Articulated ankle-foot orthoses associated with home-based task-specific training improve functional mobility in patients with stroke: a randomized clinical trial.

INTRODUCTION: We compared fixed and articulated ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) in home-based mobility tasks to assess short-term mobility, dynamic balance, quality of life, anxiety/depression, disability level, stroke severity, autonomy, human functioning, and patient satisfaction. METHODS: This was a two-arm, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial with concealed allocation, assessor blinding, and a complete case analysis involving patients with chronic stroke. The participants were randomized into two groups: fixed (n = 24) and articulated (n = 23) AFOs. The AFOs were custom-fabricated, and both groups performed four-week home-based mobility tasks five days weekly. Primary outcome measures included changes in balance and mobility assessed using the Tinetti Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and Functional Ambulation Category (FAC). Secondary outcomes included quality of life, anxiety/depression, disability, stroke severity, autonomy, human functioning, and patient satisfaction. RESULTS: In a between-group comparison, after adjusting for age, sex, stroke severity, and thrombolysis, the articulated AFO group showed better performance in the TUG test (p = 0.020; d = 0.93), POMA-Gait (p = 0.001; d = 0.53), POMA-Total (p = 0.048; d = 0.98), and FAC (p = 0.003; d = 1.03) than the fixed AFO group. Moreover, significant difference was noted in human functioning (moving around using equipment)between the groups (p = 0.047; d = 92). CONCLUSION: A program involving home-based mobility tasks and articulated AFOs improved functional mobility after stroke.

Analysis of antibodies avidity for Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom in antivenom production and its potential for application as a potency test.

Antivenoms are the only specific medication for neutralizing toxins present in venom of animals such scorpions and snakes through antigen-antibody binding. Several analyses are carried out throughout its production in order to ensure the quality and effectiveness of the antivenom that will be administered to the patient. One of these is the potency assay, which is performed to assess the ability of antivenoms to neutralize the toxic effects of the venom injected in mice. The substitution of in vivo for in vitro assays such as ELISA has been presented by other authors, bringing several advantages such as the reduction in the use of animals, in costs and in the duration of the assays. However, the avidity index of antivenom antibodies determined by ELISA has not yet been applied for this purpose. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the avidity of sera from hyperimmunized horses with crude Tityus serrulatus venom, a scorpion species associated with the most serious accidents in Brazil, and its potential for application as a potency test replacing the in vivo assay. The avidity ELISA proved to be interesting for monitoring the binding strength of antibodies produced by horses in hyperimmune plasma production programs. It was possible to verify oscillations in antibody avidity that occurred along the immunization cycles, differences between novice and veteran horses, maturation of antibody avidity, and correlation between avidity index and antibody titre. Similar results were obtained for crude venom and purified Ts1 toxin. In addition, the avidity ELISA apparently demonstrated potential for application as a potency test in the initial stage of antivenom production. However, more studies are necessary.

Hematúria macroscópica em equinos associada à infecção por Leptospira interrogans / Macroscopic haematuria in horses associated with Leptospira interrogans infection

Hematúria é uma grave manifestação clínica de doença do sistema urinário, ocorrendo sob as formas micro ou macroscópica. Neste artigo relatam-se dois casos de hematúria macroscópica associada à infecção por Leptospira interrogans sorogrupo Canicola. O exame clínico inicial revelou hematúria macroscópica, taquicardia, taquipneia, febre, elevação do tempo de perfusão capilar, hipomotilidade intestinal, além de icterícia da mucosa oral. Leucocitose, proteinúria, glicosúria, piúria e azotemia foram achados comuns aos dois casos. Teste de Soroaglutinação Microscópica foi realizado para titulação de anticorpos contra Leptospira interrogans. Tratamento incluiu medidas terapêuticas de suporte (fluidoterapia), controle da hematúria e antibioticoterapia. Sete dias após manifestação dos sinais clínicos iniciais, ambos animais receberam alta hospitalar após remissão dos sinais clínicos.(AU)

Haematuria is a serious clinical manifestation of urinary system disease, occurring in micro or macroscopic forms. In this article two cases of macroscopic haematuria associated with Leptospira interrogans serogroup Canicolainfection are related. The initial clinical examination revealed macroscopic haematuria, tachycardia, tachypnea, fever, increased capillary perfusion time, intestinal hypomotility, in addition to jaundice of the oral mucosa. Leukocytosis, proteinuria, glycosuria, pyuria and azotemia were common findings in both cases. Microscopic serum agglutination test was performed for titration of antibodies against Leptospira interrogans. Treatment included supportive therapeutic measures (fluid therapy), hematuria control and antibiotic therapy. Seven days after the manifestation of the initial clinical signs, both animals were discharged from the hospital without complications.(AU)

Hematúria macroscópica em equinos associada à infecção por Leptospira interrogans / Macroscopic haematuria in horses associated with Leptospira interrogans infection

Hematúria é uma grave manifestação clínica de doença do sistema urinário, ocorrendo sob as formas micro ou macroscópica. Neste artigo relatam-se dois casos de hematúria macroscópica associada à infecção por Leptospira interrogans sorogrupo Canicola. O exame clínico inicial revelou hematúria macroscópica, taquicardia, taquipneia, febre, elevação do tempo de perfusão capilar, hipomotilidade intestinal, além de icterícia da mucosa oral. Leucocitose, proteinúria, glicosúria, piúria e azotemia foram achados comuns aos dois casos. Teste de Soroaglutinação Microscópica foi realizado para titulação de anticorpos contra Leptospira interrogans. Tratamento incluiu medidas terapêuticas de suporte (fluidoterapia), controle da hematúria e antibioticoterapia. Sete dias após manifestação dos sinais clínicos iniciais, ambos animais receberam alta hospitalar após remissão dos sinais clínicos.

Haematuria is a serious clinical manifestation of urinary system disease, occurring in micro or macroscopic forms. In this article two cases of macroscopic haematuria associated with Leptospira interrogans serogroup Canicolainfection are related. The initial clinical examination revealed macroscopic haematuria, tachycardia, tachypnea, fever, increased capillary perfusion time, intestinal hypomotility, in addition to jaundice of the oral mucosa. Leukocytosis, proteinuria, glycosuria, pyuria and azotemia were common findings in both cases. Microscopic serum agglutination test was performed for titration of antibodies against Leptospira interrogans. Treatment included supportive therapeutic measures (fluid therapy), hematuria control and antibiotic therapy. Seven days after the manifestation of the initial clinical signs, both animals were discharged from the hospital without complications.

Hematúria macroscópica em equinos associada à infecção por Leptospira interrogans / Macroscopic haematuria in horses associated with Leptospira interrogans infection

Hematúria é uma grave manifestação clínica de doença do sistema urinário, ocorrendo sob as formas micro ou macroscópica. Neste artigo relatam-se dois casos de hematúria macroscópica associada à infecção por Leptospira interrogans sorogrupo Canicola. O exame clínico inicial revelou hematúria macroscópica, taquicardia, taquipneia, febre, elevação do tempo de perfusão capilar, hipomotilidade intestinal, além de icterícia da mucosa oral. Leucocitose, proteinúria, glicosúria, piúria e azotemia foram achados comuns aos dois casos. Teste de Soroaglutinação Microscópica foi realizado para titulação de anticorpos contra Leptospira interrogans. Tratamento incluiu medidas terapêuticas de suporte (fluidoterapia), controle da hematúria e antibioticoterapia. Sete dias após manifestação dos sinais clínicos iniciais, ambos animais receberam alta hospitalar após remissão dos sinais clínicos.

Haematuria is a serious clinical manifestation of urinary system disease, occurring in micro or macroscopic forms. In this article two cases of macroscopic haematuria associated with Leptospira interrogans serogroup Canicolainfection are related. The initial clinical examination revealed macroscopic haematuria, tachycardia, tachypnea, fever, increased capillary perfusion time, intestinal hypomotility, in addition to jaundice of the oral mucosa. Leukocytosis, proteinuria, glycosuria, pyuria and azotemia were common findings in both cases. Microscopic serum agglutination test was performed for titration of antibodies against Leptospira interrogans. Treatment included supportive therapeutic measures (fluid therapy), hematuria control and antibiotic therapy. Seven days after the manifestation of the initial clinical signs, both animals were discharged from the hospital without complications.

Avaliação eritrocitária de eqüinos hígidos submetidos a um protocolo hemodialítico / Erythrocytes evaluation in healthy horses submitted to a hemodialysis protocol

Com o objetivo de realizar a adequação da técnica de hemodiálise para eqüinos, foram formados quatro grupos experimentais de seis animais cada, sendo determinados os seguintes tratamentos: Grupo I: animais sadios submetidos a cateterismo central unilateral e protocolo de sedação (grupo controle); Grupo II: animais sadios submetidos a cateterismo central unilateralcom cateter duplo-lúmen e uma sessão de hemodiálise de seis horas; Grupo III: animais sadios submetidos a cateterismo central unilateral com cateter duplo-lúmen e duas sessões de hemodiálise de seis horas; Grupo IV: animais sadios submetidos a cateterismo central bilateral com cateter mono-lúmen e uma sessão de hemodiálise de seis horas. Empregou-se xilazina 10% (0,4 mg/kg) associada a acepromazina 2% (0,08 mg/kg) via intravenosa para sedação. Foram utilizados dois hemodialisadores dispostos em série, do tipo fibras ocas, baixo fluxo, membrana de polissulfona e área de 1,8m2. O fluxo sanguíneo médio do circuito extracorpóreo foi de 319,18 ± 97,41 ml/minuto. A anticoagulação foi feita com heparina sódica em 100 UI/kg para primming, repetida na dose de 53,86 ± 18,61 UI/kg/hora. Dentre as respostas pesquisadas neste estudo, na avaliação hematológica observou-se diminuição nos valores de eritrócitos e índices hematimétricos, sendo estes achados condizentes com o emprego de um circuito extracorpóreo. Concluiu-se que o procedimento de hemodiálise pode ser empregado na espécie eqüina, empregando-se a técnica clássica descrita neste trabalho. Contudo, a avaliação hematológica antes e depois de cada sessão de diálise é fundamental para monitorização do paciente.(AU)

With the goal of promote hemodialysis technical adequacy for horses, four experimental groups with six animals was formed,and the folowing treatments was applied: Group I: horses submited to unilateral central venous catheter and a sedation protocol(control group); Group II: horses submited to unilateral central venous double lumen catheter and one session of six hours hemodialysis; Group III: horses submited to unilateral central venous double lumen catheter and two sessions of six hours hemodialysis; Group IV: horses submited to bilateral central venous mono lumen catheter and one session of six hours hemodialysis. Xilazine 10% (0,1 ml/50 kg) associated with acepromazine 2% (0,1 ml/50 kg) was done by venous rote forsadation. Two hollow fiber, low flux polyssulfone of 1,8 m2 was used in serie connexion. The mean blood flux was 319,18 ± 97,41ml/min. Antiocoagulation was performed with sodium heparin, 100 UI/kg for primming and at the dose of 53,86 ± 18,61 UI/kg/hr.For the evaluation performed in this study, in the blood analysis was observed decrease in eritrocites and hematimetric values.Was concluded that hemodialysis can be applied for horses by using the classical thecnic, described in this work, but, the blood evaluation before and after this procedure is fundamental for patients monnitoring.(AU)

Avaliação eritrocitária de eqüinos hígidos submetidos a um protocolo hemodialítico / Erythrocytes evaluation in healthy horses submitted to a hemodialysis protocol

Com o objetivo de realizar a adequação da técnica de hemodiálise para eqüinos, foram formados quatro grupos experimentais de seis animais cada, sendo determinados os seguintes tratamentos: Grupo I: animais sadios submetidos a cateterismo central unilateral e protocolo de sedação (grupo controle); Grupo II: animais sadios submetidos a cateterismo central unilateralcom cateter duplo-lúmen e uma sessão de hemodiálise de seis horas; Grupo III: animais sadios submetidos a cateterismo central unilateral com cateter duplo-lúmen e duas sessões de hemodiálise de seis horas; Grupo IV: animais sadios submetidos a cateterismo central bilateral com cateter mono-lúmen e uma sessão de hemodiálise de seis horas. Empregou-se xilazina 10% (0,4 mg/kg) associada a acepromazina 2% (0,08 mg/kg) via intravenosa para sedação. Foram utilizados dois hemodialisadores dispostos em série, do tipo fibras ocas, baixo fluxo, membrana de polissulfona e área de 1,8m2. O fluxo sanguíneo médio do circuito extracorpóreo foi de 319,18 ± 97,41 ml/minuto. A anticoagulação foi feita com heparina sódica em 100 UI/kg para primming, repetida na dose de 53,86 ± 18,61 UI/kg/hora. Dentre as respostas pesquisadas neste estudo, na avaliação hematológica observou-se diminuição nos valores de eritrócitos e índices hematimétricos, sendo estes achados condizentes com o emprego de um circuito extracorpóreo. Concluiu-se que o procedimento de hemodiálise pode ser empregado na espécie eqüina, empregando-se a técnica clássica descrita neste trabalho. Contudo, a avaliação hematológica antes e depois de cada sessão de diálise é fundamental para monitorização do paciente.

With the goal of promote hemodialysis technical adequacy for horses, four experimental groups with six animals was formed,and the folowing treatments was applied: Group I: horses submited to unilateral central venous catheter and a sedation protocol(control group); Group II: horses submited to unilateral central venous double lumen catheter and one session of six hours hemodialysis; Group III: horses submited to unilateral central venous double lumen catheter and two sessions of six hours hemodialysis; Group IV: horses submited to bilateral central venous mono lumen catheter and one session of six hours hemodialysis. Xilazine 10% (0,1 ml/50 kg) associated with acepromazine 2% (0,1 ml/50 kg) was done by venous rote forsadation. Two hollow fiber, low flux polyssulfone of 1,8 m2 was used in serie connexion. The mean blood flux was 319,18 ± 97,41ml/min. Antiocoagulation was performed with sodium heparin, 100 UI/kg for primming and at the dose of 53,86 ± 18,61 UI/kg/hr.For the evaluation performed in this study, in the blood analysis was observed decrease in eritrocites and hematimetric values.Was concluded that hemodialysis can be applied for horses by using the classical thecnic, described in this work, but, the blood evaluation before and after this procedure is fundamental for patients monnitoring.