RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of phonation in a glass tube immersed in water compared to other interventions on general degree of vocal deviation, fundamental frequency, sound pressure level, and vocal self-assessment in vocally healthy individuals. METHODS: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis developed from the research question: "In vocally healthy individuals, what is the effect of phonation into a glass tube immersed in water versus other vocal interventions, other activities, or no intervention on general degree of vocal deviation, fundamental frequency, sound pressure level, and vocal self-assessment?" An electronic search was performed using Medline, LILACS, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases, and a manual search was performed in the gray literature (Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations and OpenGrey), the Journal of Voice, and the citations of the studies. Studies with (P) population of adults with healthy voices, (I) intervention with phonation into a glass tube immersed in water, (C) comparison with other vocal interventions, other activities, or no intervention, (O) outcomes of the general degree of vocal deviation, fundamental frequency, sound pressure level, and vocal self-assessment, and an (S) study with the experimental or quasi-experimental design were included. Risk of bias assessment and meta-analysis of the outcomes were performed. RESULTS: A total of 457 studies were found in the search; four were selected for the systematic review and meta-analysis. In the risk of bias assessment, there was an uncertain risk of selection and performance bias in 100% of the studies and uncertain risk of detection bias of 75%. All studies had an experimental design, and most of them were conducted on women. In the fundamental frequency analysis, there was no difference between the effect sizes of the interventions (z = 0.471, P = 0.638). In the vocal self-assessment, the estimated odds ratio was 1.31, showing a greater chance of improvement in the intervention group than with the comparison group (z = 3.45, P < 0.001). There were not enough studies to analyze the general degree of vocal deviation and sound pressure level outcomes. CONCLUSION: Phonation into a glass tube immersed in water has a greater positive effect on vocal self-assessment than other interventions in vocally healthy individuals.
RESUMO
A organização do modelo de atenção à saúde vigente no Brasil a partir da implementação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) incorporou a intersetorialidade como premissa essencial, definida como a pactuação de diferentes atores no contexto do planejamento e assistência a políticas e programas. Nesse âmbito, enfatiza-se a relevância da articulação entre os setores de saúde e assistência social, pretendendo maior resolutividade das demandas e integralidade da assistência. A partir disso, este estudo pretende analisar os desafios para a colaboração intersetorial entre saúde e assistência social assim como suas implicações para a gestão do cuidado. Para tanto, foi conduzida uma revisão integrativa da literatura disponível nas bases de dados SCIELO e LILACS entre o período 2010-2020. Entre a amostra selecionada para a revisão, é constatado um panorama amplo, heterogêneo e complexo das experiências entre os dois setores, marcadas por variabilidades e desafios institucionais, operacionais e de recursos, sendo unânime o entendimento de que essas experiências ainda se mostram isoladas e verticalizadas. Diversos são os entraves associados ao exercício da intersetorialidade enquanto eixo norteador da elaboração de políticas públicas robustas para a população, especialmente no que tange ao binômio saúde e assistência social, o que reitera a necessidade de revisitar os processos de trabalho, gestão, formação, organização e disposição da atenção à saúde no Brasil tendo em vista a proposição e alcance de resultados mais efetivos na busca pela redução das iniquidades em saúde e fortalecimento das estratégias de bem-estar social.
Following implementation of the Unified Health System (SUS), the current organization of Brazil's health care model incorporated intersectoriality, defined as the agreement of different actors in the context of planning and assisting programs and policies, as an essential premise. This emphasizes the importance of intersectoral articulation between health care and social support for greater resolution of demands and comprehensive care. Given this context, this integrative review analyzes the challenges of intersectoral collaboration between health and social support, and its implications for care management. Bibliographic research was conducted in the SciELO and LILACS databases for articles published between 2010 and 2020. The final sample was characterized by a broad, heterogeneous, and complex panorama of experiences between the two sectors, marked by institutional, operational, and resource challenges and variability, with the unanimous understanding that such experiences are still isolated and verticalized. Many obstacles are associated with the implementation of intersectoriality as a guiding principle for elaborating robust public policies, especially regarding the binomial health and social support, reiterating the need to revise work, management, training, organization and health care processes in Brazil, given the proposal and achievement of more effective results in the search for reducing health inequalities and strengthening social well-being strategies.
La organización del actual modelo de atención a la salud en Brasil a partir de la implementación del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) incluyó como premisa esencial la intersectorialidad, definida como la concertación de diferentes actores en el contexto de la planificación y asistencia a programas y políticas. En este contexto, se destaca la importancia de la articulación entre los sectores de salud y asistencial, con miras a una mayor resolución de demandas y una atención integral. Ante lo anterior, este estudio pretende analizar los desafíos para la colaboración intersectorial entre salud y asistencia social, así como sus implicaciones para la gestión del cuidado. Para ello, se realizó una revisión integrativa de la literatura en las bases de datos SciELO y LILACS, en el período de 2010-2020. Entre la muestra seleccionada para la revisión, se verificó un panorama vasto, heterogéneo y complejo de las experiencias entre los dos sectores, marcadas por la variabilidad institucional, operativa y de recursos, y fue unánime el entendimiento de que estas experiencias aún son aisladas y verticalizadas. Son varios los obstáculos asociados al ejercicio de la intersectorialidad en tanto eje de la elaboración de sólidas políticas públicas a la población, especialmente en lo que se refiere al binomio salud-asistencia social, lo que plantea la necesidad de revisar los procesos de trabajo, la gestión, la formación, la organización y la atención a la salud en Brasil con miras a proponer y lograr resultados más efectivos en la búsqueda de la reducción de las inequidades en salud y el fortalecimiento de las estrategias de bienestar social.
