Use of Low Temperature Storage to Preserve Host and Parasitoid to Improve the Rearing of Telenomus podisi (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) on Euschistus heros (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Eggs.

Successful parasitoid rearing is crucial for augmentative biological control. A low temperature preservation protocol allowing the availability of host and parasitoid year-round was evaluated in this study in four bioassays: (1) host eggs [Euschistus heros (Fabricius)] stored at - 196, - 80, and - 20°C for up to 70 days prior to exposure to Telenomus podisi Ashmead parasitism; (2) Euschistus heros eggs removed from storage at - 196°C after 70 days and kept at 5°C for up to 9 days prior to exposure to T. podisi parasitism; (3) Telenomus podisi adult emergence of insects stored as pupae at 5°C; and (4) fitness of adults of T. podisi stored at 5°C. Higher parasitism was observed in parasitoids reared on E. heros eggs stored at - 196 and - 80°C. Host eggs removed from - 196°C and stored at 5°C for up to 6 days did not impact T. podisi parasitism and development. Storage of T. podisi pupae for more than 7 days negatively affected parasitoid biology. Storing T. podisi adults at 5°C for up to 6 days does not alter the biological parameters of the parasitoid. Thus, parasitoids can be stored as pupae or adults as well as its host E. heros eggs. Our findings can be applied to improve the feasibility of year-round insect production.

Completion task to uncover consumer's perception: a case study using distinct types of hen's eggs.

The choice and consumption of eggs are made considering a consumers' multidimensional perception, and their understanding becomes essential to the production targeting and the products' success in the market. In this context, this work aimed to verify the consumers' perception about the distinct types of hens' eggs, using a projective technique of completion task combined with presentation of images. A hundred consumers (n = 100) evaluated the main factors, both positive and negative, involved at the purchase time of eggs besides estimating their price. Between the positive factors that guide the eggs' consumption and purchase, the category with highest mention of terms was "Health," whereas negatively it was highlighted the category "Price." Concerning the perception of price, the results showed that the factory farm white eggs' value was the one that least differed from the average market price, possibly due to the nearness and familiarity with this variety. The methodology of completion task combined with presentation of images proved as being a practical and efficient tool to capture the consumers' perception of eggs, capable of providing valuable information to the ones involved in the production chain and commercialization of these products.

Post-resistance exercise hemodynamic and autonomic responses: Comparison between normotensive and hypertensive men.

To compare post-resistance exercise hypotension (PREH) and its mechanisms in normotensive and hypertensive individuals, 14 normotensives and 12 hypertensives underwent two experimental sessions: control (rest) and exercise (seven exercises, three sets, 50% of one repetition maximum). Hemodynamic and autonomic clinic measurements were taken before (Pre) and at two moments post-interventions (Post 1: between 30 and 60 min; Post 2: after 7 h). Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) was monitored for 24 h. At Post 1, exercise decreased systolic BP similarly in normotensives and hypertensives (-8 ± 2 vs -13 ± 2 mmHg, P > 0.05), whereas diastolic BP decreased more in hypertensives (-4 ± 1 vs -9 ± 1 mmHg, P < 0.05). Cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance did not change in normotensives and hypertensives (0.0 ± 0.3 vs 0.0 ± 0.3 L/min; -1 ± 1 vs -2 ± 2 U, P > 0.05). After exercise, heart rate (+13 ± 3 vs +13 ± 2 bpm) and its variability (low- to high-frequency components ratio, 1.9 ± 0.4 vs +1.4 ± 0.3) increased whereas stroke volume (-14 ± 5 vs -11 ± 5 mL) decreased similarly in normotensives and hypertensives (all, P > 0.05). At Post 2, all variables returned to pre-intervention, and ambulatory data were similar between sessions. Thus, a session of resistance exercise promoted PREH in normotensives and hypertensives. Although this PREH was greater in hypertensives, it did not last during the ambulatory period, which limits its clinical relevance. In addition, the mechanisms of PREH were similar in hypertensives and normotensives.

Development and reproduction of Spodoptera eridania (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its egg parasitoid Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) on the genetically modified soybean (Bt) MON 87701×MON 89788.

Genetically modified crops with insect resistance genes from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt-plants) are increasingly being cultivated worldwide. Therefore, it is critical to improve our knowledge of their direct or indirect impact not only on target pests but also on non-target arthropods. Hence, this study evaluates comparative leaf consumption and performance of Spodoptera eridania (Cramer), a species that is tolerant of the Cry1Ac protein, fed with Bt soybean, MON 87701×MON 89788 or its near [corrected] non-Bt isoline. Using this species as a model, we assessed [corrected] the comparative performance of the egg parasitoid Telenomus remus Nixon on eggs of S. eridania produced from individuals that fed on these two soybean genotypes [corrected] as larvae. Results showed that Bt soybean did not affect pest foliage consumption, but did reduce larvel duration by two days despite larvae in both treatments having six instars. Nevertheless, survival of S. eridania larvae, pupal weight, sex ratio, fecundity and longevity of female moths, and egg viability did not differ between Bt and non-Bt soybeans. Adult longevity of S. eridania males was increased when caterpillars were fed with Bt soybean versus the near isoline. No adverse effects of this technology were observed for the egg parasitoid T. remus. [corrected].

Avaliação da coagulação plasmática e plaquetometria em cães não infectados e infectados experimentalmente com Ehrlichia spp / Plasmatic coagulation and platelet count in dogs uninfected and experimentally infected with Ehrlichia spp

Avaliou-se a ocorrência de distúrbios na coagulação plasmática e na plaquetometria de cães infectados por Ehrlichia spp., durante 15 semanas após o contágio. Doze cães, entre machos e fêmeas, nascidos em estação experimental e com idades entre um e dois anos, foram usados no experimento. Nove cães foram infectados experimentalmente com sangue de cão naturalmente portador de Ehrlichia spp. e três foram mantidos como controle. As alterações na coagulação plasmática não diferiram entre cães infectados e não infectados. A plaquetometria oscilou durante as 15 semanas entre 61x10³/μL e 830x10³/μL, e o menor valor médio foi de 113x10³/μL na sexta semana após a infecção. Concluiu-se que a coagulação plasmática não apresentou alterações significativas nas 15 semanas após infecção e que a contagem plaquetária oscilou entre valores normais, elevados e reduzidos durante esse período.

The effect of Ehrlichia spp. in plasma coagulation and platelet count in dogs during 15 weeks after contamination was evaluated. Twelve male and female dogs one-to-two-year-old were born in the experimental station and were used for the experiment. Nine dogs were infected with blood of dogs naturally bearing Ehrlichia spp., and three were kept as controls. The variation of plasma coagulation did not significantly differ between infected and uninfected dogs. The platelet count oscillated during the period from 61x10³/μL to 830x10³/μL, and the lowest mean value was 113 x 10³/μL at the sixth week after contamination in infected dogs. In conclusion, the plasma coagulation did not significantly change and the platelet count oscillated between normal, increased, and reduced values during the first 15 weeks after Ehrlichia spp. contamination in dogs.

Total agranulocytosis caused by dapsone therapy for tuberculoid leprosy--an unappreciated serious side effect of anti-leprosy treatment with clinical implications.

Dapsone-induced agranulocytosis is a rare but potentially fatal adverse effect of treatment for tuberculoid leprosy. Publications distributed by the WHO Leprosy Elimination Campaign for patient information on leprosy do not contain any advice or guidelines for post-dapsone therapy follow-up. As a result of this major deficiency, the local anti-leprosy campaign in Sri Lanka has no such guidelines on dapsone therapy for leprosy patients. We report two patients with total agranulocytosis caused by dapsone therapy for tuberculoid leprosy including one fatality. As leprosy is more prevalent in developing countries such as Sri Lanka, we recommend that WHO publications on patient information should include post-dapsone therapy follow-up guidelines to avoid such catastrophes which are undetected until the patients are critically ill.

Studies on the encapsulation of diclofenac in small unilamellar liposomes of soya phosphatidylcholine.

The encapsulation of acid (AD) and sodium diclofenac (SD) in small unilamellar liposomes (SUV) as well as the interactions of the drug with the bilayer was studied. SUV was prepared by sonication from multilamellar liposomes containing soya phosphatidylcholine and diclofenac at various proportions. The size distribution obtained from dynamic light scattering showed that the incorporation of SD decreases significantly the size of the liposomes suggesting that the drug interacts with the bilayer of the liposomes. This size decrease is related with the phase transition of liposomes to mixed micelar solution. The encapsulation of the hydrophilic dye indocyanine green in the aqueous compartment of liposomes showed that the rate of captured dye decreases with SD concentration suggesting the transition of liposomes to mixed micelles. The (31)P NMR analysis indicates that SD interacts with the phosphate of phosphatidylcholine head groups. A schematic model for interaction of SD with phosphatidylcholine of the liposomes in which the diclofenac anion interacts with the ammonium group of the phospholipid and the dichlorophenyl ring occupies a more internal site of bilayer near phosphate group was proposed.

"Wireless" laser recanalization of chronic total coronary occlusions.

Chronic total occlusions in particular, completely obstructed aorto-ostial lesions are among the most challenging targets in interventional cardiology. Excimer laser is a debulking technology for revascularization of complex lesions. Treatment of total occlusions with laser angioplasty can be applied providing that a guidewire traverses the entire length of the occlusion prior to device activation. In many patients with total occlusions, a guidewire is unable to penetrate the target stenosis. This communication presents a new technique termed "wireless" laser recanalization. This approach entails recanalization of a total occlusion with a laser catheter without a leading guidewire.

Two polycyclic compounds derived from a Diels-Alder reaction.

In both 9,10-dimethoxy-11-oxatricyclo[6.2.1.0(2,7)]undeca-4,9-diene-3,6-diol, C(12)H(16)O(5), (I), and 5,6-dimethoxy-3,7-dioxatetracyclo[6.4.0.0(2,6).0(4,12)]dodec-9-en-11-ol, C(12)H(16)O(5), (II), the hetero-oxygen-containing five-membered rings have an envelope conformation. The six-membered rings are in a boat conformation in compound (I), and in (II), one is in a half-boat and the other is in a slightly distorted boat conformation. The molecules in both compounds interact through classical hydrogen bonds and C-H.O contacts.

Calculated and experimental NMR chemical shifts of p-menthane-3,9-diols. A combination of molecular dynamics and quantum mechanics to determine the structure and the solvent effects.

NMR chemical shifts have been experimentally measured and theoretically estimated for all the carbon atoms of (1R,3S,4S,8S)-p-menthane-3,9-diol in chloroform solution. Theoretical estimations were performed using a combination of molecular dynamics simulations and quantum mechanical calculations. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to obtain the most populated conformations of the (1R,3S:4S,8S)-p-menthane-3,9-diol as well as the distribution of the solvent molecules around it. Quantum mechanical calculations of NMR chemical shifts were performed on the most relevant conformations employing the GIAO-DFT formalism. A special emphasis was put in evaluating the effects of the surrounding solvent molecules. For this purpose, supermolecule calculations were performed on complexes constituted by the solute and n chloroform molecules, where n ranges from 3 to 16. An excellent agreement with experimental data has been obtained following this computational strategy.

Force-field parametrization and molecular dynamics simulations of p-menthan-3,9-diols: a family of amphiphilic compounds derived from terpenoids.

A set of amphiphilic p-menthan-3,9-diols have been investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. These are four stereoisomers than can be specifically obtained from two terpenoids widely used in biorganic chemistry. For this purpose, the p-menthan-3,9-diols have been explicitly parametrized using both semiempirical and ab initio quantum mechanical calculations. The reliability of these parameters has been validated by predicting different molecular and thermodynamic properties. Molecular dynamics simulations in aqueous solution have been performed with the new parameters. The results provide useful insights about the conformational properties of this family of compounds and the formation of intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds.

Left ventricular electromechanical mapping: a case study of functional assessment in coronary intervention.

Electromechanical mapping is a new diagnostic tool that can be used to identify viable myocardium. In the case reported here, the technique was used before intervention to map areas of viable myocardium; post-intervention mapping showed improved mechanical function of the revascularized areas. Electromechanical mapping offers the potential of assessing left ventricular function in the cardiac catheterization laboratory before and after interventional procedures.