Composição química, atividade antimicrobiana do óleo essencial e ocorrência de esteróides nas folhas de Pterodon emarginatus Vogel, Fabaceae / Chemical composition, antimicrobial activity of essential oil and the occurrence of steroids in the leaves of Pterodon emarginatus Vogel, Fabaceae

Pterodon emarginatus Vogel, Fabaceae, conhecida popularmente como sucupira-branca, é uma espécie arbórea que possui interesse como planta medicinal e fonte de madeira. Vários estudos com o óleo e extratos dos seus frutos demonstraram atividades cercaricida, antimicrobiana e antiinflamatória. Tendo em vista a importância de P. emarginatus como planta medicinal o presente trabalho analisou a composição química, a atividade antifúngica e antibacteriana do óleo essencial de suas folhas, isolou e identificou compostos do extrato etanólico bruto das folhas. A análise do óleo essencial das folhas permitiu a identificação de 9 hidrocarbonetos sesquiterpênicos, sendo os majoritários o γ-muuroleno (48,79 por cento) e o biciclogermacreno (22,66 por cento). O óleo essencial apresentou atividade frente a bactérias Gram-positivas, sendo inativo sobre isolados clínicos de Candida. O estudo fitoquímico do extrato etanólico das folhas permitiu o isolamento da mistura dos esteróides estigmasterol e β-sitosterol. Todos os resultados obtidos contribuem para a ampliação de informações sobre essa planta amplamente utilizada pela população.

Pterodon emarginatus Vogel, Fabaceae, known as "sucupira-branca", is a tree specie with interest as medicinal plant and source of wood. Several studies with the oil and fruit's extracts have been showed cercaricid, antimicrobial and antiinflamatory activities. The importance of P. emarginatus conducted the present study to realize evaluated antifungal and antibacterial activity of essential oil of their leaves, and isolated some compounds of ethanolic extract of the leaves. The analysis of the essential oil from leaves allowed the identification of nine sesquiterpenics hydrocarbons, with the majority γ-muurolene (48.79 percent) and biciclogermacrene (22.66 percent). The essential oil showed activity against the Gram-positive bacteria, and inactive on clinical isolates of Candida. The phytochemical study of the ethanol extract of the leaves allowed the isolation of the mixture of stigmasterol and β-sitosterol steroids. All results contribute to the expansion of information about this plant widely used by the population.

Subcutaneoous phaeohyphomycosis by Exophiala jeanselmei in a cardiac transplant recipient.

We report a case of phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exophiala jeanselmei in a cardiac transplant recipient maintained on immunosuppressive therapy with mycophenolate mofetil tacrolimus and prednisone. The lesion began after trauma on the right leg that evolved to multiple lesions with nodules and ulcers. Diagnosis was performed by histological examination and culture of pus from skin lesions. Treatment consisted of itraconazole (200 mg/day) for three months with no improvement and subsequently with amphotericin B (0.5 mg/Kg per day to a total of 3.8 g intravenously). After four months of treatment, the lesions showed marked improvement with reduction in the swelling and healing of sinuses and residual scarring.

Subcutaneoous phaeohyphomycosis by Exophiala jeanselmei in a cardiac transplant recipient

Este trabalho relata um caso de feohifomicose subcutânea causado por Exophiala jeanselmei em um paciente que havia recebido transplante de coração e mantinha terapia com micofenolato mofetil, tracolimus e prednisone. As lesões tiveram início após trauma na perna inferior direita que evoluíram produzindo múltiplos nódulos e úlceras. Diagnóstico foi realizado através de avaliação histológica e de características macroscópicas e microscópicas da cultura das lesões da pele. O paciente fez uso de itraconazol em concentração de 200 mg/dia durante três meses, não se observando no entanto, melhora das lesões. Após este período, o paciente foi tratado com anfotericina B a uma concentração de 0,5 mg/Kg/dia totalizando 3,8 g. Após quatro meses de tratamento as lesões mostraram melhora evidente, verificando-se fechamento das fístulas e cicatrização das lesões.

In vitro susceptibility characteristics of Cryptococcus neoformans varieties from AIDS patients in Goiânia, Brazil.

Sixty clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans from AIDS from Goiânia, state of Goiás, Brazil, were characterized according to varieties, serotypes and tested for antifungal susceptibility. To differentiate the two varieties was used L-canavanine-glycine-bromothymol blue medium and to separate the serotypes was used slide agglutination test with Crypto Check Iatron. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of fluconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin B were determined by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards macrodilution method. Our results identified 56 isolates as C. neoformans var. neoformans serotype A and 4 isolates as C. neoformans var. gattii serotype B. MIC values for C. neoformans var. gattii were higher than C. neoformans var. neoformans. We verified that none isolate was resistant to itraconazole and to amphotericin B, but one C. neoformans var. neoformans and three C. neoformans var. gattii isolates were resistant to fluconazole. The presence of C. neoformans var. gattii fluconazole resistant indicates the importance of determining not only the variety of C. neoformans infecting the patients but also measuring the MIC of the isolate in order to properly orient treatment.

Antimicrobial activity of Hyptis ovalifolia towards dermatophytes

The essential oil and the aqueous, hexane and methanolic fractions from Hyptis ovalifolia leaves were evaluated for their antifungal activity in vitro against 60 strains of dermatophytes: 10 strains of Microsporum canis, 10 of M. gypseum, 20 of Trichophyton rubrum and 20 of T. mentagrophytes. The extracts inhibited growth of the dermatophytes tested at different concentrations. The most biologically active was the essential oil from the leaves which inhibited 57 isolates (95 percent) at a concentration of ú 500 æg/ml.

In vitro susceptibility characteristics of Cryptococcus neoformans varieties from AIDS patients in Goi⮩a, Brazil

Sixty clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans from AIDS from Goi⮩a, state of Goiᳬ Brazil, were characterized according to varieties, serotypes and tested for antifungal susceptibility. To differentiate the two varieties was used L-canavanine-glycine-bromothymol blue medium and to separate the serotypes was used slide agglutination test with Crypto Check Iatron. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of fluconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin B were determined by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards macrodilution method. Our results identified 56 isolates as C. neoformans var. neoformans serotype A and 4 isolates as C. neoformans var. gattii serotype B. MIC values for C. neoformans var. gattii were higher than C. neoformans var. neoformans. We verified that none isolate was resistant to itraconazole and to amphotericin B, but one C. neoformans var. neoformans and three C. neoformans var. gattii isolates were resistant to fluconazole. The presence of C. neoformans var. gattii fluconazole resistant indicates the importance of determining not only the variety of C. neoformans infecting the patients but also measuring the MIC of the isolate in order to properly orient treatment

Antimicrobial activity of Hyptis ovalifolia towards dermatophytes.

The essential oil and the aqueous, hexane and methanolic fractions from Hyptis ovalifolia leaves were evaluated for their antifungal activity in vitro against 60 strains of dermatophytes: 10 strains of Microsporum canis, 10 of M. gypseum, 20 of Trichophyton rubrum and 20 of T. mentagrophytes. The extracts inhibited growth of the dermatophytes tested at different concentrations. The most biologically active was the essential oil from the leaves which inhibited 57 isolates (95%) at a concentration of 500 g/ml.

Evaluation of Etest and macrodilution broth method for antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida sp strains isolated from oral cavities of AIDS patients.

A comparison of the Etest and the reference broth macrodilution susceptibility test for fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole and amphotericin B was performed with 59 of Candida species isolated from the oral cavities of AIDS patients. The Etest method was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions, and the reference method was performed according to National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards document M27-A guidelines. Our data showed that there was a good correlation between the MICs obtained by the Etest and broth dilution methods. When only the MIC results at +/- 2 dilutions for both methods were considered, the agreement rates were 90.4% for itraconazole, ketoconazole and amphotericin B and 84.6% for fluconazole of the C. albicans tested. In contrast, to the reference method, the Etest method classified as susceptible three fluconazole-resistant isolates and one itraconazole-resistant isolate, representing four very major errors. These results indicate that Etest could be considered useful for antifungal sensitivity evaluation of yeasts in clinical laboratories.

Evaluation of Etest and macrodilution broth method for antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida sp strains isolated from oral cavities of AIDS patients

A comparison of the Etest and the reference broth macrodilution susceptibility test for fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole and amphotericin B was performed with 59 of Candida species isolated from the oral cavities of AIDS patients. The Etest method was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions, and the reference method was performed according to National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards document M27-A guidelines. Our data showed that there was a good correlation between the MICs obtained by the Etest and broth dilution methods. When only the MIC results at ± 2 dilutions for both methods were considered, the agreement rates were 90.4 percent for itraconazole, ketoconazole and amphotericin B and 84.6 percent for fluconazole of the C. albicans tested. In contrast, to the reference method, the Etest method classified as susceptible three fluconazole-resistant isolates and one itraconazole-resistant isolate, representing four very major errors. These results indicate that Etest could be considered useful for antifungal sensitivity evaluation of yeasts in clinical laboratories

Cryptococcus neoformans isolados de pacientes com AIDS / Cryptocococcus neoformans in patients with AIDS

Criptococose é considerada a infecçäo fúngica sistêmica oportunista mais comum em pacientes com AIDS. Nestes pacientes tem predominado como agente etiológico Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans, e muito raramente relata-se C. neoformans var. gattiii, mesmo nas regiöes onde se verifica a sua prevalência. Foram estudados 50 pacientes com lesöes de criptococose meningoencefálica associada com AIDS. Os isolados foram identificados através de características microscópicas e macroscópicas exibidas em meios de ágar Sabouraud, ágar niger e Christensen. As variedades de C. neoformans foram determinadas pela reaçäo de coloraçäo obtida em meio de L-canavanina glicina-azul de bromotimol (CGB). Em todos os pacientes examinados foram isolados C. neoformans, sendo identificados C. neoformans var. neoformans em 47 isolados e C. neoformans var. gattii em 3. Os resultados encontrados mostram que a criptococose em pacientes com AIDS pode também ser causada por C. neoformans var. gatti, apesar de haver predominância de C. neoformans var neoformans nesta populaçäo

Ocorrência de aflatoxinas B1 e G1, em amendoim comercializado em Goiânia - GO, Brasil / The occurrence of aflatoxins B1 and G1 in peanuts dealt in Goiânia - GO, Brazil

Foram realizadas dosagens de aflatoxinas B1 e G1 em 104 amostras de amendoim em grão, sendo 68 de amendoim cru e 36 de amendoim torrado recoberto por películas doce ou salgada. As amostras foram coletadas nos supermercados, feiras armazéns ou trazidas ao laboratório pela comunidade. Os resultados revelaram que 34.6 por cento das amostras, a soma das aflatoxinas B1 e G1 ultrapassou o nível de 30 µg/kg estabelecido pela resolução 34/76, da CNNPA (Comissão Nacional de Normas e Padrões de Alimentos) do Ministério da Saúde, e que o percentual de amostras com nível de contaminação acima de 30 µg/kg não foi estatisticamente significante em relação ao tipo de grão. Em todas as amostras contaminadas por aflatoxinas B1 o nível de contaminação estava acima de 30 µg/kg. Na maioria das amostras contaminadas o conteúdo de B1 foi maior que G1. Níveis elevados como 522.0 µg/kg foram encontrados para a soma dos valores médios de B1 e G1, enquanto níveis inferiores a 30 µg/kg não foram encontrados.

Tinea profunda por Trichophyton mentagrophytes / Deep tinea due to Trichophyton mentagrophytes

É descrito um provável caso de granuloma por dermatófitos, com formaçäo de nódulos no antebraço direito, após bicada por ave de médio porte (Capella gigantea), isolando-se Trichophyton mentagrophytes, tipo zoofílico. O tratamento com permanganato de potássio e o clotrimazol tópicos foram capazes de erradicar o processo

Susceptibilidade "in vitro" de Cryptococcus neoformans, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Sporothrix schenckii e Fonsecaea pedrosoi a esteróides / Susceptibility for steroids ïn vitro\"of the Cryptococcus neoformans, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Sporothrix schenckii and Fonsecaea pedrosoi

O efeito inibitório de dietilestilbestrol, estradiol, progesterona e testosterona, diluídas em água, resultando concentraçöes de 7,5; 10,0; e 15,0; Ug/ml de meio foram determinadas sobre amostras de Cryptococcus neoformans, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, fonsecacea pedrosoi e Sporothrix schenckii. Testosterona nåo mostrou influência no crescimento de nenhuma das amostras. Progesterona e estradiol a 7,5 Ug/ml mostraram pequena inibiçåo de crescimento de Paracoccidioides brasiiensis e a 15,0 Ug/ml o estradiol mostrou inibiçåo quase total no desenvolvimento deste fungo. A substância mais ativa, na inibiçåo de todos os fungos, no entanto, foi o estilbestrol que a 10,0 Ug/ml suprimiu completamento o crescimento de Paracocidioides brasiliensis, e a 15,0 Ug/ml inibiu razoavelmente o desenvolvimento de todos os outros fungos testados

Fungos queratinofílicos encontrados saprofiticamente em pêlos de cäes domésticos em Goiânia-Goiás / Keratinophylic saprofites fungus from domestic dog in Goiânia-Goiás

Os autores examinaram 100 cäes sem lesöes aparentes na pele, procentes do Município de Goiânia - GO e verificaram uma incidência de 33 pôr cento: 16 Mycrosporum gypseum, 5 Trichophyton terrestre e 12 espécies de Trichophyton näo identificados. Foram isolados ainda, outros fungos contaminantes, como: Cândida sp, Scopulariopsis sp. e Cuningamela sp