Como posso ajudar? Sentimentos e experiências do familiar cuidador de pacientes oncológicos / How can I help? Feelings and experiences of the familiar caregiver of cancer patients

INTRODUÇÃO: O câncer é reconhecido como uma doença familiar, não apenas sob o ponto de vista genético, mas pelo impacto que gera. É uma doença que exige mudanças e reorganização na vida cotidiana, incorporando os familiares nos cuidados que o tratamento exige. OBJETIVO: Compreender os sentimentos de familiares cuidadores ao enfrentarem o diagnóstico, o tratamento e a evolução do câncer em um ente querido. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa qualitativa, realizada com sete familiares cuidadores de parentes com câncer e em tratamento; no segundo semestre de 2011, em uma unidade de oncologia na cidade de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas, que foram gravadas, transcritas e analisadas pela técnica de análise do conteúdo. RESULTADOS: Os familiares demonstraram sentimentos relacionados à mudança de vida, angústias e privações que o tratamento do câncer impõe. Declararam-se cansados, estressados, amedrontados e chorosos, vivendo uma grande oscilação emocional. Porém, na tentativa de superar o sofrimento, os mesmos se atem à religiosidade. CONCLUSÃO: O cuidado ao paciente oncológico não deve ser centrado apenas no doente ou na doença, mas na família que o rodeia, requerendo um cuidado humanizado, com apoio físico e psicossocial, proporcionando à família qualidade de vida durante o tratamento.

INTRODUCTION: The cancer is recognized as a family disease, not just under the genetic point of view, but also by the impact it generates. It is a disease that requires changes and reorganization in everyday life, incorporating the relatives in care that the treatment requires. OBJECTIVE: To understand the feelings of family caregivers coping diagnosis, treatment and the development of cancer in a loved one. Methods: Qualitative research conducted with seven family members' caregivers of relatives with cancer and under treatment; in the second half of 2011, in an Oncology unit in the city of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The data were collected through interviews, which were recorded, transcribed and analyzed by the content analysis technique. RESULTS: The relatives have shown life-changingrelated feelings, troubles and privations that the cancer treatment requires. They declared himself tired, stressed, frightened and weeping, living a big emotional swing. However, in an attempt to overcome the suffering, they hold on to religion. CONCLUSION: The care of the oncological patient should not be only focused on the patient or the disease, but also in the family surrounding him, requiring a humanized care with physical and psychosocial support, providing the family quality of life during treatment.

Prevalência e fatores associados à hipertensão em trabalhadores do transporte coletivo urbano no Brasil / Prevalence and factors associated with hypertension in urban public transport workers in Brazil

Contexto: Os trabalhadores do transporte coletivo urbano têm grande importância social nas cidades. Estão expostos a condições de trabalho que causam adoecimento, ganhando destaque as doenças cardiovasculares. Objetivo: Caracterizar a produção científica sobre prevalência e fatores associados à hipertensão em trabalhadores do transporte coletivo urbano no Brasil. Métodos: Revisão integrativa realizada em abril e maio de 2016, nas bases de dados Scientific Eletronic Library Online e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, cujo acesso se deu por meio da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, com a utilização dos descritores: hipertensão; pressão arterial alta; doenças cardiovasculares; saúde do trabalhador; epidemiologia; fatores de risco; e da palavra-chave "motoristas de ônibus". Foram selecionados artigos publicados entre 2002 e 2016, em português, totalizando 13 trabalhos. Resultados: A maioria dos estudos era do tipo transversal, publicada em 2006, conduzida na Região Sudeste do Brasil. As prevalências da hiper-tensão variaram entre 5,7 e 49,2%. Os fatores associados encontrados foram: obesidade; problemas psiquiátricos menores; baixo consumo de sal; consumo de gordura animal; idade acima de 46 anos; e vibração no ônibus. Conclusão: A produção científica acerca do tema é restrita, reforçando a necessidade de aprofundamento no assunto. As prevalências encontradas, por vezes, foram alarmantes. Destacaram-se fatores associados relativos ao estilo de vida e trabalho, características do indivíduo e aqueles ligados diretamente ao posto de trabalho. Considerar a hipertensão como um fator ligado ao trabalho nessa classe ocupacional é importante, evidenciando a necessidade de instituir um programa permanente de melhoria da organização do trabalho para promover saúde.

Background: Urban public transport workers have major social relevance in cities. These workers are exposed to work conditions that cause illness, cardiovascular diseases in particular. Aim: To characterize the scientific literature on the prevalence of and factors associated with hypertension in urban public transport workers in Brazil. Methods: Integrative review conducted in April and May 2016 in databases Scientific Electronic Library Online and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, accessed via Virtual Health Library, using the following keywords: hypertension; high blood pressure; cardiovascular diseases; occupational health; epidemiology; risk factors; and "bus drivers" in Portuguese. Studies published in Portuguese from 2002 to 2016 were selected, resulting 13 articles. Results: Most of the studies had cross-sectional design, had been published in 2006 and conducted in the Southeastern region of Brazil. The prevalence of hypertension ranged from 5.7 to 49.2%. The associated factors found included: obesity; minor psychiatric disorders; low salt consumption; consumption of animal fat; age over 46 years old; and bus vibration. Conclusion: The scientific literature on the analyzed subject is scant, which reinforces the need for more thorough studies. The prevalence rates found were sometimes alarming. Lifestyle and individual work characteristics, as well as factors directly related to work stood out. Considering hypertension as a work-related factor is relevant for this class of workers, emphasizing the need to develop a permanent program for work organization improvement to promote their health.

Percepções sobre instrumentos de coleta de um Sistema de Informação / Perceptions of instruments to collect an information system / Las percepciones de los instrumentos para recogerun sistema de información

Esse estudo buscou analisar como os profissionais da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) percebem os instrumentos de coleta do Sistema de Informação da Atenção Básica (SIAB) e as utilizam. Estudo de abordagem qualitativa, onde se entrevistou 61 profissionais de equipes de saúde da família de um município de médio porte. A coleta de dados foi realizada baseando-se em roteiro semiestruturado por meio de entrevistas gravadas. Empregou-se a Análise de Conteúdo, modalidade Temático-categorial, para análise dos dados. Verificou-se que as fichas A e D não são reconhecidas em sua importância pelos profissionais da ESF e seu preenchimento é inadequado, gerando informações de baixa qualidade. O SIAB deve evoluir numa perspectiva que vai além do aprimoramento tecnológico e da atualização/adequação de seus instrumentos de coleta. Deve ter seu fluxo estruturado a partir do envolvimento da comunidade e equipe multidisciplinar e estabelecer a cultura do planejamento local a partir dos dados coletados...

This study investigates how the professionals of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) perceive their collection instruments from the Primary Care Information System (SIAB) and use them. A qualitative study, where we interviewed 61 professional teams of family health from a medium-sized municipality. Data collection was performed based on semi-structured script through recorded interviews. We applied content analysis, thematic-categorical mode, for data analysis. It was found that the A and D records are not recognized its importance by FHT professionals and their fulfillment is inappropriate, generating low quality information. The SIAB should evolve a perspective that goes beyond the technological improvement and updating / adjusting its collection instruments. Must have structured their flow from community involvement and multidisciplinary team and establish the culture of local planning from the data collected...

Este estudio investiga como los profesionales de la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia (ESF) perciben sus instrumentos de recoleccióndel Sistema de Información de Atención Primaria (SIAB) y losutilizan. Um estúdio cualitativo, donde se entrevistó a 61 equipos profesionales de salud de la familia de um municipio de tamaño medio. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo sobre la base de guión semi estructurado a través de entrevistas grabadas. Se aplico elanálisis de contenido, modalidad temática categórica, para elanálisis de datos. Se encontró que los registros A y D no se reconocen su importancia por los profesionales del ESF y su cumplimiento es inadecuado, la generación de información de baja calidad. El SIAB debe evolucionar una perspectiva que va más allá de lamejora tecnológica y actualización / adaptación de sus instrumentos de recolección. Debe haber estrutura do suflujo de participación de la comunidad y el equipo multidisciplinario y establecerla cultura de la planificación local de los datos recogidos...

Longitudinal evaluation of simulated toothbrushing on the roughness and optical stability of microfilled, microhybrid and nanofilled resin-based composites.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of simulated toothbrushing over ten weeks on the roughness and optical stability (colour, translucency and gloss) of microfilled - Mf (Durafil VS), microhybrid - Mh (Empress Direct) and nanofilled - Nf (Z 350) resin-based composites (RBC). METHODS: The roughness, colour, translucency and gloss of each RBC were measured before and after storage in distilled water (DW) and propionic acid (PA) for ten weeks. The specimens were removed from the media each week, submitted to toothbrushing simulation and the properties measured. The obtained data were analyzed using a multifactor analysis of variance (MANOVA) and Tukey's HSD test (α=0.05). RESULTS: The roughness significantly increased after ten weeks for the three RBCs (p<0.05), with the final values of roughness presenting no statistical differences among them (p>0.05). Only Mf and Nf immersed in DW and Mh immersed in PA presented a change in colour after ten weeks (p<0.05), although the change in colour was lower after immersion in PA for the three RBCs (p<0.05). None of the RBCs presented significant changes in translucency after ten weeks (p>0.05). Only Mh immersed in DW presented gloss stability after ten weeks (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Toothbrushing increased the roughness and diminished the gloss of the three RBCs. The translucency was not influenced by the toothbrushing. The immersion in propionic acid produced lower alterations in colour than did immersion in distilled water. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: In general, the three RBCs presented similar optical behaviours after toothbrushing over ten weeks. Thus, it is possible that anterior restorations produced with these materials will not present perceptible differences over time.

Prevalence of oral trauma in Para-Pan American Games athletes.

The aim of this cross-sectional epidemiological survey was to assess the prevalence of oral trauma in athletes representing 25 countries competing at the most recent Para-Pan American Games (III PARAPAN) held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The study was approved by the appropriate institutional review board. The examiners participated in standardization and calibration training sessions before the field phase began. Invitations were sent to >1200 participating athletes competing in eight sports and to the Medical Committee of the Para-Pan American Sports Organization before and during the III PARAPAN. A convenience sample of 120 athletes was recruited. After signing an informed consent, all athletes answered a questionnaire. Data were collected at the clinical examination and recorded in a specific trauma form. The mean age of the athletes was 32.5 years. Males comprised 79.2% of the sample; females 20.8%. The prevalence of oral trauma among the athletes was 47.5% (N = 57). However, only 15 athletes reported that these traumatic injuries were sports-related. The sport with the highest prevalence of oral trauma was judo (75%); the least was volleyball with no reported traumatic injuries. The most common traumatic injury was enamel fracture (27.4%). The teeth most affected were the maxillary permanent central incisors (N = 19), followed by the maxillary premolars (N = 8). On the basis of the results of this study of oral trauma among athletes examined at the III PARAPAN, a recommendation for enhanced educational efforts and the use of properly fitted mouthguards to prevent traumatic injuries among high-performance athletes with disabilities seems warranted.

Depressão masculina: um estudo sobre as internações na região centro-oeste de Minas Gerais / Male depression: a study about hospital admissions in the center-west region of Minas Gerais

Objetivo: identificar as características sociodemográficas e clínicas dos pacientes do sexo masculino acometidos por Transtorno Depressivo. Método: estudo retrospectivo e exploratório, realizado na Clínica São Bento Menni, constituído de 399 pacientes. Resultados: as características predominantes foram faixa etária de 41 a 50 anos, com 109 (27,3%); internação por solicitação da família, com 164 (41,1%) e do tempo de internação superior a 30 dias, com 101 (25,3%). O tipo de alta classificada como alta médica foi a prevalente, com 330 (82,7%). Os pacientes em sua maioria 350 (87,7%) foram internados primeira internação. O financiador principal das internações hospitalares foi o Sistema Único de Saúde, com 321 (80,4%) internações. Considerações finais: o fato de homens relatarem menos sintomas depressivos contribui para a falsa ideia de que os Transtornos Depressivoss acometam menos o sexo masculino. Nos últimos anos o número de homens internados pela depressão aumento, assim a saúde destes deve receber atenção.

Objective: to identify socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the male genre suffering by Depressive Disorder. Method: retrospective and exploratory study conducted at the Clinical St. Benedict Menni, consisting of 399 patients. Results: the predominant features were age 41-50 years with 109 (27.3%); hospitalized by family own with 164 (41.1%) and length of stay exceeding 30 days, with 101 (25,3%). The largest type of liberation of the hospital was classified as medical liberation, with 330 (82.7%). The first hospitalization prevailed, with 350 (87.7%). The main funder of hospitalizations were in the Public Health System, with 321 (80.4%) admissions. Conclusion: the fact that men report less depressive symptoms contributes to the fake idea that Depressive Disorders affect less the male genre. In the last years, the number of admitted men through depression raised. Therefore health of these must receive attention.

Objetivo: identificar la s características sociodemográficas y clínicas de los pacientes del sexo masculino que sufren de trastorno depresivo. Método: estudio retrospectivo y exploratorio, realizado en la Clínica San Benito Menni, que incluyó 399 pacientes. Resultados:las características predominantes fueron la edad 41-50 años, con 109 (27,3%), llevados al hospital por la propia familia, con 164 (41,1%) y la duración de la internación superior a 30 días, con 101 (25 , 3%). El mayor tipo de salida del hospital se clasificó como alta médica, con 330 (82,7%). Prevalecieron las internaciones clasificadas como primera hospitalización, con 350 (87,7%). La principal fuente de financiación de las ospitalizaciones fue el Sistema Público de Salud, con 321 (80,4%) llevadas al hospital. Conclusión: el hecho de los hombres comentaren que tienen menos síntomas depresivos contribuí para la falsa idea que el trastorno depresivo sea menor en los hombres. En los últimos años el número de hombres internados por la depresión aumentó. Así la salud de los mismos debe recibir más atención.

Prevalence of dental trauma in Pan American games athletes.

The aim of this cross-sectional epidemiological survey was to assess the prevalence of dental trauma in athletes representing 42 countries competing at the most recent Pan American Games (XV Pan Am) held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in July of 2007, and to determine prior use and type of mouthguard among this group of athletes. The examiners participated in standardization and calibration training sessions before the field phase began. Invitations were sent to >5500 participating athletes competing in 41 sports and to the Medical Committee of the Pan American Sports Organization before and during the XV PAN. A convenience sample of 409 athletes was recruited. After signing an informed consent, all athletes answered a questionnaire. Data were collected at the clinical examination and recorded on a specific trauma form. The mean age of the athletes was 24.4 +/- 5.3 years. Males comprised 55% of the sample; females 45%. The prevalence of dental trauma among the athletes was 49.6% (n = 203) with no gender-based differences. Most of these injuries (63.6%) were related to activities during training or competition. Sports with the highest injury prevalence were wrestling (83.3%), boxing (73.7%), basketball (70.6%) and karate (60%). The most common injury was enamel fracture (39.8%); root fracture was the least common (0.4%). The teeth most affected were the maxillary permanent central incisors (n = 113), followed by the mandibular central incisors (n = 19). Based on the results of this study, nearly one-half of the subjects had experienced previous dental trauma; the majority related to sports activities. Furthermore, only 17% of the athletes reported prior mouthguard use; the most frequent mouthguards reported were boil-and-bite. These results suggest the importance of enhanced educational efforts and the use of properly fitted mouthguards to reduce dental trauma among athletes in international sports competition, especially in sports where mouthguards are not mandatory.

Líquen plano reticular: características clínicas patognomônicas: relato de caso clínico / Lichen planus reticular: pathognomonic clinical characteristics: case report

O Líquen Plano é uma doença inflamatória crônica mucocutânea relativamente comum e de origem imunológica. As lesões bucais podem se apresentar de diversas formas, sendo a forma reticular a mais frequente. Geralmente, esta é assintomática e apresenta-se como linhas brancas finas de aspecto rendilhado, denominadas de estrias de Wickham. Estas por si só determinam o diagnóstico de Líquen Plano reticular, já que se constituem um sinal patognomônico desta doença. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso clínico de Líquen Plano reticular, cujas manisfestações bucais apresentam-se com características clínicas que não deixam margem de dúvida quanto ao diagnóstico, dispensando a biópsia