RESUMO
There is growing evidence that Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is linked with activation of Guillan-Barré syndrome (GBS) in adults infected with the virus and microcephaly in infants following maternal infection. With the recent outpour in publications by numerous research labs, the association between microcephaly in newborns and ZIKV has become very apparent in which large numbers of viral particles were found in the central nervous tissue of an electively aborted microcephalic ZIKV-infected fetus. However, the underlying related mechanisms remain poorly understood. Thus, development of ZIKV-infected animal models are urgently required. The need to develop drugs and vaccines of high efficacy along with efficient diagnostic tools for ZIKV treatment and management raised the demand for a very selective animal model for exploring ZIKV pathogenesis and related mechanisms. In this review, we describe recent advances in animal models developed for studying ZIKV pathogenesis and evaluating potential interventions against human infection, including during pregnancy. The current research directions and the scientific challenges ahead in developing effective vaccines and therapeutics are also discussed.
Assuntos
Modelos Animais de Doenças , Infecção por Zika virus , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Microcefalia/virologia , GravidezRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of low back pain nonspecific and associated factors in schoolchildren. METHOD: This cross-sectional study investigated 343 adolescents, aged between 12 and 15 years, of both sexes of public schools. The questionnaire included questions regarding sociodemographic characteristics, type of school transportation, body mass index and low back pain. The outcome was defined as discomfort localized below the costal margin and above the inferior gluteal folds in the last 12 months. RESULTS: The prevalence of low back pain in the last year was 57% (n=195) among participants, with no significant difference between the sexes (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.37). Advancing age and body mass index were associated with the presence of low back pain in the bivariate analysis. The remaining seated at school in usual days was considered one of the main activities that trigger symptoms that lasted up to seven days for the majority (80%) of adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of low back pain presented, indicating that it is a common condition among these adolescents. There was no difference between the sexes, but had influence of age and body mass index. Our results point to the need for the development epidemiological studies of low back pain among children and adolescents.
Assuntos
Dor Lombar/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
Objective: To determine the prevalence of low back pain nonspecific and associated factors in schoolchildren. Method: This cross-sectional study investigated 343 adolescents, aged between 12 and 15 years, of both sexes of public schools. The questionnaire included questions regarding sociodemographic characteristics, type of school transportation, body mass index and low back pain. The outcome was defined as discomfort localized below the costal margin and above the inferior gluteal folds in the last 12 months. Results : The prevalence of low back pain in the last year was 57% (n=195) among participants, with no significant difference between the sexes (OR 1.13, 95% CI 0.93 to 1.37). Advancing age and body mass index were associated with the presence of low back pain in the bivariate analysis. The remaining seated at school in usual days was considered one of the main activities that trigger symptoms that lasted up to seven days for the majority (80%) of adolescents. Conclusions: The high prevalence of low back pain presented, indicating that it is a common condition among these adolescents. There was no difference between the sexes, but had influence of age and body mass index. Our results point to the need for the development epidemiological studies of low back pain among children and adolescents. .
Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de dor lombar não específica e fatores associados em escolares. Método: Este estudo transversal investigou 343 adolescentes, com idade entre 12 e 15 anos, de ambos os sexos, de escolas públicas municipais. O questionário abordava características sociodemográficas, tipo de transporte escolar, índice de massa corporal e dor lombar. O desfecho foi definido como desconforto localizado abaixo da margem costal e acima das pregas glúteas inferiores nos últimos 12 meses. Resultados: A prevalência de lombalgia no último ano foi de 57% (n=195) entre os participantes, sem diferença significativa entre os sexos (RP=1,13; IC95% 0,93-1,37). O avanço da idade e o índice de massa corporal foram as variáveis associadas à presença de dor lombar na análise bivariada. O permanecer sentado na escola em dias habituais foi apontado como uma das principais atividades desencadeadoras dos sintomas que tiveram duração de até sete dias para a maioria (80%) dos adolescentes. Conclusões: A dor lombar apresentou alta prevalência, indicando que é uma condição comum entre esses adolescentes. Não houve diferença entre os sexos, entretanto teve influência da idade e do índice de massa corporal. Nossos resultados apontam para a necessidade de estudos epidemiológicos sobre dor lombar entre crianças e adolescentes. .
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Criança , Adolescente , Dor Lombar/epidemiologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Prevalência , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
The present work investigated the antinociceptive and antiinflammatory activities of the Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.) Cass., Asteraceae, aqueous extract (PRAE). For this purpose, acetic acid writhing, paw licking induced by formalin, hot-plate and pleurisy tests were performed. The doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg (p.o.) significantly inhibited the writhing 63.4, 89.6 and 94.8 percent, respectively, in comparison with control group. The lick of the paw 1st phase was reduced at the dose of 400 mg/ kg (24.9 percent), while the 2nd phase had reduction at doses 200 and 400 mg/ kg (23.1 and 34.4 percent), respectively. The PRAE inhibited the carrageenaninduced neutrophil migration to the peritoneal cavity in a higher dose (p<0.05). Taken together, our results suggest that the PRAE can constitute target potential for use in therapies of the pain and inflammation.
RESUMO
Entre os objetivos da terapia de reposiçäo de hormônios sexuais femininos em mulheres peri e pós-menopáusicas destaca-se a prevençäo de doença cardiovascular. Inexistem estudos randomizados que subsidiem o uso de estrógenos isolados ou associados a progestágenos neste contexto. Os autores revisam as evidências provenientes de estudos observacionais e de ensaios clínicos que avaliam os efeitos sobre desfechos intermediários (lipoproteínas) concluem que enquando se aguardam os estudos definitivos, parece adequado indicar terapia de reposiçäo hormonal após a menopausa com a associaçäo de estrógenos e progestágenos com o intuito de prevenir doença cardiovascular, respeitando suas contraindicaçöes