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1.
La Lettre Médicale du Congo ; 9: 10-23, 2020. ilus
Artigo em Francês | AIM (África) | ID: biblio-1264693

RESUMO

Les auteurs rapportent des cas de malformations fœtales congénitales colligés au laboratoire d'histologie­embryologie de la faculté des sciences de la santé de Brazzaville. L'objectif de cette étude est de rapporter tous les cas colligés. L'impact des malformations fœtales congénitales(MFC) au Congo Brazzaville a déjà été souligné dans des publications précédentes et sont ici rappelés. Les MFC représentent environ 5,09% des hospitalisations dans le service de néonatologie du CHU de Brazzaville. Le taux de létalité y est de 59,3%. Ces malformations graves n'ont pu être dépistées au stade anténatal par manque de diagnostic prénatal comme cela se fait actuellement en occident dans les centres pluridisciplinaires de diagnostic anténatal. Le dépistage anténatal est possible, en associant l'échographie an;ténatale systématique à respectivement 12, 22 et 32 semaines d'aménorrhées (SA) à d'autres paramètres : marqueurs sériques, âge des parents, caryotype fœtal et bilan infectieux. Les principales causes des MFC sont variables : génétiques (anomalies chromosomiques, syndromes polymalformatifs), infectieuses (toxoplasmose, rubéole, CMV), médicamenteuses (nitrofurantoïne, sulfonamides), environnementales (radioactivité, exposition à un toxique, pesticide), carences alimentaires (déficit en acide folique, avitaminose). Matériels et méthode : des fœtus dont les malformations ont été découvertes à la naissance dans diverses maternités de Brazzaville, ont été colligés dans cette étude rétrospective observationnelle descriptive. Ils ont été mesurés et pesés. Résultats : 1 cas de jumeaux conjoints dicéphales sysomiens thoracodymes, 4 cas de fœtus simples : arhinencephalie (ectrorhinie). + Omphalocèle, pleurosomie, cyclocéphalie, sirénomélie. Leur poids moyen à la naissance était de 2,650 Kg. Conclusion : Les malformations fœtales congénitales sont des pathologies qui présentent un intérêt aussi bien par leur fréquence, que par leur lourdeur médicale et le devenir de l'enfant. La majorité d'entre elles sont diagnosticables au 2ème trimestre de grossesses et sont souvent en rapport avec des anomalies chromosomiques. Le pourcentage non négligeable des MFC


Assuntos
Doenças e Anormalidades Congênitas, Hereditárias e Neonatais , Congo , Mortalidade Fetal , Feto , Gestantes , Ultrassonografia Pré-Natal
2.
J Fr Ophtalmol ; 29(3): 281-8, 2006 Mar.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16557172

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The aim of our study was to determine the occurrence of different orbital diseases. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors report the results of a retrospective survey of 704 patients examined over 9 years, from January 1981 to December 1989. We used J. Rootman's physiopathologic classification. The inclusion criteria included clinical examination, essential paraclinical explorations, and X-rays. Data frequencies and homogeneity were analyzed with the chi 2 test. RESULTS: Orbital diseases made up 7.04+/-0.02% of the eye pathologies found. A male prevalence was noted (p<0.05). The distribution according to age groups was characterized by a bimodal curve with a peak at very early childhood and another at the 30s and 40s (p<0.05). Etiologies were as follows: inflammatory diseases and exophthalmia (61.7%), trauma and structural lesions (24.7%), degenerative diseases (3.7%), tumors (3.7%), and blood and vascular diseases (2.4%). Inflammations and orbital injuries occur more often among men and exophthalmia among women (p<0.05). According to age, inflammations, injuries, degenerative diseases, and malformations occur between 0 and 20 years, and inflammations, degenerative diseases, injuries, and tumors occur with greater frequency after 20 years (p<0.05). DISCUSSION: Inflammations, injuries, and tumors are the principal diseases of the orbit diagnosed. The different occurrences of tumors and specific inflammations observed in this study are related to the inadequate means of complementary examinations and the difficult access to health care centers in African countries.


Assuntos
Doenças Orbitárias/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Congo , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos
3.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot ; 90(2): 120-3, 1997.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9289250

RESUMO

About 2593 post-coïtal tests (PCT) or Hühner direct tests were realised in the laboratory of clinical cytology, cytogenetics and reproductive biology of the University medical Centre of Dakar, Senegal from 1983 to 1993. Analysing the results, the authors showed the importance of the infectious factor in women and also the role of male deficiency in conjugal sterility in black African environment. These realities have been confirmed cytospermiologic test deficient results. These sperm exams have shown among other things, the prevailing number of azoospermia (25%) and of oligo-asthénotératozoospermia (44%) in husbands of sterile women in the black African environment of Senegal. Pap's Tests have been jointly realised at the same time as 1902 PCT. The results have enabled us to track down 120 cervix with precancerous and cancerous cell alterations; 81 condylomas (HPV), 25 CIN1, 11 CIN2 and 3 CIN3 (CIN: cervical intra-epithelial Neoplasia). These facts suggest a cautious technics, and a prudent interpretation of the results and taking into account the competence and the subjectivity of the practitioner. We have learnt from the study that we must give as much as possible to biologists of Reproduction in southern countries, where conjugal sterility and cervix precancerous and cancerous cell alterations are high, a polyvalent training so that they can practise jointly the post-coïtal or Hühner direct test (PCT) and the Papanicolaou Colpocytologic Test (TP), provided that one owes a microscope.


Assuntos
Coito , Infertilidade Feminina/diagnóstico , Infertilidade Masculina/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , População Negra , Muco do Colo Uterino , Competência Clínica , Condiloma Acuminado/diagnóstico , Feminino , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Genitais Femininos/microbiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Oligospermia/diagnóstico , Teste de Papanicolaou , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/diagnóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Senegal , Contagem de Espermatozoides , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico , Esfregaço Vaginal , Displasia do Colo do Útero/diagnóstico
4.
Sante et Armees ; : 99-1994.
Artigo em Francês | AIM (África) | ID: biblio-1271794

RESUMO

Au cours de la periode allant de 1985 a 1987; 255 couples ont consulte pour sterilite. Plus de 30 pour cent d'entre eux ont ete suivis regulierement. Les resultats obtenus ont montre que la femme etait seule responsable de la sterilite dans 54 pour cent des cas; et l'homme dans 30 pour cent des cas. Le role de l'infection est predominant puisque plus de 90 pour cent des sterilites masculines ou feminines sont d'origine infectieuse. Cette infection a ete contactee au decours d'une interruption volontaire de grossesse pratiquee le plus souvent dans des conditions socio-sanitaires precaires; en dehors de toute couverture hospitaliere; mais aussi liee aux maladies a transmissions sexuelles. Le but vise par les auteurs est de rechercher les facteurs etio-epidemiologiques de la sterilite de couple en attirant particulierement l'attention sur l'importance de la prophylaxie contre les maladies a transmission sexuelle; et sur les dangers de l'avortement provoque ou interruption volontaire de grossesse


Assuntos
Aborto , Infertilidade/epidemiologia , Infertilidade/etiologia , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis
5.
Sante et Armees ; : 100-1994.
Artigo em Francês | AIM (África) | ID: biblio-1271796

RESUMO

Les auteurs rapportent 250 cas d'avortements provoques recenses de 1985 a 1987 dans le service de Gyneco-Obstetrique de l'Hopital Central des Armees Pierre MOBENGO. Ils ont selectionne 668 cas d'avortement dont 418 spontanes et 250 provoques clandestins; seuls ces derniers ont fait l'objet de cette enquete. Celle-ci concerne l'avortement clandestin pratique par un personnel non medical; mais aussi par des infirmiers et malheureusement quelques mededecins inexperimentes et les patientes elles-memes. Les statistiques hospitalieres ne semblent pas du tout refleter la realite; car de nombreux cas d'avortements provoques n'ont pas ete declares comme tels a cause des poursuites civiles et judiciaires possibles. L'analyse de la situation des patientes admises pour ce motif rapporte les resultats suivants: Les avortements clandestins constituent un motif de consultaion a l'Hopital Central des Armees; et representent le quart des hospitalisations du service de Gynecologie; les tranches d'age les plus concernees sont celles comprises entre 19 et 23 ans et de 24 et 28 ans; les moyens abortifs utilises par la majorite des patientes sont mecaniques et medicamentaux. la guerison se fait aux prix de nombreuses sequelles psycho-organiques: la moitie de ces patientes consultent ulterieurement pour sterilite secondaire; troubles du cycle; et troubles de la personnalite


Assuntos
Aborto , Aborto/complicações
6.
Tissue Antigens ; 34(2): 90-6, 1989 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2609327

RESUMO

Vasectomized men with sperm auto-antibodies (S.A.A.) and high frequency of HLA-A20 antigen (Ag) were observed by Law et al. (1979); Hancock et al. (1983) observed the prevalence of HLA-A28 in infertile men with S.A.A. HLA-A, B and DR Ag were determined in a population of 80 Caucasian infertile men with (n = 22) or without (n = 58) agglutinating and/or cytotoxic S.A.A. in serum (S) and/or seminal plasma (SP), and the association between HLA-determinants and infertility with S.A.A. was investigated. The frequence of HLA-A28 Ag was found higher in the group with S.A.A. than without (18.2% vs 0.0%) but not statistically significant (chi 2 = 8.87; pc less than 0.15). The same result was obtained with HLA-B13 Ag (chi 2 = 8.87; pc less than 0.32). Lastly, there was no prevalence of HLA-DR Ag in men with S.A.A. In conclusion, no association was found between HLA-A, B and DR Ag and infertility with S.A.A. Nevertheless, two HLA-Ag were more frequently observed in the group with S.A.A.


Assuntos
Autoanticorpos/imunologia , Antígenos HLA/imunologia , Infertilidade Masculina/imunologia , Espermatozoides/imunologia , Adulto , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe I/imunologia , Antígenos de Histocompatibilidade Classe II/imunologia , Humanos , Masculino , Espermatozoides/patologia
7.
Contracept Fertil Sex (Paris) ; 15(1): 39-44, 1987 Jan.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12315160

RESUMO

PIP: The authors carried out a retrospective study of 162 cases of male infertility explored in a hospital unit in Lyon, France. Assays of 1 -alpha-1,4-glucosidase (epididymal function marker) backed up by clinical findings were used to select 3 types of epididymal malfunction. 1) There was complete obliteration of the epididymal duct, resulting in azoospermia. This diagnosis was based on both testicular biopsy findings, demonstrating unimpaired spermatogenesis and on the dramatically reduced level of assayed activity ( 40 mIU/ejaculation), as well as on clinical findings. 2) There was anamalous epididymal function combined with moderate oligoasthenozoospermia or normospermia. In these cases, low levels of assayed activity do not parallel fairly high sperm counts (between 20-30 million spermatozoal/ml). 3) There were those cases which were difficult to interpret and which involved severe oligoasthenozoospermia ( 5 million/ml) and reduced level of epididymal marker, suggesting partial blockage of the epididymis due to a focus of infection. Varicoceles were found more frequently among the European population, whereas a history of genital infection was more frequent among the North African population. However, when the various types of abnormality in the spermatogram were related to patient history and epididymal abnormality, no differences were found between the 2 populations. (author's modified)^ieng


Assuntos
Coleta de Dados , Doença , Epididimo , Etnicidade , Genitália Masculina , Genitália , Infertilidade , Fisiologia , Pesquisa , Estudos Retrospectivos , Testículo , Sistema Urogenital , Biologia , Cultura , Demografia , Países Desenvolvidos , Europa (Continente) , França , População , Características da População , Reprodução
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