A Bibliometric Analysis of Geosmin Removal and Treatment Technologies using Web of Science Database and VOSviewer.

In the last few years, the presence of geosmin (GEO) in water bodies has caused serious problems related to water consumption by the population. Many studies focus on its occurrence and detection, but little is discussed about the technologies for treatment and removal of this contaminant. In this way, the present work aims to present a bibliographic search and a bibliometric analysis carried out in the Web of Science database and in VOSviewer software about geosmin remediation, in the last 10 years. 100 articles were found, of which only one, from 2021, was a review. It was possible to assess that the subject has gained greater notoriety in the last 7 years, since the year 2016 marked the increase of publications on the subject, as well as an increasing number of citations. Among the most published countries is the People's Republic of China, with 53% of publications. Bibliometric analysis showed that GEO is directly related to 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB), since both occur simultaneously in water bodies. In addition, it was possible to identify that adsorptive processes are the most used in the removal of these contaminants, followed by advanced oxidative processes and biological processes, in that order.

Gold mining tailing: Environmental availability of metals and human health risk assessment.

The gold ore from sulfide minerals is, in general, ore dressed by means of nine stages among which stand out flotation and cyanidation. The residues of these steps, containing potentially toxic elements, such as As, Cd, Cr, Mn, Zn and Pb disposed of tailings dams, which might be a source of environmental contamination if not suitably disposed and/or in cases of accidents and overflows. Sequential extraction schemes (SES) have been used to estimate the potential environmental availability of contaminants from environmental matrices and, lately, from residues. This research evaluates the environmental availability of As, Cr, Cd, Mn, Pb, and Zn, by using two different SES, Tessier and Marin (BCR) in cyanidation residues. The analytes were quantified by inductively coupled plasma with optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). A human health risk assessment was performed considering a scenario of soil contamination by the tailing after failure dam, based on the potential environment availability of metals, resulted from distinct SES studied. The results showed that Mn and Pb are the most labile, and therefore the most dangerous and bioavailable for the surrounding environment (≥75%). Moreover, the scenario simulated demonstrated the risk for human health mostly due to As, Cd and Zn.

A 3-day diary of dietary protein and calorie intake by serum phosphate concentration and binder use in hemodialysis patients.

INTRODUCTION: The use of phosphate binders to control hyperphosphatemia may allow diets less restricted in protein and calories for maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. The study compared intakes of protein, calorie and phosphate among MHD patients with different serum phosphate concentrations, taking into account binder use. The hypothesis was that low serum phosphate would be associated with low intakes of protein and calories only in patients not on binders. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 443 patients enrolled in the Prospective Study of the Prognosis of Chronic Hemodialysis Patients (PROHEMO) in Salvador, Brazil, with stratified sampling on serum phosphate: ≤3.0 (n = 41), 3.5-5.5 (n = 328) and ≥7.0 mg/dL (n = 74). A 3-day diet diary was used to determine dietary intakes. RESULTS: Approximately 49.0% confirmed binder use. Covariate-adjusted linear regression showed that associations between dietary intakes and serum phosphate were modified by the binder use. In patients not on binders, protein intake was >20% lower for serum phosphate ≤3.0 mg/dL compared to higher concentrations. Also in those not on binders, calorie intake was >30% lower for serum phosphate ≤3.0 mg/dL compared to ≥7.0 mg/dL. Differences in dietary intakes by serum phosphate were virtually absent in patients on binders. CONCLUSIONS: The results are consistent with the hypothesis that low serum phosphate is associated with low protein and calorie intake only among MHD patients not on binders. This study supports recommendations to prevent hyperphosphatemia in MHD patients by adequate combination of binder use and selection of foods restricted in phosphors but not severely restricted in protein and calories.

Associations of physical activity energy expenditure with nutritional-inflammatory markers in hemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND: Sedentariness, high inflammation status and malnutrition are highly prevalent in end-stage kidney disease patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD). This study investigated associations of weekly physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) with clinical and anthropometric markers of nutrition and inflammation. METHODS: The analysis was performed using baseline cross-sectional data of 640 patients enrolled in the prospective cohort "The Prospective Study of the Prognosis of Patients Treated Chronically by Hemodialysis" (PROHEMO) developed in Salvador, BA, Brazil. The long version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to determine a summary measure of PAEE, the metabolic equivalent of task (MET), taking into account physical activities related to occupation, recreation, travel, sports, and housework. PAEE was the predictor variable. To assess associations of PAEE with outcomes, the sex-age-specific median MET was used. The malnutrition-inflammation score (MIS) with range of 0 to 30 (higher is worse), conicity index as indicator of abdominal adiposity and C-reactive protein (CRP) were the nutritional-inflammatory outcomes. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 48.9 ± 13.8 y, 60.3% were males, 16.7% diabetic, 88.1% nonwhite. In multivariable logistic regression models with adjustments for sociodemographic variables and comorbidities, PAEE ≤median was associated with MIS ≥6 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.57; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08, 2.29), conicity index ≥1.3 (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.03, 2.23) and CRP >1.30 mg/dL (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.08, 2.84). CONCLUSIONS: Greater physical activity assessed by PAEE was associated with indicators of better nutritional and inflammation status. These results indicate opportunities for improving outcomes in MHD patients by counseling and treatment intervention.

Unilateral and Immediate Stimulation of Acupuncture Points Xiaohai (SI8) and Jianwaishu (SI14) of the Small Intestine Meridian Increases Electromyographic Activity and Strength in the Ipsilateral and Contralateral Upper Trapezius Muscle.

We previously showed that a yin meridian of the upper limb decreased electromyographic activity (root mean square) and muscle strength ipsilateral and contralateral to the side of stimulation. Here, we tested the upper trapezius (UT) muscle response after stimulation of a yang meridian of the upper limb, the small intestine (SI). Thirty-eight healthy volunteers were randomized into the following groups: UT muscle (SI14), distant of the UT muscle (SI8), without stimulation (CG), and sham (R3). An acupuncturist certificated by the Brazilian Society of Physical Therapists and Acupuncturists performed the needle insertion. Each volunteer received only one stimulation to the right upper limb. The evaluation occurred before, 5 minutes after, and 20 minutes after needle withdrawal. The root mean square activity increased on the right side in the UT muscle for the SI8 and SI14 groups (F3,37 = 4.67; p < 0.025) at the 20-minute evaluation. The most vigorous response occurred on the contralateral side because the effects were maintained for 5 minutes after withdrawal (F3,37 = 4.52; p < 0.025). Both groups showed an increase in the UT muscle strength at the 20-minute evaluation (F3,37 = 3.41; p < 0.025). The CG and R3 groups did not show any changes. Our data indicate that SI a yang meridian increases the UT muscle response.

Beneficial effects of previous exercise training on renal changes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic female rats.

This study evaluated the effects of aerobic exercise performed both previously and after the induction of diabetes mellitus on changes of renal function and structure in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Female wistar rats were divided into five groups: sedentary control (C + Se); trained control (C + Ex); sedentary diabetic (D + Se); trained diabetic (D + Ex) and previously trained diabetic (D + PEx). The previous exercise consisted of treadmill running for four weeks before the induction of diabetes mellitus. After induction of diabetes mellitus with streptozotocin, the D + PEx, D + Ex and C + Ex groups were submitted to eight weeks of aerobic exercise. At the end of the training protocol, we evaluate the serum glucose, insulin and 17ß-estradiol levels, renal function and structure, proteinuria, and fibronectin, collagen IV and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-ß1) renal expressions. Induction of diabetes mellitus reduced the insulin and did not alter 17ß-estradiol levels, and exercise did not affect any of these parameters. Previous exercise training attenuated the loss of body weight, the blood glucose, the increase of glomerular filtration rate and prevented the proteinuria in the D + PEx group compared to D + Se group. Previous exercise also reduced glomerular hypertrophy, tubular and glomerular injury, as well as the expressions of fibronectin and collagen IV. These expressions were associated with reduced expression of TGF-ß1. In conclusion, our study shows that regular aerobic exercise especially performed previously to induction of diabetes mellitus improved metabolic control and has renoprotective action on the diabetic kidney.

Tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 expression in leukocytes and their association with polymorphisms and bone markers in diabetic individuals treated with pioglitazone.

BACKGROUND: Pioglitazone is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) activator used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (DM2) patients and it has been suggested that can induce bone loss. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA expression in blood leukocytes and the relationship with polymorphisms and bone markers in DM2 treated with pioglitazone were investigated. METHODS: DM2 (n=53) and normoglycemic (NG, n=52) individuals were included. DM2 patients were treated with pioglitazone (45 mg/day/16 weeks). mRNA expression was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). TNFA -308G>A and IL6 -174G>C polymorphisms were detected by PCR-RFLP and high resolution melting polymerase chain reaction (HRM-PCR). RESULTS: Pioglitazone reduced bone specific alkaline phosphatase (bALP) and increased TNFα in DM2 group (p<0.001). DM2 or pioglitazone did not influence TNFα and IL-6 expression (p>0.05). TNFA -308A allele was associated with reduced basal TNFα mRNA levels in NG and DM2 and reduced alkaline phosphatase (tALP) after treatment (p<0.05). IL6 -174C allele was associated with decreased oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)-2 h in DM2 individuals (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: TNFA -308G >A polymorphism appear to be involved in regulation of gene expression independently of hyperglycemia and its interaction with pioglitazone may modify tALP, a important bone marker. IL6 -174G>C variant is related with reduced risk of postprandial hyperglycemia but not with mRNA expression or bone markers.

Tumor necrosis factor-á and interleukin-6 expression in leukocytes and their association with polymorphisms and bone markers in diabetic individuals treated with pioglitazone

BACKGROUND: Pioglitazone is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARã) activator used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes (DM2) patients and it has been suggested that can induce bone loss. Tumor necrosis factor-á (TNFá) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA expression in blood leukocytes and the relationship with polymorphisms and bone markers in DM2 treated with pioglitazone were investigated.METHODS: DM2 (n=53) and normoglycemic (NG, n=52) individuals were included. DM2 patients were treated with pioglitazone (45 mg/day/16 weeks). mRNA expression was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). TNFA -308G>A and IL6 -174G>C polymorphisms were detected by PCR-RFLP and high resolution melting polymerase chain reaction (HRM-PCR).RESULTS: Pioglitazone reduced bone specific alkaline phosphatase (bALP) and increased TNFá in DM2 group (p0.05). TNFA -308A allele was associated with reduced basal TNFá mRNA levels in NG and DM2 and reduced alkaline phosphatase (tALP) after treatment (pA polymorphism appear to be involved in regulation of gene expression independently of hyperglycemia and its interaction with pioglitazone may modify tALP, a important bone marker. IL6 -174G>C variant is related with reduced risk of postprandial hyperglycemia but not with mRNA expression or bone markers.