RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of concurrent bacterial sexually transmitted infections (bSTIs) among individuals with mpox. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study of participants aged 18âyears or older with confirmed mpox conducted in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. This cross-sectional analysis include only participants who underwent bSTI testing at baseline between June 2022 and January 2024. METHODS: Participants were offered testing for chlamydia/gonorrhea (NAAT, anorectal swabs) and syphilis (active diagnosis if VDRL ≥ 1/8). Baseline prevalence of bSTIs was calculated, and participant characteristics were described based on bSTI diagnosis (yes/no). Chi-squared/Fisher's tests were used for qualitative variables, and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test for quantitative variables. RESULTS: Out of 634 enrolled participants, 538 (84.9%) were tested for STIs and included in this analysis, mostly cisgender men, aged 30-39âyears with post-secondary education. Overall prevalence of concurrent bSTI was 37.3%, mainly syphilis, followed by chlamydia and gonorrhea. Half of the participants had HIV coinfection, and one-third were on PrEP. Concurrent bSTI diagnosis at the time of mpox assessment was associated with being aged 30-39âyears, self-identifying as cisgender men, having HIV-positive status, reporting proctitis symptoms and reporting any STI in the past 12âmonths. CONCLUSIONS: Our data reveals a notable prevalence of concurrent STIs among participants with confirmed mpox at a prominent infectious diseases' referral center in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. These findings underscore the importance of integrating mpox into the differential diagnosis of anogenital manifestations and to promote combination prevention strategies within sexual health care services.
RESUMO
Viral coinfection among HIV-positive patients, coupled with the development of AIDS, remains a major public health problem. The synergism between the presence of HIV and other viruses has consequences in relation to changes in the severity of the infection, as well as changes in the natural course of both infections. Several polymorphisms present in genes that encode cytokines have a relevant influence on their transcription and consequently on the production of such immunological molecules. The present study evaluated the influence of SNPs located in the promoter regions of genes encoding the cytokines INF-É£, TNF, IL-6, IL-4, and IL-2, as well as their respective plasma concentrations, in patients infected with HIV and/or EBV in the state of Pará. Additionally, this study described the epidemiological profile and compared CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte counts among the groups studied. The associative analysis between the SNPs and plasma cytokine concentrations in different groups showed statistical relevance for three polymorphisms: rs2069762 (IL2), where the GG genotype demonstrated higher IL-2 levels in HIV mono-infected individuals; rs2243250 (IL4), where the CT genotype showed higher IL-4 levels in the control group; and rs2069705 (IFNG), where the TT genotype showed higher IFN-γ levels in the coinfected group. Regarding SNP associations with CD4+/CD8+ counts, significant findings were observed in HIV mono-infected individuals: the rs2069705 (IFNG) polymorphism was linked to higher CD4+ counts with the CT genotype, and rs1799964 (TNF) was associated with higher CD8+ counts with the CC genotype. Therefore, this study provides evidence that the rs2069705 (IFNG) SNP is associated with elevated IFN-γ levels, which may have pathogenic consequences, as depletion of this cytokine is concerning for people living with HIV due to its antiviral properties.
Assuntos
Coinfecção , Citocinas , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr , Infecções por HIV , HIV-1 , Herpesvirus Humano 4 , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Humanos , Infecções por HIV/genética , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/virologia , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Brasil/epidemiologia , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/genética , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/imunologia , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/virologia , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/complicações , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , HIV-1/imunologia , HIV-1/genética , Citocinas/genética , Citocinas/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Coinfecção/virologia , Coinfecção/imunologia , Coinfecção/genética , Herpesvirus Humano 4/imunologia , Herpesvirus Humano 4/genética , Genótipo , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Adulto Jovem , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , ImunogenéticaRESUMO
Following the 2022 global mpox outbreak, diagnoses decreased worldwide, even in settings with limited vaccine access. In 2023-2024, a new outbreak emerged in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, highlighting the importance of continuous surveillance, preventive measures such as vaccination in vulnerable populations, and treatment options, emphasizing equitable global health technology distribution.
RESUMO
Background: Young gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (YMSM) in Latin America experience disproportionately high rates of HIV. While new case numbers have stabilised in other demographics, the incidence of HIV in this particular group continues to rise. We estimated the prevalence of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI) and identified correlates of new HIV diagnoses among YMSM in Brazil. Methods: Conectad@s was a respondent-driven sampling-based study to recruit and engage YMSM in HIV prevention and treatment services in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (November 2021-October 2022). Eligibility criteria were age 18-24 years and self-identification as MSM (cis/trans) or non-binary person who have sex with men. Participants underwent HIV/STI testing and completed a socio-behavioural questionnaire. We described baseline characteristics by HIV status and used logistic regression models to identify correlates of new HIV diagnoses. Trial ID: DERR1-10.2196/34885. Findings: Among 409 participants, 370 (90.5%) self-identified as cisgender men, nine (2.2%) transgender men, and 30 (7.3%) non-binary. Median age was 21 years (IQR: 20-23), with 80 (19.6%) aged 18-19 years. Most self-identified as Black or Pardo (70.6%); 109 (26.7%) never tested for HIV. HIV prevalence was 9.8%; 50% (n = 20/40) were newly diagnosed with HIV. Only nine participants ever used PrEP and three were currently using it. Overall, 133 (32.5%) reported sexual violence in their lifetime and 102 (24.9%) reported a suicide attempt. Prevalence of active syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhoea were 14.4%, 15.9%, and 14.7%, respectively. New HIV diagnoses were positively associated with engaging in high-risk behaviour (aOR 4.88 [95% CI: 1.88-13.40]) and anxiety (aOR 2.67 [95% CI: 1.01-7.70]), and negatively associated with ever disclosing sexual orientation (aOR 0.19 [95% CI: 0.04-0.92]) and HIV knowledge (aOR 0.77 [95% CI: 0.59-1.01]). Interpretation: High prevalence of HIV coupled with a high proportion of new HIV diagnoses underscore a potentially growing HIV epidemic among YMSM in Brazil. Funding: National Institutes of Health (NIH), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Ministry of Health of Brazil.
RESUMO
Objective: In Brazil, postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Data on the profile of women and risk factors associated with PPH are sparse. This study aimed to describe the profile and management of patients with PPH, and the association of risk factors for PPH with severe maternal outcomes (SMO). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP) obstetric intensive care unit (ICU) between January 2012 and March 2020, including patients who gave birth at the hospital and that were admitted with PPH to the ICU. Results: The study included 358 patients, of whom 245 (68.4%) delivered in the IMIP maternity, and 113 (31.6%) in other maternity. The mean age of the patients was 26.7 years, with up to eight years of education (46.1%) and a mean of six prenatal care. Uterine atony (72.9%) was the most common cause, 1.6% estimated blood loss, 2% calculated shock index (SI), 63.9% of patients received hemotransfusion, and 27% underwent hysterectomy. 136 cases of SMO were identified, 35.5% were classified as maternal near miss and 3.0% maternal deaths. Multiparity was associated with SMO as an antepartum risk factor (RR=1.83, 95% CI1.42-2.36). Regarding intrapartum risk factors, abruptio placentae abruption was associated with SMO (RR=2.2 95% CI1.75-2.81). Among those who had hypertension (49.6%) there was a lower risk of developing SMO. Conclusion: The principal factors associated with poor maternal outcome were being multiparous and placental abruption.
Assuntos
Hemorragia Pós-Parto , Humanos , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Hemorragia Pós-Parto/terapia , Adulto , Gravidez , Fatores de Risco , Brasil/epidemiologia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Adulto Jovem , Descolamento Prematuro da Placenta/epidemiologia , Mortalidade MaternaRESUMO
The hypothesis that physiological changes in women can affect periodontal tissues is the subject of this study, and inflammatory markers such as matrix metalloproteinase-8 can measure susceptibility to inflammation. The study aimed to analyze MMP-8 levels in periodontal sites of postpartum women and women without a history of pregnancy, comparing health parameters and periodontal disease. This is a case-control study with 40 participants, 20 cases (women in the postpartum period) and 20 controls (women without any pregnancy), who underwent clinical periodontal examination and the collection of crevicular gingival fluid. The ELISA test was used to detect MMP-8 levels. Postpartum women had worse periodontal parameters, such as bleeding index on probing, number of sites with CAL ≥ 3, and fewer teeth present. In the group of women without a history of pregnancy, a significantly lower MMP-8 level was observed in healthy sites and a higher one was observed in periodontal pockets (p < 0.01). In contrast, in postpartum women, MMP-8 levels were elevated in both healthy sites and periodontal pockets (p > 0.01). The MMP-8 levels in gingival fluid appear to be related to periodontal clinical parameters and may be a possible marker of enzymatic changes involved in periodontal tissue destruction in postpartum women.
Assuntos
Líquido do Sulco Gengival , Metaloproteinase 8 da Matriz , Período Pós-Parto , Humanos , Feminino , Metaloproteinase 8 da Matriz/metabolismo , Metaloproteinase 8 da Matriz/análise , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Líquido do Sulco Gengival/enzimologia , Gravidez , Doenças Periodontais/enzimologia , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Genetic polymorphisms may influence mercury (Hg) toxicity. The aims of this study were to evaluate individual factors, such as the presence of the GSTP1 rs1695 polymorphism, associated with internal Hg dose and child neurodevelopment in indigenous people from the Brazilian Amazon chronically exposed to Hg. Eighty-two indigenous children were clinically evaluated, hair Hg was measured, and the GSTP1 rs1695 polymorphism was genotyped. The mean age was 4.8 years, the median Hg was 5.5 µg/g, and 93.8% of children exceeded the safe limit (2.0 µg/g). Fish consumption was associated with Hg levels (p = 0.03). The GSTP1 rs1695 A>G polymorphism was in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and the highest prevalence of the GSTP1 AA genotype (80%) was found in Sawré Aboy, which had the highest Hg levels (10 µg/g) among the studied villages. The Hg levels tended to increase over the years in males and in carriers of the GSTP1 AA genotype (0.69 µg/g and 0.86 µg/g, respectively). Nine children failed the neurodevelopmental test, all of whom had Hg > 2.0 µg/g, and 88.9% carried the GSTP1 AA or AG genotypes, previously associated with the highest internal Hg doses and neurocognitive disorders. The genetic counseling of this population is important to identify the individuals at greater risk for neurodevelopmental disorders resulting from chronic Hg exposure.
RESUMO
Products from stingless bees are rich reservoirs of microbial diversity, including yeasts with fermentative potential. Previously, two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, JP14 and IP9, were isolated from Jataí (Tetragonisca angustula) and Iraí (Nannotrigona testaceicornis) bees, respectively, aiming at mead production. Both strains presented great osmotic and sulfite tolerance, and ethanol production, although they have a high free amino nitrogen demand. Herein, their genomes were sequenced, assembled, and annotated, and the variants were compared to the S. cerevisiae S288c reference strain. The final assembly of IP9 and JP14 presented high N50 and BUSCO scores, and more than 6430 protein-coding genes. Additionally, nQuire predicted the ploidy of IP9 as diploid, but the results were not enough to determine the ploidy of JP14. The mitochondrial genomes of IP9 and JP14 presented the same gene content as S288c but the genes were rearranged and fragmented in different patterns. Meanwhile, the genes with mutations of high impact (e.g., indels, gain of stop codon) for both yeasts were enriched for transmembrane transport, electron transfer, oxidoreductase, heme binding, fructose, mannose, and glucose transport, activities related to the respiratory chain and sugar metabolism. The IP9 strain presented copy number gains in genes related to sugar transport and cell morphogenesis; in JP14, genes were enriched for disaccharide metabolism and transport, response to reactive oxygen species, and polyamine transport. On the other hand, IP9 presented copy number losses related to disaccharide, thiamine, and aldehyde metabolism, while JP14 presented depletions related to disaccharide, oligosaccharide, asparagine, and aspartate metabolism. Notably, both strains presented a killer toxin gene, annotated from the assembling of unmapped reads, representing a potential mechanism for the control of other microorganisms population in the environment. Therefore, the annotated genomes of JP14 and IP9 presented a high selective pressure for sugar and nitrogen metabolism and stress response, consistent with their isolation source and fermentative properties.
Assuntos
Genoma Fúngico , Pólen , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Animais , Abelhas/microbiologia , Abelhas/genética , Pólen/genética , Genoma MitocondrialRESUMO
The neuropathic compression of the tibial nerve and/or its branches on the medial side of the ankle is called tarsal tunnel syndrome (TTS). Patients with TTS presents pain, paresthesia, hypoesthesia, hyperesthesia, muscle cramps or numbness which affects the sole of the foot, the heel, or both. The clinical diagnosis is challenging because of the fairly non-specific and several symptomatology. We demonstrate a case of TTS caused by medial dislocation of the talar bone on the calcaneus bone impacting the tibial nerve diagnosed only by ultrasound with the patient in the standing position.
Assuntos
Tálus , Síndrome do Túnel do Tarso , Ultrassonografia , Humanos , Luxações Articulares/diagnóstico por imagem , Luxações Articulares/diagnóstico , Luxações Articulares/etiologia , Tálus/diagnóstico por imagem , Tálus/anormalidades , Síndrome do Túnel do Tarso/etiologia , Síndrome do Túnel do Tarso/diagnóstico , Síndrome do Túnel do Tarso/diagnóstico por imagem , Ultrassonografia/métodos , Suporte de CargaRESUMO
Background: Several systems of oppression combine in complex ways to impact the lives of minority populations. Following an intersectionality framework, we assessed the frequency and perceived reasons for discrimination among gay, bisexual, and other cisgender men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender and non-binary individuals (TGNB), stratified by race. Methods: Online survey among MSM and TGNB ≥18 years living in Brazil, between November/2021 and January/2022. We used the 18-item Explicit Discrimination Scale to assess day-to-day experiences of differential treatment, and perceived discrimination. For each item, participants indicated their perceived reasons for differential treatment using 14 pre-defined options. Negative binomial regression models assessed if race was a significant predictor of discrimination. Subsequent models, stratified by race, examined associations of perceived reasons and number of reasons with perceived discrimination. Findings: Of 8464 MSM and TGNB, 4961 (58.6%) were White, 2173 (25.7%) Pardo (Brazil's official term for admixed populations), and 1024 (12.1%) Black. Black participants' scores for perceived discrimination (mean, standard deviation) were higher (10.2, 8.8) [Pardo (6.5, 6.8), White (5.2, 5.7)], and race was both the main reason for and the strongest predictor of perceived discrimination. The number of reasons participants used to interpret their discriminatory experiences was also a predictor of discrimination score among White, Pardo, and Black participants. Interpretation: LGBTQIA+phobia was highly prevalent among all participants. Additionally, our results indicated that Black MSM and TGNB participants were more frequently discriminated against than other racial groups, with racial discrimination uniquely contributing these experiences. Funding: Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.
RESUMO
Melanoma is the most aggressive and deadly skin cancer. The difficulty in its treatment arises from its ability to suppress the immune system, making it crucial to find a substance that increases anti-tumor immunity. C-phycocyanin (C-PC) appears as a promising bioactive, with multifaceted effects against several cancers, but its efficacy against melanoma has only been tested in vitro. Therefore, we investigated C-PC's the anti-tumor and immunomodulatory action in a murine melanoma model. The tumor was subcutaneously induced in C57BL/6 mice by injecting B16F10 cells. The animals were injected subcutaneously with C-PC for three consecutive days. After euthanasia, the tumor was weighed and measured. The inguinal lymph node was removed, and the cells were stained with antibodies and analyzed by flow cytometry. The heart, brain and lung were analyzed by histopathology. C-PC increased the B cell population of the inguinal lymph node in percentage and absolute number. The absolute number of T lymphocytes and myeloid cells were also increased in the groups treated with C-PC. Thus, C-PC showed a positive immunomodulatory effect both animals with and without tumor. However, this effect was more pronounced in the presence of the tumor. Positive immune system modulation may be associated with a reduction in tumor growth in animals treated with C-PC. Administration of C-PC subcutaneously did not cause organ damage. Our findings demonstrate C-PC's immunomodulatory and anti-melanoma action, paving the way for clinical research with this bioactive.
Assuntos
Melanoma , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Animais , Camundongos , Ficocianina/farmacologia , Ficocianina/uso terapêutico , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Neoplasias Cutâneas/tratamento farmacológico , ImunomodulaçãoRESUMO
In the ENSEMBLE randomized, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial (NCT04505722), estimated single-dose Ad26.COV2.S vaccine efficacy (VE) was 56% against moderate to severe-critical COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 Spike sequences were determined from 484 vaccine and 1,067 placebo recipients who acquired COVID-19. In this set of prespecified analyses, we show that in Latin America, VE was significantly lower against Lambda vs. Reference and against Lambda vs. non-Lambda [family-wise error rate (FWER) p < 0.05]. VE differed by residue match vs. mismatch to the vaccine-insert at 16 amino acid positions (4 FWER p < 0.05; 12 q-value ≤ 0.20); significantly decreased with physicochemical-weighted Hamming distance to the vaccine-strain sequence for Spike, receptor-binding domain, N-terminal domain, and S1 (FWER p < 0.001); differed (FWER ≤ 0.05) by distance to the vaccine strain measured by 9 antibody-epitope escape scores and 4 NTD neutralization-impacting features; and decreased (p = 0.011) with neutralization resistance level to vaccinee sera. VE against severe-critical COVID-19 was stable across most sequence features but lower against the most distant viruses.
Assuntos
Ad26COVS1 , COVID-19 , Humanos , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , SARS-CoV-2 , Eficácia de Vacinas , Aminoácidos , Anticorpos Antivirais , Anticorpos NeutralizantesRESUMO
Despite legal safeguards, the Yanomami community faces challenges such as unauthorized incursions by gold miners, resulting in environmental degradation, particularly from mercury. This jeopardizes the health and food security of indigenous individuals, especially due to the consumption of contaminated fish. Ethnic and racial disparities persist in indigenous healthcare, marked by troubling health indicators such as malnutrition, anemia, and infectious diseases. This cross-sectional study, conducted in October 2022 in the Yanomami Indigenous Territory in the Amazon Forest, Brazil, presented clinical, laboratory, and neurodevelopmental findings in Yanomami children chronically exposed to methylmercury. The results revealed that Yanomami children exhibited weights and heights below expectations (median Z-scores of -1.855 for weight for age and -2.7 for height for age), a high prevalence of anemia (25%), low vaccination coverage (15%), and low IQ (average 68.6). The Total Hair Mercury (Total Hg) levels ranged from 0.16 µg/g to 10.20 µg/g (mean: 3.30 µg/g; median: 3.70 µg/g). Of 117 children tested, 93 children (79.4%) had levels ≥ 2.0 µg/g (had no significant difference between sex). Among the 58 children for whom it was possible to estimate the Total Intelligence Quotient (TIQ), the average value was 68.6, ranging from 42 to 92 points (median: 69.5; standard deviation: 10.5). Additionally, the lowest score on the IQ test was associated with 5 times the risk of having high levels of mercury in their hair, 2,5 fold the risk of having an older age, and almost 8 times the risk of consuming fish, adjusting for nut consumption. Notwithstanding the study's limitations, results suggest that mercury contamination from illegal mining activities on indigenous lands may negatively impact neurodevelopment in older indigenous children, particularly those fish consumers, despite the inherent benefits of fish consumption. Addressing other socio-environmental concerns is crucial for enhancing the overall health of the population.
RESUMO
Leprosy is a chronic bacterial infection mainly caused by Mycobacterium leprae that primarily affects skin and peripheral nerves. Due to its ability to absorb carbon from the host cell, the bacillus became dependent on energy production, mainly through oxidative phosphorylation. In fact, variations in genes of Complex I of oxidative phosphorylation encoded by mtDNA have been associated with several diseases in humans, including bacterial infections, which are possible influencers in the host response to leprosy. Here, we investigated the presence of variants in the mtDNA genes encoding Complex I regarding leprosy, as well as the analysis of their pathogenicity in the studied cohort. We found an association of 74 mitochondrial variants with either of the polar forms, Pole T (Borderline Tuberculoid) or Pole L (Borderline Lepromatous and Lepromatous) of leprosy. Notably, six variants were exclusively found in both clinical poles of leprosy, including m.4158A>G and m.4248T>C in MT-ND1, m.13650C>A, m.13674T>C, m.12705C>T and m.13263A>G in MT-ND5, of which there are no previous reports in the global literature. Our observations reveal a substantial number of mutations among different groups of leprosy, highlighting a diverse range of consequences associated with mutations in genes across these groups. Furthermore, we suggest that the six specific variants exclusively identified in the case group could potentially play a crucial role in leprosy susceptibility and its clinical differentiation. These variants are believed to contribute to the instability and dysregulation of oxidative phosphorylation during the infection, further emphasizing their significance.
Assuntos
Hanseníase , Humanos , Hanseníase/genética , Mycobacterium leprae/genética , Pele , DNA Mitocondrial , Antígenos de BactériasRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The capitate is the largest, most central bone and the first to ossify in the wrist. It has a well-protected anatomic location, making traumatic or stress fractures extremely rare in clinical practice. Isolated fractures of the capitate bone are very uncommon and often without displacement due to the great stability provided by the intracarpal ligaments. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to report a case of isolated stress fracture of the capitate related to the work activity of a mechanic. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a 23-year-old patient complaining of pain and swelling in the left wrist for 2 months without improvement after using analgesics. On physical examination, he presented pain on palpation in the central region of the wrist, pain when performing flexion and extension movements of the wrist, and frustrated edema. Magnetic resonance imaging diagnosed a stress fracture of the capitate bone. Conservative treatment with forearm-palmar immobilization for 2 months, analgesic medication, and physical therapy rehabilitation after immobilization were performed. After the complete resolution of the symptoms, the patient started to work in a new role. DISCUSSION: There are five case reports of stress fractures in the capitate-two in teenagers and three in adults, but none of them was a mechanic. Clinical suspicion can be formulated when repetitive activity is associated with the wrist in extension and specific location of pain and swelling. Individuals with an immature skeleton are more susceptible. The development of occupational disease should be considered in similar cases of insidious and persistent pain in the palm of people with high work demands. CONCLUSION: Stress fractures of the capitate bone are a disease that must be suspected in insidious and persistent pain in the palm of the hand. Magnetic resonance imaging is the best image test to diagnose this disorder, and conservative treatment is indicated.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to investigate severe central nervous system infections (CNSI) in adults admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). We analyzed the clinical presentation, causes, and outcomes of these infections, while also identifying factors linked to higher in-hospital mortality rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective multicenter study in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 2012 to 2019. Using a prediction tool, we selected ICU patients suspected of having CNSI and reviewed their medical records. Multivariate analyses identified variables associated with in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: In a cohort of 451 CNSI patients, 69 (15.3%) died after a median 11-day hospitalization (5-25 IQR). The distribution of cases was as follows: 29 (6.4%) had brain abscess, 161 (35.7%) had encephalitis, and 261 (57.8%) had meningitis. Characteristics: median age 41 years (27-53 IQR), 260 (58%) male, and 77 (17%) HIV positive. The independent mortality predictors for encephalitis were AIDS (OR = 4.3, p = 0.01), ECOG functional capacity limitation (OR = 4.0, p < 0.01), ICU admission from ward (OR = 4.0, p < 0.01), mechanical ventilation ≥10 days (OR = 6.1, p = 0.04), SAPS 3 ≥ 55 points (OR = 3.2, p = 0.02). Meningitis: Age > 60 years (OR = 234.2, p = 0.04), delay >3 days for treatment (OR = 2.9, p = 0.04), mechanical ventilation ≥10 days (OR = 254.3, p = 0.04), SOFA >3 points (OR = 2.7, p = 0.03). Brain abscess: No associated factors found in multivariate regression. CONCLUSIONS: Patients' overall health, prompt treatment, infection severity, and prolonged respiratory support in the ICU all significantly affect in-hospital mortality rates. Additionally, the implementation of CNSI surveillance with the used prediction tool could enhance public health policies.
Assuntos
Abscesso Encefálico , Infecções do Sistema Nervoso Central , Encefalite , Meningite , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Cuidados Críticos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Infecções do Sistema Nervoso Central/epidemiologia , Meningite/epidemiologiaRESUMO
RESUMO: Objetivo: descrever o perfil da violência em relacionamentos homoafetivos entre adolescentes no estado de Pernambuco-Brasil, notificados no período de 2017 a 2021. Método: a amostra foi composta por adolescentes de 10 a 19 anos (n=925), selecionados de acordo com a orientação sexual. Dados extraídos das fichas de notificação individual de violência interpessoal/autoprovocada no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Efetuou-se a análise estatística descritiva e as proporções pelo qui-quadrado de Pearson. Resultados: vítimas com faixa etária entre 15-19 anos (61,8%), sexo masculino (93,9%), raça/cor parda (77,5%), até oito anos de estudo (51,7%) e residiam na zona urbana (77,2%). A maioria dos agressores era do sexo masculino, era namorado (a) e/ou cônjuge. Predominou as violências: sexual, física e psicológica. Conclusão: traçou-se o perfil da violência em relações homoafetivas apontando que o público masculino foi o mais propenso a sofrer e praticar a violência.
ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the profile of violence in same-sex relationships among adolescents in the state of Pernambuco-Brazil, reported between 2017 and 2021. Method: The sample consisted of adolescents aged between 10 and 19 (n=925), selected according to their sexual orientation. Data extracted from the individual notification forms for interpersonal/self-inflicted violence in the Notifiable Diseases Information System. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's chi-square analysis of proportions were carried out. Results: victims were aged 15-19 (61.8%), male (93.9%), brown (77.5%), had up to eight years of schooling (51.7%) and lived in urban areas (77.2%). Most of the aggressors were male, boyfriends, and/or spouses. Sexual, physical, and psychological violence predominated. Conclusion: a profile of violence in same-sex relationships was drawn up, showing that men were the most likely to suffer and practice violence.
RESUMEN: Objetivo: describir el perfil de la violencia en las relaciones homosexuales entre adolescentes en el estado de Pernambuco-Brasil, reportado entre 2017 y 2021. Método: La muestra estaba formada por adolescentes de entre 10 y 19 años (n=925), seleccionados según su orientación sexual. Datos extraídos de los formularios de notificación individual de violencia interpersonal/autoinfligida en el Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Declaración Obligatoria. Se analizaron las estadísticas descriptivas y se calcularon las proporciones mediante la prueba chi-cuadrado de Pearson. Resultados: las víctimas tenían entre 15 y 19 años (61,8%), eran hombres (93,9%), morenos (77,5%), tenían hasta ocho años de escolarización (51,7%) y vivían en zonas urbanas (77,2%). La mayoría de los agresores eran hombres, novios y/o cónyuges. Predominaba la violencia sexual, física y psicológica. Conclusión: se elaboró un perfil de la violencia en las relaciones homosexuales que mostraba que los hombres eran los más propensos a sufrir y practicar la violencia.