Mapeamento de competências essenciais à atuação de dirigentes sindicais / Mapping of main competencies required for union leadership activities / Mapeo de las competencias esenciales para actuar como dirigentes sindicales

Mapear competências profissionais tem se tornado uma temática cada vez mais relevante. Este estudo objetivou discutir o papel dos dirigentes sindicais a partir do mapeamento das competências essenciais para o exercício dessa atividade profissional. O método incluiu análise documental, além de 12 entrevistas em profundidade com dirigentes sindicais, trabalhadores e empresários filiados a sindicatos. Para aumentar a robustez, a análise de conteúdo categorial foi feita por três juízes independentes com adoção de dois critérios para a inclusão de competências: consistência (dois terços de concordância entre juízes); e relevância (citação mínima por três entrevistados). Os resultados apontam 26 competências consideradas centrais para dirigentes sindicais, com destaque para: interação com a categoria, conhecimento do negócio sindical e atitude voltada para o aperfeiçoamento contínuo. Destaca-se a falta de alinhamento dos discursos com as reflexões recentes acerca do sindicalismo, o que pode comprometer uma atuação mais eficaz dos sindicatos nas relações de trabalho.

Knowing the competencies required of professionals has become an increasingly relevant topic. This study aimed to discuss the role of union leaders based on the mapping of essential competencies for these professionals. The method included document analysis, in addition to12 in depth interviews with union leaders and union-affiliated workers and business people. To increase robustness, categorical content analysis was done by three independent experts. Two criteria were adopted for the inclusion of competencies: consistency (agreement of at least two thirds of the judges); and relevance (citation by at least three interviewees). The results point to 26 competencies considered essential for union leaders, with emphasis on: interaction with the category represented, understanding of union business, and attitude towards continuous improvement. It is worth noting the discourses' lack of alignment with recent reflections on trade unionism, which may compromise more effective action by unions in labor relations.

Mapear las competencias profesionales se ha convertido en un tema cada vez más relevante. Este estudio objetivó discutir el papel de los dirigentes sindicales a partir del mapeo de las competencias esenciales para la actuación de esa actividad profesional. El método incluye análisis documental y 12 entrevistas detalladas con dirigentes sindicales, trabajadores y empresarios filiados a sindicatos. Para aumentar la robustez, el análisis de contenido categorial fue realizado por tres jueces independientes, con adopción de dos criterios para la inclusión de competencias: consistencia (concordancia de dos tercios de los jueces); y relevancia (citación mínima de tres entrevistados). Los resultados muestran 26 competencias consideradas centrales, destacándose: la interacción con la categoría, conocimiento del negocio sindical y actitud direccionada hacia un perfeccionamiento continuado. Merece destaque la falta de alineamiento de los discursos con las reflexiones recientes acerca del sindicalismo, pudiendo esto perjudicar la actuación del sector en las relaciones de trabajo, haciéndolas menos eficaces.

Reproductive parameters of double transgenic zebrafish (Danio rerio) males overexpressing both the growth hormone (GH) and its receptor (GHR).

Growth hormone (GH) transgenesis presents a high potential application in aquaculture. However, excess GH may have serious consequences due to pleiotropic actions. In order to study these effects in zebrafish (Danio rerio), two transgenic lines were developed. The first expresses GH ubiquitously and constitutively (F0104 line), while the second expresses the GH receptor in a muscle-specific manner (Myo-GHR line). Results from the F0104 line showed accelerated growth but increased reproductive difficulties, while Myo-GHR did not show the expected increase in muscle mass. Since the two lines appeared to display complementary characteristics, a double transgenic (GH/GHR) was created via crossing between them. This double transgenic displayed accelerated growth, however reproductive parameters remained uncertain. The objective of the present study was to determine the reproductive capacity of males of this new line, by evaluating sperm parameters, expression of spermatogenesis-related genes, and reproductive tests. Double transgenics showed a strong recovery in almost all sperm parameters analyzed when compared to the F0104 line. Gene expression analyses revealed that Anti-Müllerian Hormone gene (amh) appeared to be primarily responsible for this recovery. Reproductive tests showed that double transgenic males did not differ from non-transgenics. It is possible that GHR excess in the muscle tissues of double transgenics may have contributed to lower circulating GH levels and thus reduced the negative effects of this hormone with respect to reproduction. Therefore, it is clear that GH-transgenesis technology should take into account the need to obtain adequate levels of circulating hormone in order to achieve maximum growth with minimal negative side effects.

Effects of Double Transgenesis of Somatotrophic Axis (GH/GHR) on Skeletal Muscle Growth of Zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Transgenic fish for growth hormone (GH) has been considered as a potential technological improvement in aquaculture. In this study, a double-transgenic zebrafish was used to evaluate the effect of GH and its receptor (GHR) on muscle growth. Double transgenics reached the same length of GH transgenic, but with significantly less weight, featuring an unbalanced growth. The condition factor of GH/GHR-transgenic fish was lower than the other genotypes. Histological analysis showed a decrease in the percentage of thick muscle fibers in GH/GHR genotype of ∼ 80% in comparison to GH-transgenic line. The analysis of gene expression showed a significant decrease in genes related to muscle growth in GH/GHR genotype. It seems that concomitant overexpression of GH and GHR resulted in a strong decrease of the somatotrophic axis intracellular signaling by diminishing its principal transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription 5.1 (STAT5.1).