RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: to identify the prevalence and associations of polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medication use among older adults with hypertension treated in primary care. METHODS: a cross-sectional study carried out with older adults with hypertension treated at a Family Health Strategy unit. Data collection included analysis of medical records, interviews and multidimensional assessment of older adults. Socio-demographic information and clinical variables were collected. Statistical analysis was performed by multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: polypharmacy prevalence was 38.09%, and potentially inappropriate medication (PIM), 28.57%. There was a significant association between polypharmacy and PIM use, altered sleep and ethnicity. PIM use was associated with polypharmacy, worse family functioning, and absence of a caregiver. Cognitive decline reduces the prevalence of these medications. CONCLUSIONS: polypharmacy and PIM use among older adults with hypertension represent a problem in this population, especially among the most vulnerable.
Assuntos
Hipertensão , Lista de Medicamentos Potencialmente Inapropriados , Humanos , Idoso , Prescrição Inadequada , Polimedicação , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Risco , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Atenção Primária à SaúdeRESUMO
Objective: The aim was to describe the effects of the use of citric acid in the healing process of chronic leprosy wounds. Approach: This is a case series, carried out with 5 people with chronic leprosy wounds, under continuous care in an outpatient center wound care in the center-south region of Brazil. The intervention protocol consisted of topical application of 3% citric acid (ointment), on the wound bed, in a thin layer of approximately 2â mm, on alternate days, and followed up for a total period of 8 weeks and secondary coverage rayon and gauze. The cases were analyzed regarding wound dimensions, histology and clinical observation. Results: It was observed in all cases better aspect of the wound bed, presence of granulation tissue and decrease of the inflammatory process with predominance of lymphocytes, reduction of bacterial colonies, increase and verticalization of type I collagen fibers, reduction of type III collagen and increased areas of epithelialization. Innovation: There was also a reduction in the level of pain and exudation after the treatment protocol. Conclusions: Therefore, the use of citric acid in leprosy neuropathic wounds is promising and may be a treatment option, considering its cost, clinical management and possible effect on the chronic inflammatory process.
RESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the prevalence and associations of polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medication use among older adults with hypertension treated in primary care. Methods: a cross-sectional study carried out with older adults with hypertension treated at a Family Health Strategy unit. Data collection included analysis of medical records, interviews and multidimensional assessment of older adults. Socio-demographic information and clinical variables were collected. Statistical analysis was performed by multiple logistic regression. Results: polypharmacy prevalence was 38.09%, and potentially inappropriate medication (PIM), 28.57%. There was a significant association between polypharmacy and PIM use, altered sleep and ethnicity. PIM use was associated with polypharmacy, worse family functioning, and absence of a caregiver. Cognitive decline reduces the prevalence of these medications. Conclusions: polypharmacy and PIM use among older adults with hypertension represent a problem in this population, especially among the most vulnerable.
RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar la prevalencia y asociaciones de polifarmacia y uso de medicamentos potencialmente inapropiados entre ancianos hipertensos atendidos en atención primaria. Métodos: estudio transversal, realizado con ancianos hipertensos atendidos en una unidad de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia. La recolección de datos incluyó análisis de historias clínicas, entrevistas y evaluación multidimensional de los ancianos. Se recogió información sociodemográfica y variables clínicas. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante regresión logística múltiple. Resultados: la prevalencia de polifarmacia fue de 38,09% y de medicación potencialmente inapropiada (MPI), de 28,57%. Hubo una asociación significativa entre la polifarmacia y el uso de MPI, la alteración del sueño y el origen étnico. El uso de MPI se asoció con polifarmacia, peor funcionamiento familiar y ausencia de un cuidador. El deterioro cognitivo reduce la prevalencia de estos medicamentos. Conclusiones: la polifarmacia y el uso de MPI entre personas mayores con hipertensión representan un problema en esta población, especialmente entre los más vulnerables.
RESUMO Objetivo: identificar a prevalência e as associações da polifarmácia e uso de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados entre idosos com hipertensão atendidos na atenção básica. Métodos: estudo transversal, realizado com idosos com hipertensão atendidos em unidade da Estratégia Saúde da Família. A coleta de dados englobou análise de prontuário, entrevista e avaliação multidimensional dos idosos. Foram coletadas informações socioedemográficas e variáveis clínicas. A análise estatística se deu por regressão logística múltipla. Resultados: a prevalência de polifarmácia foi de 38,09%, e de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados (MPI), de 28,57%. Houve associação significativa entre polifarmácia e uso de MPI, sono alterado e etnia. O uso de MPI foi associado à polifarmácia, pior funcionalidade familiar e ausência de cuidador. O declínio cognitivo reduz a prevalência destes medicamentos. Conclusões: a polifarmácia e o uso de MPI entre idosos com hipertensão representam um problema nessa população, especialmente entre aqueles mais vulneráveis.
RESUMO
OBJETIVO: verificar associação do declínio cognitivo e dos fatores socioeconômicos com o risco cardiovascular em idosos com Alzheimer. MÉTODO: estudo transversal, em que se incluíram 75 idosos com Alzheimer. Verificaram-se pressão de pulso, risco cardiovascular, Miniexame do Estado Mental, Miniavaliação Nutricional e exames bioquímicos. RESULTADOS: 92% dos pacientes apresentaram declínio cognitivo, com média de três anos de escolaridade. Houve prevalência entre as mulheres (62,3%) e idosos com duas ou mais comorbidades (62,3%). Eram hipertensos (65,2%), estavam com a pressão de pulso elevada (85%), com sobrepeso (49%) e em risco nutricional (78%). Média diária de dois anti-hipertensivos, e a classe medicamentosa mais utilizada foi bloqueador do receptor da angiotensina. CONCLUSÃO: a população estudada apresentou risco cardiovascular aumentado. A consulta de enfermagem foi importante para o reconhecimento dos dados clínicos, como declínio cognitivo, risco cardiovascular, risco nutricional e análise bioquímica.
OBJECTIVE: To verify the association between cognitive decline, socioeconomic factors, and cardiovascular risk in older adults with Alzheimer's disease. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 75 older adults with Alzheimer's disease. Pulse pressure, cardiovascular risk, Mini-Mental State Examination, Mini-Nutritional Assessment, and biochemical tests were performed. RESULTS: Ninety-two percent of patients had cognitive decline, with an average of three years of schooling. There was a predominance of women (62.3%) and older adults with two or more comorbidities (62.3%). Most participants had arterial hypertension (65.2%), had elevated pulse pressure during the examination (85%), were overweight (49%), and were at nutritional risk (78%). The daily average of antihypertensive drugs was 2, and angiotensin receptor blockers were the most used drugs. CONCLUSION: The population studied had an increased cardiovascular risk. The nursing consultation was important for recognizing clinical data, such as cognitive decline, cardiovascular risk, nutritional risk, and altered biochemical results.
OBJETIVO: Verificar la asociación entre deterioro cognitivo, factores socioeconómicos y riesgo cardiovascular en ancianos con enfermedad de Alzheimer. MÉTODO: Se realizó un estudio transversal con 75 ancianos con enfermedad de Alzheimer. Se realizaron pruebas de presión de pulso, riesgo cardiovascular, Mini-Examen del Estado Mental, Mini-Evaluación Nutricional y pruebas bioquímicas. RESULTADOS: El 92% de los pacientes presentó deterioro cognitivo, con un promedio de tres años de escolaridad. Hubo predominio de mujeres (62,3%) y ancianos con dos o más comorbilidades (62,3%). La mayoría de los participantes tenía hipertensión arterial (65,2%), presión de pulso elevada durante el examen (85%), sobrepeso (49%) y riesgo nutricional (78%). El promedio diario de fármacos antihipertensivos fue de 2, siendo los bloqueadores de los receptores de angiotensina los más utilizados. CONCLUSIÓN: La población estudiada presentaba riesgo cardiovascular aumentado. La consulta de enfermería fue importante para el reconocimiento de datos clínicos, como deterioro cognitivo, riesgo cardiovascular, riesgo nutricional y análisis bioquímico.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Saúde do Idoso , Doença de Alzheimer , Disfunção Cognitiva , Fatores de Risco de Doenças Cardíacas , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
Assess the nutritional and biochemical state of patients with Alzheimer Disease (AD) compared to a control group. This is an observational, case-control and descriptive type study, based on the recruiting of 22 elderly individuals with a clinical diagnosis of AD considered as the case group, and 22 other elderly individuals considered as the control group. Evaluations were made using the results from the following scales Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), anthropometric measurements for obtaining the body mass index (BMI) and biochemical analyses. The analyses were performed on the program SPSS version 20.0, using absolute and relative measures, T test for independent samples for measurement comparisons and the Spearman correlation test. In the cognitive evaluation MMSE, those participants with AD present higher risk of cognitive decline (81.8%), greater risk of malnutrition according to MNA (45.5%) and altered levels of leptin (90.9%). Upon performing the comparison analysis between the group with AD and the control group, there existed noteworthy differences between the means for the variables MNA (4.40; BMI95% 2.75 6.06), MMSE (10.54; BMI95% 7.09 13.99) and doses of HDL (High Density Lipoproteins) (14.53; BMI95% 6.18 22.88). As well as differences in the p-value < 0.09 in the leptin doses (11.54; BMI95% (-24.98 1.89) and transferrin dose (-72.31; BMI95% -159.48 14.84). The Spearman correlation demonstrated that the cognitive decline in the group of senior citizens with AD was strongly associated with nutritional conditions MNA (R 0.484) and the leptin dose (R 0.590). Senior citizens with AD present worse nutritional conditions, cognitive decline and biochemical alterations when compared to senior citizens in the control group. As such, the study demonstrated the need for an integrated healthcare assistance concerning senior citizens with AD.
Avaliar o estado nutricional e bioquímico de pacientes com Doença de Alzheimer (DA) comparando com um grupo controle. Materiais e métodos: trata-se de um tipo observacional, caso-controle e descritivo a partir do recrutamento de 22 idosos diagnosticados clinicamente com DA considerados grupo caso e outros 22 idosos considerados controle, foi utilizado a escala Mini Avaliação nutricional (MNA), Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MMSE), medidas antropométricas para obtenção do índice de massa corporal (IMC) e análises bioquímicas. As análises foram realizadas no programa SPSS versão 20.0, utilizou-se de medidas absolutas e relativas, teste T para amostras independentes para comparação de médias e o teste de correlação de Spearman. Na avaliação cognitiva MMSE os participantes com DA apresentaram maior prevalência de declínio cognitivo (81,8%), maior prevalência de risco para desnutrição segundo MNA (45,5%) e níveis alterados de leptina (90,9%). Ao se realizar a análise de comparação o grupo com DA e o controle observou-se diferenças significativas entre as médias das variáveis MNA (4,40; IC95% 2,75 6,06), MMSE (10,54; IC95% 7,09 13,99) e dosagens de HDL (14,53; IC95% 6,18 22,88). E diferenças com o p-valor < 0,09 nas dosagens de leptina (11,54; IC95% (-24,98 1,89) e dosagem de transferrina (-72,31; IC95% -159,48 14,84). A correlação de Spearman demonstrou que o declínio cognitivo no grupo de idosos com DA, esteve associado significativamente às condições nutricionais MNA (R 0,484) e dosagem de leptina (R 0,590). Idosos com DA apresentaram piores condições nutricionais, declínio cognitivo e alterações bioquímicas, ao compara-los com idosos controles. Desta forma, o estudo demonstra a necessidade de uma assistência integral a esses idosos.