical Specialists in Europe and the Infectious Diseases Society of America have developed curricula for training in infectious disease medicine, neither of those mentions training in the management of HIDs. The European Network for Infectious Diseases (EUNID, http://www.eunid.com) is a European Commission co-funded network of experts in HID management, created to help improve the preparedness for HID emergencies within Europe. One of EUNID's agreed tasks is the development of a curriculum for such a training. Between April 2005 and September 2006, EUNID developed a curriculum and accompanying training course on the basis of a questionnaire that was sent to all country representatives and discussion, followed by amendment of drafts shared through the project website, and a final consensus meeting. The resulting curriculum consists of a two-module course covering the core knowledge and skills that healthcare workers need to safely treat a patient who has, or who may have, an HID. The first module introduces theoretical aspects of HID management, including disease-specific knowledge, infection control, and the public health response, through didactic teaching and class-based discussion. The second module involves a "skill station" and a clinical scenario, and equips trainees with relevant practical skills, including the use of specialised equipment and teamwork practice in patient management. Together, the curriculum and course contribute to the creation of a common framework for training healthcare professionals in Europe, and although they are designed primarily for clinicians that are directly involved in patient care, they are relevant also to public health professionals and others who may be involved in HID management and emergency response.

Epidemiology and clinical features of vivax malaria imported to Europe: sentinel surveillance data from TropNetEurop.

BACKGROUND: Plasmodium vivax is the second most common species among malaria patients diagnosed in Europe, but epidemiological and clinical data on imported P. vivax malaria are limited. The TropNetEurop surveillance network has monitored the importation of vivax malaria into Europe since 1999. OBJECTIVES: To present epidemiological and clinical data on imported P. vivax malaria collected at European level. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data of primary cases of P. vivax malaria reported between January 1999 and September 2003 were analysed, focusing on disease frequency, patient characteristics, place of infection, course of disease, treatment and differences between network-member countries. RESULTS: Within the surveillance period 4,801 cases of imported malaria were reported. 618 (12.9%) were attributed to P. vivax. European travellers and immigrants were the largest patient groups, but their proportion varied among the reporting countries. The main regions of infection in descending order were the Indian subcontinent, Indonesia, South America and Western and Eastern Africa, as a group accounting for more than 60% of the cases. Regular use of malaria chemoprophylaxis was reported by 118 patients. With 86 (inter-quartile range 41-158) versus 31 days (inter-quartile range 4-133) the median symptom onset was significantly delayed in patients with chemoprophylaxis (p < 0.0001). Common complaints were fever, headache, fatigue, and musculo-skeletal symptoms. All patients survived and severe clinical complications were rare. Hospitalization was provided for 60% and primaquine treatment administered to 83.8% of the patients, but frequencies varied strongly among reporting countries. CONCLUSIONS: TropNetEurop data can contribute to the harmonization of European treatment policies.

Provocation of ventricular tachycardia by antimalarial drug halofantrine in congenital long QT syndrome.

This report deals with two patients who suffered sustained episodes of torsade de pointes ventricular tachycardia while using the novel antimalarial drug halofantrine. Both patients had congenital long QT syndrome, and their QT interval was further prolonged at the time of the event. This first electrocardiographic documentation of ventricular arrhythmias together with halofantrine's known prolonging effect on the QT interval demonstrates that the drug has the potential to induce life-threatening arrhythmias.