Cactus species and tree forage hay in the diet of dairy goats.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of the association of Opuntia stricta (OS) or Nopalea cochenillifera (NC) with Moringa hay (MY) or Leucaena hay (LY) on nutrient intake, ingestive behavior, serum biochemistry, and milk production and composition of dairy goat. Eight multiparous Saanen goats were used, with an average of 68 ± 8 days in milk and 48.5 ± 6 kg of initial weight, fed with the following treatment diets: OS + MY; OS + LY; NC + MY, and NC + LY. The treatments were distributed in a double Latin square, in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme (two varieties of cactus and two of hay). Goats fed with NC had higher (P < 0.05) intakes of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and non-fibrous carbohydrates. There was no influence (P > 0.05) on milk production, but goats fed with OS produced milk with higher (P < 0.05) fat content and presented higher (P < 0.05) feed efficiency. There was no effect (P > 0.05) of the hay type on the nutrient intake and milk production and composition of goats, but the animals fed with MY had higher (P < 0.05) serum cholesterol levels and greater efficiency of NDF rumination. Goats fed with OS showed greater feeding and rumination efficiency. Our results indicated that both cactus species could be successfully included in the diet of low yielding dairy goats fed 18.4% concentrate.

Incidence of viral hepatitis in Brazil from 2009 to 2018: an epidemiological study of confirmed cases of viral hepatitis

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Viral hepatitis is a major public health problem. It is necessary to understand the epidemic, verifying the combination of biological and demographic characteristics. METHODS: This is an analytical ecological and epidemiological study. Confirmed case data from the Notification Disease Information System (SINAN) were used. RESULTS: From 2009-2018, SINAN confirmed 404,003 viral hepatitis cases in Brazil, with 12.49%, 37.06%, and 48.28% cases of hepatitis A, B, and C, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In Brazil, 4,296 deaths were associated with viral hepatitis, of which 36.66% were associated with acute hepatitis B. The proportional distribution of cases varied among the five Brazilian regions.

Incidence of viral hepatitis in Brazil from 2009 to 2018: an epidemiological study of confirmed cases of viral hepatitis.

INTRODUCTION: Viral hepatitis is a major public health problem. It is necessary to understand the epidemic, verifying the combination of biological and demographic characteristics. METHODS: This is an analytical ecological and epidemiological study. Confirmed case data from the Notification Disease Information System (SINAN) were used. RESULTS: From 2009-2018, SINAN confirmed 404,003 viral hepatitis cases in Brazil, with 12.49%, 37.06%, and 48.28% cases of hepatitis A, B, and C, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In Brazil, 4,296 deaths were associated with viral hepatitis, of which 36.66% were associated with acute hepatitis B. The proportional distribution of cases varied among the five Brazilian regions.

Conhecimento e atitude sobre diabetes mellitus de usuários idosos com a doença atendidos em unidade básica de saúde / Knowledge and attitude about diabetes mellitus of elderly with the disease attended at a basic health unit / Conocimiento y actitud sobre diabetes mellitus de ancianos con la enfermedad atendidos en una unidad básica de salud

Objetivo: Descrever o conhecimento e atitude dos portadores de Diabetes Mellitus do Programa Idoso da Unidade de Saúde de Marambaia, Belém-PA, acerca da própria doença. Método: estudo descritivo realizado com 50 idosos aplicando-lhes: formulário de dados sociodemográficos e de saúde; questionários, de origem holandesa: Diabetes Knowledge e Diabetes Attitude Questionnaire sobre DM, traduzidos e validados para o português do Brasil. Resultados: Dos idosos estudados, a maioria era de mulheres (72%); média de idade de 71 anos; escolaridade entre 1 e 4 anos (48%). A avaliação do conhecimento, com escore baixo obtido, representava conhecimento insuficiente para compreensão da doença e para práticas de autocuidado. Quanto à atitude, também obteve escore negativo indicando baixa aceitação da própria doença. Conclusão: A constatação de baixo nível de conhecimento e de atitude negativa em relação a DM, denota sério comprometimento dos idosos na adesão ao tratamento e elevação de taxas de complicação associada à DM.(AU)

Objective: To describe the knowledge and attitude of patients with Diabetes Mellitus of the Elderly Program of the Health Unit of Marambaia, Belém-PA, about the disease itself. Method: a descriptive study with 50 elderly people applying them: sociodemographic and health data form; Dutch questionnaires: Diabetes Knowledge and Diabetes Attitude Questionnaire on DM, translated and validated into Brazilian Portuguese. Results: Of the elderly studied, the majority were women (72%); mean age of 71 years; between 1 and 4 years (48%). Knowledge assessment, with low score obtained, represented insufficient knowledge for understanding the disease and for self-care practices. As for the attitude, also obtained negative score indicating low acceptance of the disease itself. Conclusion: The finding of low level of knowledge and negative attitude regarding the elderly DM indicates a serious commitment to treatment adherence and increased complication rates associated with DM.(AU)

Objetivo: Describir conocimiento y actitud de los portadores de Diabetes Mellitus del Programa Anciano de la Unidad de Salud de Marambaia, Belém-PA, acerca de la propia enfermedad. Método: estúdio descriptivo realizado con 50 ancianos aplicándoles: forma de datos sociodemográficos y de salud; cuestionarios, de origen holandés: La diabetes y el Conocimiento de la Diabetes Attitude Cuestionario sobre DM, traducidos y validados para el portugués de Brasil. Resultados: De los ancianos estudiados, la mayoría eran mujeres (72%); promedio de edad de 71 años; escolaridad entre 1 y 4 años (48%). La evaluación del conocimiento, com escasa baja obtenida, representaba conocimiento insuficiente para la comprensión de la enfermedad y para las prácticas de autocuidado. Encuanto a la actitud, también obtuvo puntuación negativa indicando baja aceptación de la propia enfermedad. Conclusión: La constatación de bajo nivel de conocimiento y de actitud negativa em relación a DM de los ancianos, denota seria lacuna de compromiso de adhesión al tratamiento y elevación de tasas de complicación asociada a la DM.(AU)