Clinical performance of 170 frictional Morse taper implants: 2 years follow-up.

This study evaluated clinical survival rates of 170 Morse taper implants through clinical and mechanical parameters in different therapeutic approaches such as single crowns, fixed partial prostheses and fixed full-arch prostheses. Patients referred to the Center on Education and Research on Dental Implants from May 2017 to July 2018 with the indication for dental implants therapy, aged >18 years, without periodontal disease, recent evidence of inflammatory activity or other oral disorders, current pregnancy, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus or heavy smoking habit were included in this study. After 12 weeks of healing since the implants were placed in the mandible and after 16 weeks following implants placed in the maxilla, patients returned to the Center for prosthetic rehabilitation. After implant therapy, all patients underwent periodical, clinical and prosthetic examinations every six months. The implant was used as a unit of evaluation for all analysis parameters. Prosthetic restorations involved 109 fixed reconstructions in function. Few prosthetic complications were reported (6.55%). Twenty implants were rehabilitated with cemented prostheses; from those, one crown suffered a loss in retention/decementation. Of the 148 implants rehabilitated with screwed-retained prostheses, 6.76% suffered prosthetic screw loosening. The cumulative implant survival rate was 98.2%. When peri-implant tissue health was evaluated, the keratinized mucosa band appeared to be related to peri-implant tissue stability. Thus, Morse taper implants represented a successful procedure for implant rehabilitation, with a high cumulative implant survival rate, low prevalence of biological and prosthetic complications and good stability of peri-implant tissues over the period assessed.

High Levels of Vitamin A in Plant-Based Diets for Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Juveniles, Effects on Growth, Skeletal Anomalies, Bone Molecular Markers, and Histological Morphology.

Substitution of fish-based ingredients may alter the nutritional profile of the feeds, including the vitamin contents, ultimately leading to unbalanced vitamin supply. Vitamin A plays an essential role in epithelium preservation, cell differentiation, reproduction, and vision. It also intervenes in skeletogenesis through chondrocytes development. Therefore, low levels of vitamin A may cause poor growth and abnormal bone development among other symptoms. Besides, in gilthead seabream excess vitamin A altered bone structure and homeostasis, indicating that an upper level for vitamin A in feeds for this species must be defined. For this purpose, a practical plant-based diet (FM 10% and FO 6%) containing five increasing levels of vitamin A (24,000, 26,000, 27,000, 31,000, and 37,000 IU/kg) supplemented as retinyl acetate was formulated to identify the effects of high levels of vitamin A for gilthead seabream juveniles. The trial was conducted with 450 total fish distributed into 15 tanks, where each diet was tested in triplicates for 70 days. At the end of the trial, samples were taken for analyses of vitamin A-relevant markers. At the end of the trial the high levels of vitamin A supplementation did not cause a reduction in growth, whereas no significant effect was observed for the feed efficiency, specific growth rate, and feed convertion ratio. Although not significant, retinol content in liver showed a tendency to increase with the elevation of dietary vitamin A levels. Although minor, the highest level of vitamin A dietary content (37,000 IU/kg) caused a significant increase in caudal vertebrae partial fusion as well as caudal vertebrae malformations. Increasing dietary vitamin A was related to a reduction in the occurrence of microhemorrhages in the liver and a reduction in the presence of eosinophils associated to the pancreas. Overall, the results of the present study suggested that gilthead seabream juveniles fed a plant-based diet are able to tolerate very high levels of vitamin A supplementation when supplemented as retinyl acetate. Nevertheless, further supplementation should be avoided in order to reduce the prevalence of anomalies affecting the caudal vertebrae.

Hepatitis C and Human Pegivirus Coinfection in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C from the Brazilian Amazon Region: Prevalence, Genotypes and Clinical Data.

Coinfection of HPgV-1 with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is common due to shared modes of transmission, with a prevalence of HPgV-1 viremia of approximately 20% among individuals with chronic HCV infection. The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of HPgV-1 RNA and circulating genotypes in patients with hepatitis C from a health service located in the city of Belém, in the state of Pará, Northern Brazil. A total of 147 samples were included in the study from February to December 2019. Among the participants, 72.1% (106/147) were monoinfected with HCV, with detectable HCV viral RNA, and 27.9% (41/147) were coinfected with HCV/HPgV-1. The most frequently found genotypes were HPgV-1 genotypes 1 and 2 (36.6% and 63.4%), respectively. While for HCV there was a predominance of genotypes 1 and 3 (58.5% and 41.5%). No significant differences were found when comparing any risk, sociodemographic, or clinical factors between groups. Also, there was no statistically significant difference when relating the viral genotypes of both agents. This study indicated that the prevalence of infection by HPgV-1 is high in HCV carriers in Belém, Pará, and probably does not change the clinical course of HCV infection, however, further studies are still needed.

Repertórios interculturais de mulheres sobre concepções de HIV/AIDS em cenário interétnico / Repertorios interculturales de mujeres acerca de concepciones de VIH/SIDA en un escenario interétnico / Intercultural repertories of women on HIV/AIDS conceptions in na interethnic scenario

Resumo Objetivo analisar, sob a perspectiva da interculturalidade, os significados atribuídos ao HIV/AIDS que compõem os repertórios de mulheres em situação interétnica. Método estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, desenvolvido com base no banco de dados de pesquisa primária. A amostra foi constituída por 642 registros, provenientes da aplicação do Teste de Associação Livre de Palavras, com 386 mulheres não indígenas e 256 mulheres indígenas procedentes do município de Rio Tinto-PB. As respostas apreendidas do estímulo indutor AIDS foram categorizadas segundo grupo de pertencimento, idade e conjugalidade. Os dados foram processados pelo software IraMuTeQ, e analisados pelas técnicas de Classificação Hierárquica Descendente, Especificidades Complementares e Análise Fatorial de Correspondência. As discussões apoiaram-se nas três perspectivas que abarcam a interculturalidade: relacional, funcional e crítica. Resultados foram conformadas três classes denominadas: Repertório biomédico; Repertório socioemocional; e Repertório comportamental. O biomédico foi o mais significativo para ambos os grupos, sendo liderado pelas não indígenas, e os constituintes socioemocional e comportamental foram majoritariamente representados pelas indígenas. Considerações Finais e implicações para a prática nesse cenário interétnico, o diálogo intercultural se materializa no intercâmbio de forma heterogênea de pensar-saber-fazer, que se desdobra sob a luz da interculturalidade relacional e funcional, demonstrando movimentos embrionários para a interculturalidade crítica.

Resumen Objetivo analizar desde la perspectiva de la interculturalidad los significados atribuidos al VIH y SIDA que componen los repertorios de mujeres en situación interétnica. Método estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, desarrollado con base en la base de datos de investigación primaria. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 642 registros, provenientes de la aplicación del Test Libre de Asociación de Palabras, con 386 mujeres no indígenas y 256 mujeres indígenas del municipio de Rio Tinto-PB. Las respuestas aprendidas del estímulo inductor del SIDA se clasificaron según pertenencia al grupo, edad y estado civil. Los datos fueron procesados por el software IRaMuTeQ y analizados mediante las técnicas de Clasificación Jerárquica Descendente, Especificidades Complementarias y Análisis de Correspondencia Factorial. Las discusiones se basaron en las tres perspectivas que engloban la interculturalidad: relacional, funcional y crítica. Resultados se formaron tres clases: Repertorio biomédico; Repertorio socioemocional; y Repertorio conductual. El biomédico fue el más significativo para ambos grupos, siendo liderado por mujeres no indígenas, y los constituyentes socioemocionales y conductuales estuvieron mayoritariamente representados por mujeres indias. Consideraciones finales e implicaciones para la práctica en este escenario interétnico, el diálogo intercultural se materializa en el intercambio de una manera heterogénea de pensar-saber-hacer, que se despliega a la luz de la interculturalidad relacional y funcional, evidenciando movimientos embrionarios hacia una interculturalidad crítica.

Abstract Objective to analyze, from the perspective of interculturality, the meanings attributed to HIV/AIDS that make up the repertoires of women in interethnic situations. Method a descriptive, retrospective study, developed based on the primary research database. The sample consisted of 642 records, from the application of the Word Association Test, with 386 non-indigenous women and 256 indigenous women from the municipality of Rio Tinto-PB. The responses learned from the AIDS-inducing stimulus were categorized according to group belonging, age and marital status. Data were processed by the IRaMuTeQ software, and analyzed using the Descending Hierarchical Classification, complementary specificities and factorial correspondence analysis techniques. The discussions were based on the three perspectives that encompass interculturality: relational, functional and critical. Results Three classes were formed: Biomedical Repertoire, Socio-emotional Repertoire and Behavioral Repertoire. Biomedical Repertoire was the most significant for both groups, being led by non-indigenous women; the socio-emotional and behavioral constituents were mostly represented by indigenous women. Final considerations and implications for practice in this interethnic setting, intercultural dialogue materializes in the exchange of a heterogeneous way of thinking-knowing-doing, which unfolds in the light of relational and functional interculturality, demonstrating embryonic movements towards critical interculturality.

Atitudes dos profissionais da saúde em relação ao cuidado em diabetes tipo 2 na atenção primária / Actitudes de los profesionales de la salud hacia elcuidado a la diabetes tipo 2 en la atención primaria / Attitudes of health professionals towards type 2 diabetes care in primary care

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as atitudes de profissionais que atuam na Atenção Primária à Saúde em relação ao cuidado de pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Método: estudo transversal realizado com 56 profissionais da atenção primária à saúde em Divinópolis, município do centro-oeste mineiro. As atitudes dos profissionais foram medidas por meio do instrumento Escala de Atitudes dos profissionais em relação ao diabetes Mellitus (EAP-DM) aplicado via plataforma web e-Surv. Os dados foram coletados entre maio e julho de 2019. Para análise, utilizaram-se os testes Mann Whitney e de Kruskal Wallis. Resultados: dos 56 profissionais, 36 (64,3%) possuíam menos de 10 anos de atuação na atenção primária e 40 (71,4%) concluíram especialização na área de atuação. Os participantes apresentaram atitudes positivas em relação ao diabetes, com pontuação média de 4,37 (DP: 0.22), variando entre 3,76 e 4,85. Médicos e psicólogos demonstraram atitudes menos favoráveis em relação aos cuidados em DM2, quando comparados aos enfermeiros e fisioterapeutas (valor de p <0,05). Conclusão: todos os profissionais apresentaram atitudes positivas e o nível destas atitudes variou conforme categoria profissional.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las actitudes de profesionales que actúan en la Atención Primaria de Salud con relación al cuidado de personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Método: estudio transversal realizado con 56 profesionales de la atención primaria a la salud en Divinópolis, municipio del centro-oeste del Estado de Minas Gerais-Brasil. Las actitudes de los profesionales fueron medidas a través del instrumento Escala de Actitudes de los profesionales respecto al diabetes Mellitus (EAP-DM) aplicado vía plataforma web e-Surv. Los datos fueron recogidos entre mayo y julio de 2019. Para el análisis, se utilizaron las pruebas Mann Whitney y de Kruskal Wallis. Resultados: de los 56 profesionales, 36 (64,3%) poseían menos de 10 años de actuación en la atención primaria y 40 (71,4%) concluyeron especialización en el área de actuación. Los participantes presentaron actitudes positivas con relación a la diabetes, con puntuación media de 4,37 (DP: 0.22), variando entre 3,76 y 4,85. Médicos y psicólogos demostraron actitudes menos favorables hacia los cuidados en DM2, cuando comparados a los enfermeros y fisioterapeutas (valor de p <0,05). Conclusión: todos los profesionales presentaron actitudes positivas y el nivel de estas actitudes varió según categoría profesional.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the attitudes of professionals working in Primary Health Care in relation to the care of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Method: cross-sectional study conducted with 56 primary health care professionals in Divinópolis, a city in the center-west of Minas Gerais. The attitudes of professionals were measured through the instrument Scale of Attitudes of professionals in relation to diabetes Mellitus (EAP-DM) applied via e-Surv web platform. Data were collected between May and July 2019. For analysis, the Mann Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests were used. Results: of the 56 professionals, 36 (64.3%) had less than 10 years of experience in primary care and 40 (71.4%) completed specialization in the area of activity. Participants showed positive attitudes towards diabetes, with a mean score of 4.37 (SD: 0.22), ranging from 3.76 to 4.85. Physicians and psychologists showed less favorable attitudes towards T2DM care when compared to nurses and physical therapists (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: all professionals showed positive attitudes and the level of these attitudes varied according to professional category.

Perfil epidemiológico da hanseníase no município de Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, 2011 a 2019 / Epidemiological profile of leprosy in the municipality of Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, 2011 to 2019

Objetivo: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico da hanseníase no município de Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, entre os anos de 2011 a 2019. Método: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, descritivo, que utilizou dados secundários disponíveis em acesso aberto na Sala de Apoio à Gestão Estratégica e no Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde referentes aos casos confirmados e notificados da hanseníase de residentes no município de Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, no período de 2011 a 2019. Resultados: No período do estudo foram notificados 57 casos de hanseníase, todos em pessoas acima de 20 anos, sendo a maioria em homens (50,9%), de raça/cor parda (49,1%) e com ensino fundamental incompleto (26,3%). A forma clínica predominante foi a dimorfa (38,4%) seguido pela tuberculoide (29,8%), classificação operacional multibacilar (56,2%), sendo que a maioria dos casos (93%) deram entrada no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) como caso novo. Quanto à avaliação do grau de incapacidade física no diagnóstico, 7% (n=4) dos casos foram notificados com grau 2. No que se refere ao tipo de saída, 87,9% dos casos tiveram alta por cura. Conclusão: Os dados epidemiológicos apontam que o diagnóstico da hanseníase em Divinópolis está sendo realizado tardiamente, o que contribui para manutenção de uma prevalência oculta (AU)

Objective: to analyze the epidemiological profile of leprosy in the municipality of Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, between the years 2011 to 2019. Method: this is an ecological, descriptive study, which used secondary data available in open access in the Strategic Management Support Room and the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System regarding the confirmed and notified cases of leprosy of residents in the municipality of Divinópolis, Minas Gerais, in the period from 2011 to 2019. Results: during the study period, 57 cases of leprosy were reported, all in people over 20 years old, mostly in men (50.9%), of brown race/color (49.1%) and with incomplete elementary school education (26.3%). The predominant clinical form was dimorphic (38.4%) followed by tuberculoid (29.8%), multibacillary operational classification (56.2%), and most cases (93%) were entered in the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) as new cases. As for the evaluation of the degree of physical disability at diagnosis, 7% (n=4) of cases were reported as grade 2. Regarding the type of output, 87.9% of cases were discharged for cure. Conclusion: the epidemiological data indicate that the diagnosis of leprosy in Divinópolis is being made late, which contributes to the maintenance of a hidden prevalence (AU)

Comparison of Patients Monoinfected with Hepatitis C Virus and Coinfected with Hepatitis B/C in the Amazon Region of Brazil.

Hepatitis B and C are the most common causes of liver disease worldwide. The two infections share many similarities such as a global distribution, the same routes of transmission, hepatotropism, and the ability to cause chronic infection. The consequences of HBV/HCV coinfection are still being studied. The aim of this study is to describe and compare the epidemiological and laboratory profile and the degree of hepatic fibrosis between HCV-monoinfected and HBV/HCV-coinfected patients in the Brazilian Amazon region. ELISA tests were used for the investigation of HBV and HCV serological markers, and molecular tests were used for the detection and genotyping of these viruses. Additionally, transaminases were measured, and a FibroScan was performed for the analysis of liver function. A total of 328 patients with HCV participated in the study. The serological prevalence of HCV/HBV coinfection was 10.77%. A comparison of risk factors between the monoinfected and coinfected groups showed that illicit drug use, sharing sharp instruments, and tattooing/piercing are significantly associated with coinfection. The monoinfected patients had a higher HCV load than the coinfected patients. A viral interaction was observed in this study in which the presence of a coinfection with HBV appears to influence HCV replication. Further studies are necessary to better understand this interaction.

Color stability of a resin nanoceramic after surface treatments, adhesive cementation, and thermal aging.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Whether color changes in resin nanoceramic (RNC) restorations can occur because of material and adhesive interface degradation is unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the color of RNCs submitted to surface treatments, cementation, and aging. MATERIAL AND METHODS: RNC specimens (N=120) were produced with a thickness of 0.5 mm. The No Treatment-High/Low Translucency (NT-HT/LT) groups did not receive treatments; the Airborne-particle Abrasion-High/Low Translucency (AA-HT/LT) groups were airborne-particle abraded, and the Airborne-particle Abrasion Silane-High/Low Translucency (AASIL-HT/LT) groups received airborne-particle abrasion and a silane agent. Single specimens (n=60) were measured on a spectrophotometer before and after aging (50 000 cycles). The other half was mounted on composite resin bases and measured. The cleaned specimens were cemented (C) on the bases and measured (T0 and T1). ΔE00, ΔL', ΔC', and ΔH' were obtained by using the CIEDE2000 formula and analyzed by using ANOVA and repeated-measures ANOVA. Multiple comparisons were made by using the Tukey HSD test (α=.05). RESULTS: For single specimens, the greatest ΔE00 values were observed in the AA-T1-LT resin (5.87). For mounted and cemented conditions, the greatest ΔE00 values were found in the AA-C-T1-LT resin (1.74), and the ΔE00 ranged from 0.75 (NT-OL) to 1.44 (AASIL-C-T1) for the HT resin (P<.001). The mounted and cemented specimens tended toward red and yellow, whereas lighter specimens were observed after cementation. CONCLUSIONS: Aging affected the color of the RNCs evaluated. The single specimens showed greater color differences than the cemented specimens, reinforcing the importance of the adhesive cement in the optical behavior of thin restorations.

Low levels of sulfur and cobalt during the pre- and periconceptional periods affect the oocyte yield of donors and the DNA methylome of preimplantation bovine embryos.

Maternal nutrition is critical in mammalian development, influencing the epigenetic reprogramming of gametes, embryos, and fetal programming. We evaluated the effects of different levels of sulfur (S) and cobalt (Co) in the maternal diet throughout the pre- and periconceptional periods on the biochemical and reproductive parameters of the donors and the DNA methylome of the progeny in Bos indicus cattle. The low-S/Co group differed from the control with respect to homocysteine, folic acid, B12, insulin growth factor 1, and glucose. The oocyte yield was lower in heifers from the low S/Co group than that in the control heifers. Embryos from the low-S/Co group exhibited 2320 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) across the genome compared with the control embryos. We also characterized candidate DMRs linked to the DNMT1 and DNMT3B genes in the blood and sperm cells of the adult progeny. A DMR located in DNMT1 that was identified in embryos remained differentially methylated in the sperm of the progeny from the low-S/Co group. Therefore, we associated changes in specific compounds in the maternal diet with DNA methylation modifications in the progeny. Our results help to elucidate the impact of maternal nutrition on epigenetic reprogramming in livestock, opening new avenues of research to study the effect of disturbed epigenetic patterns in early life on health and fertility in adulthood. Considering that cattle are physiologically similar to humans with respect to gestational length, our study may serve as a model for studies related to the developmental origin of health and disease in humans.

Effects of vitamin A supplementation on ovarian development of Astyanax lacustris (Teleostei: Characidae) during the non-breeding season.

Vitamin A (VA) is essential for fish reproduction, however, knowledge of VA requirement of broodstock fish is scarce. We investigated the physiological role of VA supplementation in the ovarian maturation of Astyanax lacustris throughout the non-breeding season. Adult females were distributed in five nutritional treatments, which differed by the amount of VA supplemented in a plant-based diet: T1 = 0, T2 = 1800, T3 = 3600, T4 = 7200, and T5 = 14,400 IU kg-1 of VA for 60 days after a period of 16 days feeding on a diet poor in VA to reduce body VA content. Plasma total lipids (TL), lipoproteins, and 17ß-estradiol (E2) levels were measured after 30 and 60 days. Somatic indexes and morphophysiological ovarian parameters were calculated and VA concentration was analyzed in the ovaries and liver after 60 days. VA supplementation did not increase the concentration of this nutrient in the liver and ovaries. E2 plasma level increased in animals fed on 3600 IU kg-1 of VA (T3) after 60 days and females from T5 group presented a higher RF after 60 days. Ovarian development increased after 60 days compared to that after 30 days, confirmed by the higher gonadosomatic index (all groups). The supplementation with the highest VA level increased RF and decreased plasma TL (after 30 days) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (after 60 days) concentrations, showing a potential to improve reproduction even during the non-breeding season; however, its nutritional requirements of VA could be higher.

Fixed-time artificial insemination protocols on brazilian locally adapted breed gilts on ovulatory response and embryo production.

The aim of this study was to use estrus synchronization protocols to favor fixed-time artificial insemination and consequently fixed-time embryo collection, and increase embryo production using eCG, in gits. In a cross over design, nine Piau breed gilts were subjected to 18 days of oral progesterone; P4 group did not receive any further; GnRH group received 25µg of GnRH 104 hours after the final application of P4; and eCG+GnRH group received 1000IU of eCG 24 hours after the final P4 in addition to GnRH for subsequent embryo collection, that was performed six days after first AI, by laparotomy. Artificial insemination was performed after 12 and 24 hours of estrus in P4 group, and 128 and 144 hours in GnRH and eCG+GnRH groups. The number of CL (8.6±3.9; 8.3±2.1; 26.7±15.0) and anovulatory follicles (4.3±3.7; 3.9±3.9; 17.2±9.5) was higher in the eCG+GnRH gilts (P<0.05). However, the use of 1000 IU of eCG reduced (P<0.05) the number of total structures (5.2±3.6; 5.1±3.1; 1.7±2.7), viable embryos (5.0±3.5; 4.8±3.3; 0.4±0.7), freezable embryos (3.6±3.4; 3.3±3.8; 0.1±0.3) and recovery rate (63.7±38.9; 58.6±24.7; 5.38±9.5). P4 and GnRH protocols were effective in the production and recovery of embryos. However, the use of 1000 IU of eCG, 24 hours after P4, was not effective in promoting the production of embryos, although the animals had superovulated.

Influence of tropical upright pasture structural and chemical characteristics on lamb grazing time.

Tropical pasture canopy characteristics can alter lamb ingestive behavior. Our study evaluated the ingestive behavior of young lambs in different tropical pastures to identify which variables interfere in their grazing activity. Two years of study were carried out with 54 weaned lambs distributed in three different pasture canopies: 1) monoculture of an upright grass, guinea grass (Panicum maximum; GG); 2) monoculture of a shrubby legume pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan; PP) and 3) contiguous paddock with half GG and half PP (GP). The experiment was set out in a randomized complete block design (3 blocks). Lamb ingestive behavior was observed from sunrise to sunset with records every 5 minutes. To identify the main variables that affected lamb grazing activity, a multivariate analysis of the Decision Tree was performed. Our results showed that there was no difference in the ingestive behavior parameters of young lambs in different canopies (P > 0.05). There was interaction among the canopies and the experimental periods for the variables idleness time and biting rate (P ≤ 0.05). Lambs in all canopies showed more idleness time in the first evaluation period. Lambs in canopies containing grass (GG and GP) exhibited greater bites per minute throughout the experimental period. Lamb grazing time increased 40% as experimental period progressed and plants matured. The Decision Tree identified leaf:stem ratio as the variable that most influenced lamb grazing time in GG and GP canopies while in the PP, grazing time was directly related to canopy height. The behavior of young lambs on tropical pasture is variable as there is a change in the behavioral response to canopy characteristics over time. In addition, the grazing time of these animals can be estimated by means of variables related to canopy structural characteristics (leaf:stem ratio and height) together with chemical variables.

Segurança do doente na atenção primária: perceção de profissionais de equipas de saúde da família / Patient safety in primary health care: the perceptions of professionals working in family health teams / Seguridad del paciente en atención primaria: percepción de los profesionales de los equipos de salud familiar

Resumo Enquadramento: Considerando que muitos cuidados acontecem na atenção primária à saúde, é necessária uma melhor compreensão da segurança do doente neste nível de atenção. Objetivo: Analisar a perceção de profissionais de saúde que atuam em equipas de saúde da família acerca da segurança do doente. Metodologia: Estudo exploratório com abordagem qualitativa. Participaram 23 profissionais (enfermeiros, técnicos de enfermagem, médicos e agentes comunitários) de seis equipas de estratégia de saúde da família no Brasil. Os dados foram recolhidos através de entrevistas com guião semiestruturado. Utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo temática de Bardin. Resultados: Da análise dos dados emergiram duas categorias temáticas: (Des) Conhecimento sobre os princípios da segurança do doente e Atuação dos profissionais e estratégias para a promoção da segurança do doente Conclusão: A segurança do doente na atenção primária à saúde ainda é um tema que apresenta fragilidade de conhecimento por parte dos profissionais do estudo. Os enfermeiros foram os únicos profissionais que destacaram a repercussão atual da temática.

Abstract Background: Given that a considerable amount of care is provided in primary health care settings, a better understanding of patient safety at this level of care is essential. Objective: To explore the perceptions of patient safety among healthcare professionals working in family health teams. Methodology: An exploratory study, using a qualitative approach, was carried out with 23 health professionals (nurses, nurse technicians, physicians, and community health agents) from six family health strategy teams in Brazil. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Bardin's thematic content analysis method. Results: Two thematic categories emerged from the data analysis: (Lack of) Knowledge about patient safety principles and Professionals' actions and strategies for promoting patient safety. Conclusion: Patient safety in primary health care is an issue still poorly understood among the study participants. The nurses were the only professionals who highlighted its current impact.

Resumen Marco contextual: Considerando que gran parte de los cuidados se realiza en la atención primaria, se necesita una mejor comprensión de la seguridad del paciente en este nivel de atención. Objetivo: Analizar la percepción de los profesionales sanitarios que trabajan en los equipos de salud familiar sobre la seguridad del paciente. Metodología: Estudio exploratorio con enfoque cualitativo. Participaron 23 profesionales (enfermeros, técnicos de enfermería, médicos y trabajadores comunitarios) de seis equipos de estrategia de salud familiar de Brasil. Los datos se recogieron mediante entrevistas con un guion semiestructurado. Se utilizó la técnica de análisis de contenido temático de Bardin. Resultados: Del análisis de los datos surgieron dos categorías temáticas: (Des)conocimiento de los principios de la seguridad del paciente y Actuación de los profesionales y estrategias para la promoción de la seguridad del paciente. Conclusión: La seguridad del paciente en la atención primaria sigue siendo un tema que presenta cierta fragilidad de conocimiento por parte de los profesionales del estudio. Los enfermeros fueron los únicos profesionales que destacaron la repercusión actual del tema.

Ingestive Behavior of Young Lambs on Contrasting Tropical Grass Sward Heights.

The efficiency of grazing ruminant production systems is directly associated to the animals' ingestive behavior, and to structural characteristics of the pastures. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ingestive behavior of young lambs grazing three different heights of Capim Aruana (Panicum maximum). The experiment was carried out in two consecutive years, in which 30 tester lambs (4-5 months old) were equally divided into three paddocks (treatments) corresponding to different average sward heights of Aruana grass: (1) Tall-75 cm; (2) Medium-50 cm; and (3) Short-25 cm in a randomized block design. Ingestive behavior assessments were carried out every 28 days through 10-min observations of the main activities of the animals (grazing, ruminating, idling) and biting rate, from sunrise to sunset. In addition, the productive and qualitative characteristics of the pastures were assessed. Despite differences in pasture structure, grazing time (GT) and idling time were similar among treatments (P = 0.4266 and P = 0.2939, respectively). The shortest ruminating time (RT, P = 0.0181) was recorded in the treatment of lowest sward height. Lambs grazing on this treatment also showed 23% more bites per minute (P= < 0.0001) than animals in the Tall and Medium treatments. A Decision Tree analysis was performed for GT, identifying in a hierarchical order that the initial weight of the animals and sward height explained 62% (R 2 = 0.621) of the variation, representing the variables with the greatest influence on GT. Initial body weight explained 48% of the model. Thus, our research shows that the different sward heights of Capim Aruana mainly alter the lamb's RT and biting rate, and that the animals' initial body weight is a key factor influencing GT, given that this variable makes lambs more susceptible to changes in sward height.

Determining minimum numbers of di-allelic diagnostic markers required to identify introgressions in diploid cross-species hybrid individuals from different types of inter- and backcross populations.

Cross-species hybridizations have been extensively used to generate animals and plants better suited for draft and food and fiber production since Roman times, and are still important in current agricultural practices with growing uses especially in aquaculture. Diagnostic tools based on marker panels with sufficient numbers of markers for accurate identification of cross-species hybrid individuals from intercrossed and backcrossed populations are increasingly necessary for practical, accurate species-purity certification and management of commercial broodstocks. Minimal numbers of di-allelic markers with species-specific alleles required to accurately identify hybrid individuals in intercrossed and advanced backcrossed populations were estimated using power analysis, and ranged from 5 to 191 (α = .05), and from 7 to 293 (α = .01), considering backcross 1 (BC1) to BC6 populations, respectively. Numbers of markers required for accurate hybrid identification observed in simulated BC1 to BC6 populations ranged from 5 to 1,131 and 7 to 8,065, considering error rates ≤ 5% and ≤ 1%, respectively. Estimated and observed numbers of diagnostic markers required for accurate hybrid identification up to four generations of backcrossing fall within practical operational limits of most commercial platforms currently available for genotyping low-density SNP marker panels. Therefore, cost-effective assay panels could be developed to provide practical tools for accurate species-purity certification.

Presence of resveratrol in wild Arachis species adds new value to this overlooked genetic resource.

Genus Arachis comprises 82 species distributed into nine taxonomic sections. Most Arachis species are wild and those from Arachis section have been evaluated for many traits, since they can be used in peanut breeding. Most of the remaining species have been neglected and understudied. Recently, resveratrol content and expression of a resveratrol synthase gene were analyzed in wild Arachis species. Our aim was to expand the knowledge about resveratrol in Arachis, analyzing species from five sections and evaluating the expression of a resveratrol synthase (RS) gene responsive to ultraviolet light (UV) along the time. In a first experiment, the resveratrol content after UV induction was analyzed on detached leaves of 12 species from five sections. Variation was observed among species and accessions of the same species. The highest contents were found in A. lignosa (843.9 µg/g) and A. triseminata (745.4 µg/g). In a second experiment, RS expression and resveratrol content in four species and one synthetic amphidiploid were analyzed at 0, 7, 15 and 24 h pos induction (hpi) with UV. In most genotypes, the highest RS expression level was at 0 hpi, whereas the highest resveratrol content was at 15 hpi. Our results suggested that resveratrol is ubiquitously present in the genus Arachis with different capacities of synthesis among species and accessions in response to ultraviolet treatment. Presence of resveratrol in wild Arachis species adds new value to these genetic resources.

How Indigenous and non-Indigenous women look at AIDS: convergences and singularities.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the way AIDS is configured in the eyes of Indigenous and non-Indigenous women. METHOD: A descriptive study implementing a mixed approach, conducted in three indigenous villages and in a surrounding municipality. A semi-structured interview script was used, with identification data and questions related to the disease perception, the way of seeing and feeling AIDS. The corpus was processed by IRaMuTeQ software and analyzed by Descending Hierarchical Classification, Content Analysis and Word Cloud. RESULTS: A total of 164 Potiguara indigenous women and 386 non-Indigenous women participated. Three classes were formed: "AIDS and its repercussions", "Social aspects, spirituality and attributed feelings" and "Transmission modes". There was a better understanding of the etiology, treatment and AIDS transmission modes among non- Indigenous women, while the content mainly surrounds negative elements such as death, fear, sadness and prejudice among Indigenous women. CONCLUSION: The knowledge produced in interactions were formed according to the social context and gain its own significance. Such considerations may contribute to the direction of strategic HIV/AIDS control policies focusing on ethnic/cultural specificities.

Intervenções do enfermeiro na atenção e prevenção da depressão puerperal / Nurse's interventions in the care and prevention of puerperal depression

Objetivo: identificar a produção científica sobre as ações/intervenções que podem ser desenvolvidas pelo enfermeiro na atenção e prevenção de danos da depressão puerperal. Método: trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico, descritivo, tipo revisão integrativa, entre 2009 a 2018, nas Bases de Dados MEDLINE, LILACS, BDENF e BVS. Adotou-se a estratégia PICO. Sistematizaram-se os dados pela técnica da Análise de Conteúdo na modalidade Análise Temática Categorial. Resultados: compôs-se a amostra por 11 artigos. Identificaram-se as seguintes ações/intervenções: identificar sinais e sintomas da depressão puerperal; realizar consulta de pré-natal; realizar educação em saúde; incentivar o parto normal; apoiar condições psicológicas; encaminhar para serviço especializado. Conclusão: conclui-se que há a necessidade de que o enfermeiro tenha conhecimento sobre a depressão puerperal para, assim, acompanhar a mulher de maneira integral, a partir do período gestacional até o puerpério, devendo ofertar uma assistência adequada.(AU)

Objective: to identify the scientific production on the actions/interventions that can be developed by nurses in the care and prevention of damage from puerperal depression. Method: this is a bibliographic, descriptive, integrative review type study, between 2009 and 2018, in the MEDLINE, LILACS, BDENF and BVS databases. The PICO strategy was adopted. The data were systematized using the Content Analysis technique in the category Thematic Analysis. Results: the sample was composed of 11 articles. The following actions/interventions were identified: identifying signs and symptoms of puerperal depression; perform prenatal consultation; carry out health education; encourage normal birth; support psychological conditions; refer to specialized service. Conclusion: it is concluded that there is a need for nurses to have knowledge about puerperal depression in order, thus, to accompany the woman in a comprehensive way, from the gestational period until the puerperium, and must offer adequate assistance.(AU)

Objetivo: identificar la producción científica sobre las acciones / intervenciones que pueden desarrollar el enfermero en el cuidado y prevención del daño por depresión puerperal. Método: este es un estudio de tipo de revisión bibliográfica, descriptiva e integradora, entre 2009 y 2018, en las bases de datos MEDLINE, LILACS, BDENF y BVS. La estrategia PICO fue adoptada. Los datos se sistematizaron utilizando la técnica de Análisis de Contenido en la modalidad Análisis Temático Categorial. Resultados: la muestra estuvo compuesta por 11 artículos. Se identificaron las siguientes acciones / intervenciones: identificación de signos y síntomas de depresión puerperal; realizar consultas prenatales; llevar a cabo educación sanitaria; alentar el parto normal; apoyar condiciones psicológicas; remitir a servicio especializado. Conclusión: se concluye que es necesario que el enfermero tenga conocimiento sobre la depresión puerperal para poder acompañar a la mujer de manera integral, desde el período gestacional hasta el puerperio, y debe ofrecer asistencia adecuada.(AU)

Population density of Trichoderma fungi in natural environments and agrosystems of a Cerrado area / Densidade populacional de fungos do gênero Trichoderma em ambientais naturais e agrossistemas de uma área de Cerrado

Abstract: Soil microorganisms present a great diversity, involving taxonomically distinct groups that play a role in the decomposition of organic matter, nutrient cycling, soil aggregation, among others. In this diversity, the fungi of the genus Trichoderma have been successful plant pathogen biocontrol agents, as plant growth promoters and as inducers of plant resistance to diseases. In addition, they are important in the sustainability of natural ecosystems. Aiming to verify the population density of Trichoderma fungi in natural environments and agroecosystems, in Cerrado area, samples of soils and roots from native vegetation and agroecological production system were collected in the Federal District, Brazil. The collection points were randomly selected, and each soil or root sample was individually wrapped. The soil adhered to the roots was removed for evaluations. Serial sample dilutions and number of Colony Forming Units (CFUs) of Trichoderma isolates were performed. The results showed that the number of CFU varied depending on the plant and location evaluated. The replacement of native vegetation by organic farming systems did not result in a significant reduction in this number.

Resumo: Os microrganismos de solo apresentam uma grande diversidade, envolvendo grupos taxonomicamente distintos que desempenham papel na decomposição da matéria orgânica, ciclagem de nutrientes, agregação dos solos, dentre outros. Nesta diversidade, os fungos do gênero Trichoderma tem apresentado sucesso como agentes de biocontrole de fitopatógenos, como promotores de crescimento de plantas e, ainda, como indutores de resistência de plantas a doenças. Além disso, são importantes na sustentabilidade dos ecossistemas naturais. Com o objetivo de verificar a densidade populacional de fungos do gênero Trichoderma em ambientes naturais e agroecossistemas, em área de Cerrado, amostras de solos e raízes oriundas de vegetação nativa e de sistema de produção agroecológica foram coletadas na região do Distrito Federal, Brasil. Os pontos de coleta foram selecionados aleatoriamente, e cada amostra de solo ou raiz foi acondicionada individualmente. O solo aderido às raízes foi removido para as avaliações. Foram realizadas diluições seriadas das amostras e contagem do número de Unidades Formadoras de Colônias (UFCs) de isolados de Trichoderma. Os resultados mostraram que o número de UFC variou dependendo da planta e da localidade avaliada. A substituição da vegetação nativa por sistemas de cultivo orgânicos não resultou em importante redução neste número.

How Indigenous and non-Indigenous women look at AIDS: convergences and singularities* / La mirada de mujeres indias y no indias acerca del sida: convergencias y singularidades / O olhar de mulheres índias e não índias sobre a aids: convergências e singularidades*

Abstract Objective: To analyze the way AIDS is configured in the eyes of Indigenous and non-Indigenous women. Method: A descriptive study implementing a mixed approach, conducted in three indigenous villages and in a surrounding municipality. A semi-structured interview script was used, with identification data and questions related to the disease perception, the way of seeing and feeling AIDS. The corpus was processed by IRaMuTeQ software and analyzed by Descending Hierarchical Classification, Content Analysis and Word Cloud. Results: A total of 164 Potiguara indigenous women and 386 non-Indigenous women participated. Three classes were formed: "AIDS and its repercussions", "Social aspects, spirituality and attributed feelings" and "Transmission modes". There was a better understanding of the etiology, treatment and AIDS transmission modes among non- Indigenous women, while the content mainly surrounds negative elements such as death, fear, sadness and prejudice among Indigenous women. Conclusion: The knowledge produced in interactions were formed according to the social context and gain its own significance. Such considerations may contribute to the direction of strategic HIV/AIDS control policies focusing on ethnic/cultural specificities.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar el modo cómo el sida se configura bajo la mirada de mujeres indias y no indias. Método: Estudio descriptivo, con abordaje mixto, realizado en tres aldeas indígenas y en municipio de las cercanías de las aldeas. Se utilizó un guión de entrevista semiestructurado, en donde figuraban datos de identificación y preguntas relacionadas con la percepción de la enfermedad, modo de ver y sentir el sida. El corpus fue procesado por el software IRaMuTeQ y analizado por la Clasificación Jerárquica Descendente, Análisis de Contenido y Nube de Palabras. Resultados: Participaron 164 mujeres de la etnia potiguara y 386 mujeres no indias. Se conformaron tres clases: "sida y sus repercusiones", "aspectos sociales, espiritualidad y sentimientos atribuidos" y "modos de trasmisión". Entre las mujeres no indias, existe una mejor comprensión en cuanto a la etiología, el tratamiento y los modos de trasmisión del sida. Entre las mujeres indias, los contenidos abarcan especialmente los elementos negativos, tales como: muerte, miedo, tristeza y prejuicio. Conclusión: Se presume que los conocimientos producidos en las interacciones se moldeen de acuerdo con el contexto social y ganen significación propia. Dichas consideraciones pueden contribuir a la dirección de las políticas estratégicas de control del VIH/Sida con énfasis en las especificidades étnicas/culturales.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar o modo como a aids se configura sob o olhar de mulheres índias e não índias. Método: Estudo descritivo, com abordagem mista, realizado em três aldeias indígenas e em município circunvizinho às aldeias. Utilizou-se de um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado, constando dados de identificação e perguntas relacionadas à percepção da doença, modo de ver e sentir a aids. O corpus foi processado pelo software IRaMuTeQ e analisado pela Classificação Hierárquica Descendente, Análise de Conteúdo e Nuvem de Palavras. Resultados: Participaram 164 mulheres da etnia potiguara e 386 mulheres não índias. Foram conformadas três classes: "aids e suas repercussões", "aspectos sociais, espiritualidade e sentimentos atribuídos" e "modos de transmissão". Entre as mulheres não índias, há uma melhor compreensão quanto à etiologia, tratamento e modos de transmissão da aids. Entre as mulheres índias, os conteúdos circundam principalmente em elementos negativos, tais como: morte, medo, tristeza e preconceito. Conclusão: Presume-se que os conhecimentos produzidos nas interações se moldem de acordo com o contexto social e ganhem significação própria. Tais considerações podem contribuir para o direcionamento de políticas estratégicas de controle do HIV/Aids com foco nas especificidades étnicas/culturais.