Trehalose Improved 20-min Cycling Time-Trial Performance After 100-min Cycling in Amateur Cyclists.

Carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation during endurance exercise can improve performance. However, it is unclear whether low glycemic index (GI) CHO leads to differential ergogenic and metabolic effects compared with a standard high GI CHO. This study investigated the ergogenic and metabolic effects of CHO supplementation with distinct GIs, namely, (a) trehalose (30 g/hr), (b) isomaltulose (30 g/hr), (c) maltodextrin (60 g/hr), and (d) placebo (water). In this double-blind, crossover, counterbalanced, placebo-controlled study, 13 male cyclists cycled a total of 100 min at varied exercise intensity (i.e., 10-min stages at 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 W/kg; repeated three times plus two 5-min stages at 1.0 W/kg before and after the protocol), followed by a 20-min time trial on four separated occasions. Blood glucose and lactate (every 20 min), heart rate, and ratings of perceived exertion were collected throughout, and muscle biopsies were taken before and immediately after exercise. The results showed that trehalose improved time-trial performance compared with placebo (total work done 302 ± 39 vs. 287 ± 48 kJ; p = .01), with no other differences between sessions (all p ≥ .07). Throughout the 100-min protocol, blood glucose was higher with maltodextrin compared with the other supplements at all time points (all p < .05). Heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion, muscle glycogen content, blood glucose, and lactate were not different between conditions when considering the 20-min time trial (all p > .05). Trehalose supplementation throughout endurance exercise improved cycling performance and appears to be an appropriate CHO source for exercise tasks up to 2 hr. No ergogenic superiority between the different types of CHO was established.

Anserine is expressed in human cardiac and skeletal muscles.

We evaluated whether anserine, a methylated analog of the dipeptide carnosine, is present in the cardiac and skeletal muscles of humans and whether the CARNMT1 gene, which encodes the anserine synthesizing enzyme carnosine-N-methyltransferase, is expressed in human skeletal muscle. We found that anserine is present at low concentrations (low micromolar range) in both cardiac and skeletal muscles, and that anserine content in skeletal muscle is ~15 times higher than in cardiac muscle (cardiac muscle: 10.1 ± 13.4 µmol·kg-1 of dry muscle, n = 12; skeletal muscle: 158.1 ± 68.5 µmol·kg-1 of dry muscle, n = 11, p < 0.0001). Anserine content in the heart was highly variable between individuals, ranging from 1.4 to 45.4 µmol·kg-1 of dry muscle, but anserine content was not associated with sex, age, or body mass. We also showed that CARNMT1 gene is poorly expressed in skeletal muscle (n = 10). This is the first study to demonstrate that anserine is present in the ventricle of the human heart. The presence of anserine in human heart and the confirmation of its expression in human skeletal muscle open new avenues of investigation on the specific and differential physiological functions of histidine dipeptides in striated muscles.

No Associations Between Physical Activity and Immunogenicity in SARS-CoV-2 Seropositive Patients With Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases Prior to and After Vaccination.

AIM: To investigate the association between physical activity and immunogenicity among SARS-CoV-2 seropositive patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases prior to and following a 2-dose schedule of CoronaVac (Sinovac inactivated vaccine). METHODS: This was a prospective cohort study within an open-label, single-arm, phase 4 vaccination trial conducted in Sao Paulo, Brazil. In this substudy, only SARS-CoV-2 seropositive patients were included. Immunogenicity was assessed by seroconversion rates of total anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 immunoglobulin G (IgG), geometric mean titers of anti-S1/S2 IgG, frequency of positive neutralizing antibodies, and neutralizing activity before and after vaccination. Physical activity was assessed through a questionnaire. Model-based analyses were performed controlling for age (<60 or ≥60 y), sex, body mass index (<25, 25-30, and >30 kg/m2), and use of prednisone, immunosuppressants, and biologics. RESULTS: A total of 180 seropositive autoimmune rheumatic disease patients were included. There was no association between physical activity and immunogenicity before and after vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the positive association between physical activity and greater antibody responses seen in immunocompromised individuals following vaccination is overridden by previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, and does not extend to natural immunity.

O uso das tecnologias da informação e comunicação na monitoria acadêmica de enfermagem com base na metodologia ativa / Use of information and communication technologies in academic nursing tutoring based on active methodology / El uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en el monitoreo académico de enfermería basado en la metodología activa

Objetivo: relatar a experiência do processo de implementação da monitoria acadêmica de enfermagem durante a pandemia de covid-19, utilizando as Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs). Metodologia: estudo descritivo e qualitativo na modalidade "relato de experiência" sobre as atividades realizadas na monitoria de enfermagem no período de isolamento social acerca do uso de tecnologias digitais na educação em saúde, pautado pela interação do referencial teórico, metodologia problematizadora de ensino e tecnologias. Resultados: desenvolvimento de conteúdo didático, empregando as ferramentas digitais na produção de conhecimento em saúde, além da interação e inclusão social na educação. Conclusão: através da revisão científica, interação interpessoal e desenvolvimento de habilidades e competências na área de pesquisa e docência, as alunas participantes aprimoraram sua formação acadêmica e, ainda, despertaram em si a valorização do ensino e do aprendizado, bem como a prática da carreira docente

Objective: to report on the experience of implementing an academic nursing tutoring during the COVID-19 pandemic using information and communication technologies (ICTs). Methodology: this is a descriptive, qualitative experience report on the activities developed by nursing tutoring during social distancing regarding the use of digital technologies in health education, mobilizing the theoretical framework, active methodology and technologies. Results: pedagogical content was developed by using digital tools in health-related knowledge production, as well as interaction and social inclusion in education. Conclusion: scientific review, interpersonal interaction, development of research and teaching skills and competencies allowed the participating students to improve their academic education and even awaken their appreciation for teaching and learning

Objetivo: relatar la experiencia del proceso de implementación del seguimiento académico de enfermería, en tiempos de la pandemia del covid-19 mediante las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. Metodología: estudio descriptivo y cualitativo, en forma de informe de experiencia, sobre las actividades realizadas en el acompañamiento de enfermería durante el período de aislamiento social, utilizando tecnologías digitales en la educación en salud, orientado por la interacción del marco teórico con la técnica de problematizar la enseñanza y las tecnologías. Resultados:producción de contenidos didácticos utilizando herramientas digitales en la producción de conocimiento en salud, interacción e inclusión social en educación. Conclusión:desde la revisión científica, la interacción interpersonal y el desarrollo de habilidades y competencias en el área de la investigación y la docencia, las estudiantes participantes mejoraron su formación académica e incluso despertaron en sí mismas el aprecio por la enseñanza y el aprendizaje, así como la práctica de la docencia como carrera profesiona

Physical Activity: A Strategy to Improve Antibody Response to a SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Booster Dose in Patients With Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases.

BACKGROUND: Physical activity associates with improved immunogenicity following a 2-dose schedule of CoronaVac (Sinovac's inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine) in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD). This study evaluates whether physical activity impacts vaccine-induced antibody responses to a booster dose in this population. METHODS: This was a phase-4 trial conducted in São Paulo, Brazil. Patients with ARD underwent a 3-dose schedule of CoronaVac. One month after the booster, we assessed seroconversion rates of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG, geometric mean titers of anti-S1/S2 IgG, frequency of positive neutralizing antibodies, and neutralizing activity. Physical activity was assessed through questionnaire. RESULTS: Physically active (n = 362) and inactive (n = 278) patients were comparable for most characteristics; however, physically active patients were younger (P < .01) and had a lower frequency of chronic inflammatory arthritis (P < .01). Adjusted models showed that physically active patients had ∼2 times odds of seroconversion rates (OR: 2.09; 95% confidence interval, 1.22 to 3.61), ∼22% greater geometric mean titers of anti-S1/S2 IgG (22.09%; 95% confidence interval, 3.91 to 65.60), and ∼7% greater neutralizing activity (6.76%; 95% confidence interval, 2.80 to 10.72) than inactive patients. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with ARD who are physically active have greater odds of experiencing better immunogenicity to a booster dose of CoronaVac. These results support the recommendation of physical activity to improve vaccination responses, particularly for immunocompromised individuals.

Physical activity and antibody persistence 6 months after the second dose of CoronaVac in immunocompromised patients.

This prospective cohort study within an open-label, single-arm, phase 4 vaccination trial (clinicaltrials.gov #NCT04754698) aimed to investigate the association between physical activity and persistent anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies 6 months after two-dose schedule of CoronaVac in autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD) patients (n = 748). Persistent immunogenicity 6 months after the full-course vaccination was assessed using seroconversion rates of total anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG, geometric mean titers of anti-S1/S2 IgG (GMT), and frequency of positive neutralizing antibodies (NAb). Physical activity was assessed trough questionnaire. Adjusted point estimates from logistic regression models indicated that physically active patients had greater odds of seroconversion rates (OR: 1.5 [95%CI: 1.1 to 2.1]) and NAb positivity (OR: 1.5 [95%CI: 1.0 to 2.1]), and approximately 43% greater GMT (42.8% [95%CI: 11.9 to 82.2]) than inactive ones. In conclusion, among immunocompromised patients, being physically active was associated with an increment in antibody persistence through 6 months after a full-course of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

Effect of an exercise bout before the booster dose of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine on immunogenicity in immunocompromised patients.

This randomized controlled study aimed to investigate whether a single bout of exercise before the homologous booster dose of a SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine could enhance immunogenicity in patients with spondyloarthritis. We selected 60 consecutive patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA). Patients assigned to the intervention group performed an exercise bout comprising three exercises. Then, they remained at rest for 1 h before vaccination. The control group remained at rest before vaccination. Immunogenicity was assessed before (Pre) and 1 mo after (Post) the booster using seropositivity rates of total anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG, geometric mean titers of anti-S1/S2 IgG (GMT), frequency of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) positivity, and NAb activity. At Pre, 16 patients from the exercise group and 16 patients from the control group exhibited seropositivity for IgG (59% vs. 57.1%), and 1 mo after the booster dose, seropositivity occurred in 96% versus 100% of the cases. Only 10 patients from the exercise group and 12 patients from the control group showed positive NAb serology at Pre (37% vs. 42.8%). One month following the booster, NAb positivity was 96% versus 93%. GMT was comparable between groups at Pre. At Post, GMT increased similarly in both groups. Likewise, NAb activity was similar between groups at Pre and increased similarly in both of them as a result of the booster (47.5% vs. 39.9%). In conclusion, a single bout of exercise did not enhance immunogenicity to a homologous booster dose of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine among patients with spondyloarthritis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We tested the role of exercise as an adjuvant to a booster of a COVID-19 vaccine. Immunocompromised patients were immunized after an acute bout of exercise or not. Patients exhibited an excellent immunogenicity in response to the booster dose. Exercise did not add to the vaccine effects on IgG or neutralizing antibodies.

Fluid balance during taekwondo training / Equilíbrio hídrico durante treinamento de taekwondo / Equilibrio hídrico durante entrenamiento de taekwondo

ABSTRACT Introduction Dehydration has been described as one of the main factors of reduced performance in combat sports activities, leading to death in extreme cases. Objective To investigate the pre-training hydration status and changes in fluid homeostasis during two taekwondo training sessions. Methods Eighteen male college athletes (age 22.6 ± 3.37 years) were assessed. The study design aimed to reproduce the conditions of a 90-minute taekwondo training session, divided into three stages: a) warm-up exercises (20 min); b) poomsae (30 min) and c) technical training (40 min). The athletes had ad libitum water intake during training. To assess the hydration status we considered body mass (BM), the amount of liquid consumed and urine output, which enabled us to establish absolute and relative fluid loss in kg and percentage as well as the sweating rate. We also considered urine specific gravity (USG), urine color (U-COL), and subjective sensation of thirst (Sthirst) before and after the training session. Pre- and post-training results were compared separately in each session and between sessions. Results There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in pre-training BM between the two days of training. There was a significant difference (P<0.05) in the final BM on both days of the experiment. Most subjects had relative dehydration below 2%. A significant difference (P<0.05) was recorded pre and post training for U-COL and Sthirst, with the highest rates obtained at the end of each session. Participants always started training at a low dehydration status (USG >1,020g.ml-1). Conclusions The athletes tended to start the training sessions in dehydration status, which increases over the course of the training. Ad libitum water intake was not sufficient to balance fluid loss. Changes in fluid levels between sessions were similar. Level of Evidence II; Therapeutic Studies Investigating the Results Level of Treatment.

RESUMO Introdução A desidratação tem sido descrita como um dos principais fatores de redução de desempenho em atividades de luta, levando, em casos extremos, à morte. Objetivos Investigar o estado da hidratação antes do treino e as alterações no balanço hídrico corporal durante dois treinamentos de taekwondo. Métodos Foram avaliados 18 atletas universitários do sexo masculino (22,6 ± 3,37 anos). O desenho do estudo procurou reproduzir uma condição de treinamento de taekwondo com duração de 90 minutos, dividido em três etapas: a) aquecimento (20 min.), b) poomsae (30 min.) e c) treino técnico (40 min.). Durante o treino, adotou-se o consumo de água ad libitum. Para avaliar o estado de hidratação, considerou-se a massa corporal (MC), a quantidade de líquido consumido e o volume de urina produzido, o que permitiu estabelecer a perda hídrica absoluta e relativa em kg e porcentagem, além da taxa de sudorese. Foi considerada ainda a gravidade específica da urina (GEU), bem como sua coloração (COL-U), além da sensação subjetiva de sede (SSede) antes e depois do treino. Os resultados antes e depois do treino foram comparados de forma isolada em cada sessão, assim como entre as sessões. Resultados Houve diferença significativa (P < 0,05) da MC pré-treinamento entre os dois dias de treino. Houve redução significativa (P < 0,05) da MC final em ambos os dias de experimento. A maior parte dos avaliados apresentou desidratação relativa inferior a 2%. Registrou-se diferença significativa (P < 0,05) antes e depois do treino para COL-U e para SSede, com os maiores índices obtidos ao final de cada sessão. Os participantes sempre iniciaram o comparados de forma isolada em cada sessão, assim como entre as sessões. Resultados Houve diferença significativa (P < 0,05) da MC pré-treinamento entre os dois dias de treino. Houve redução significativa (P < 0,05) da MC final em ambos os dias de experimento. A maior parte dos avaliados apresentou desidratação relativa inferior a 2%. Registrou-se diferença significativa (P < 0,05) antes e depois do treino para COL-U e para SSede, com os maiores índices obtidos ao final de cada sessão. Os participantes sempre iniciaram o treinamento em leve estado de desidratação (GEU > 1.020 g.ml-1). Conclusões Os atletas tendem a iniciar os treinamentos em estado de desidratação, que se amplia durante o treino. O consumo de líquidos ad libitum não foi suficiente para equilibrar a perda hídrica. As alterações hídricas entre as sessões foram semelhantes. Nível de Evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos- Investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción La deshidratación ha sido descrita como uno de los principales factores de reducción del desempeño en actividades de lucha, llevando, en casos extremos, a la muerte. Objetivos Investigar el estado de la hidratación antes del entrenamiento y las alteraciones en el balance hídrico corporal durante dos entrenamientos de taekwondo. Métodos Se evaluaron 18 atletas universitarios del sexo masculino (22,6 ± 3,37 años). El diseño del estudio intentó reproducir una condición de entrenamiento de taekwondo con duración de 90 minutos, dividido en tres etapas: a) calentamiento (20 min); b) poomsae (30 min); y c) entrenamiento técnico (40 min). Durante el entrenamiento, se adoptó el consumo de agua ad libitum. Para evaluar el estado de hidratación, se consideró la masa corporal (MC), la cantidad de líquido consumido y el volumen de orina producido, lo que permitió establecer la pérdida hídrica absoluta y relativa en kg y porcentaje, además de la tasa de sudoración. Fue considerada además la gravedad específica de la orina (GEO), así como su coloración (COL-O), además de la sensación subjetiva de sed (SSed), antes y después del entrenamiento. Los resultados antes y después del entrenamiento fueron comparados de forma aislada en cada sesión, así como entre las sesiones. Resultados Hubo diferencia significativa (P<0,05) de la MC preentrenamiento entre los dos días de entrenamiento. Hubo reducción significativa (P<0,05) de la MC final en ambos días de experimento. La mayor parte de los evaluados presentó deshidratación relativa inferior a 2%. Se registró diferencia significativa (P<0,05) antes y después del entrenamiento para COL-O y para SSed, con los mayores índices obtenidos al final de cada sesión. Los participantes siempre iniciaron el entrenamiento en leve estado de deshidratación (GEO > 1.020 g.ml-1). Conclusiones Los atletas tienden a iniciar los entrenamientos en estado de deshidratación, que se amplía durante el entrenamiento. El consumo de líquidos ad libitum no fue suficiente para equilibrar la pérdida hídrica. Las alteraciones hídricas entre las sesiones fueron semejantes. Nivel de Evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

The Muscle Carnosine Response to Beta-Alanine Supplementation: A Systematic Review With Bayesian Individual and Aggregate Data E-Max Model and Meta-Analysis.

Beta-alanine (BA) supplementation increases muscle carnosine content (MCarn), and has many proven, and purported, ergogenic, and therapeutic benefits. Currently, many questions on the nature of the MCarn response to supplementation are open, and the response to these has considerable potential to enhance the efficacy and application of this supplementation strategy. To address these questions, we conducted a systematic review with Bayesian-based meta-analysis of all published aggregate data using a dose response (Emax) model. Meta-regression was used to consider the influence of potential moderators (including dose, sex, age, baseline MCarn, and analysis method used) on the primary outcome. The protocol was designed according to PRISMA guidelines and a three-step screening strategy was undertaken to identify studies that measured the MCarn response to BA supplementation. Additionally, we conducted an original analysis of all available individual data on the MCarn response to BA supplementation from studies conducted within our lab (n = 99). The Emax model indicated that human skeletal muscle has large capacity for non-linear MCarn accumulation, and that commonly used BA supplementation protocols may not come close to saturating muscle carnosine content. Neither baseline values, nor sex, appeared to influence subsequent response to supplementation. Analysis of individual data indicated that MCarn is relatively stable in the absence of intervention, and effectually all participants respond to BA supplementation (99.3% response [95%CrI: 96.2-100]).

Risk management in the scope of nursing professionals in the hospital setting.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate occupational hazards affecting nursing professionals' health in the environment of the hospital. METHOD: Descriptive-exploratory research with a qualitative approach. RESULTS: The main hazards affecting nursing professionals were work overload due to the large number of patients or the small number of professionals, inadequate infrastructure, and insufficient organizational management. It became evident the work interferences in the nursing professional's life are enormous. Despite the existence of health occupational risk management, there is still a shortage of bigger endeavors to be employed in the hospital routine. As a main result of the study, a Standard Operational Protocol (SOP) for biological risk was created to be applied in a hospital setting. CONCLUSION: Based on the identification of occupational hazards, it was suggested the Standard Operational Protocol which should be standardized to manage biological occupational hazards, to ensure the adequate flow of procedures after the exposure, as well as the occupational safety of nursing professionals.

24-Week ß-alanine ingestion does not affect muscle taurine or clinical blood parameters in healthy males.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of chronic beta-alanine (BA) supplementation on muscle taurine content, blood clinical markers and sensory side-effects. METHODS: Twenty-five healthy male participants (age 27 ± 4 years, height 1.75 ± 0.09 m, body mass 78.9 ± 11.7 kg) were supplemented with 6.4 g day-1 of sustained-release BA (N = 16; CarnoSyn™, NAI, USA) or placebo (PL; N = 9; maltodextrin) for 24 weeks. Resting muscle biopsies of the m. vastus lateralis were taken at 0, 12 and 24 weeks and analysed for taurine content (BA, N = 12; PL, N = 6) using high-performance liquid chromatography. Resting venous blood samples were taken every 4 weeks and analysed for markers of renal, hepatic and muscle function (BA, N = 15; PL, N = 8; aspartate transaminase; alanine aminotransferase; alkaline phosphatase; lactate dehydrogenase; albumin; globulin; creatinine; estimated glomerular filtration rate and creatine kinase). RESULTS: There was a significant main effect of group (p = 0.04) on muscle taurine, with overall lower values in PL, although there was no main effect of time or interaction effect (both p > 0.05) and no differences between specific timepoints (week 0, BA: 33.67 ± 8.18 mmol kg-1 dm, PL: 27.75 ± 4.86 mmol kg-1 dm; week 12, BA: 35.93 ± 8.79 mmol kg-1 dm, PL: 27.67 ± 4.75 mmol kg-1 dm; week 24, BA: 35.42 ± 6.16 mmol kg-1 dm, PL: 31.99 ± 5.60 mmol kg-1 dm). There was no effect of treatment, time or any interaction effects on any blood marker (all p > 0.05) and no self-reported side-effects in these participants throughout the study. CONCLUSIONS: The current study showed that 24 weeks of BA supplementation at 6.4 g day-1 did not significantly affect muscle taurine content, clinical markers of renal, hepatic and muscle function, nor did it result in chronic sensory side-effects, in healthy individuals. Since athletes are likely to engage in chronic supplementation, these data provide important evidence to suggest that supplementation with BA at these doses for up to 24 weeks is safe for healthy individuals.

Risk management in the scope of nursing professionals in the hospital setting / La gestión de riesgo en el ámbito de la salud de profesionales de enfermería en el contexto hospitalario / O gerenciamento de risco no âmbito da saúde de profissionais de enfermagem no contexto hospitalar

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate occupational hazards affecting nursing professionals' health in the environment of the hospital. Method: Descriptive-exploratory research with a qualitative approach. Results: The main hazards affecting nursing professionals were work overload due to the large number of patients or the small number of professionals, inadequate infrastructure, and insufficient organizational management. It became evident the work interferences in the nursing professional's life are enormous. Despite the existence of health occupational risk management, there is still a shortage of bigger endeavors to be employed in the hospital routine. As a main result of the study, a Standard Operational Protocol (SOP) for biological risk was created to be applied in a hospital setting. Conclusion: Based on the identification of occupational hazards, it was suggested the Standard Operational Protocol which should be standardized to manage biological occupational hazards, to ensure the adequate flow of procedures after the exposure, as well as the occupational safety of nursing professionals.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar los factores ocupacionales que afectan la salud de los profesionales de enfermería en el ámbito hospitalario. Método: Investigación descriptiva exploratoria con abordaje cualitativa. Resultados: Los principales factores que afectaron los profesionales de enfermería han sido la sobrecarga de trabajo por el número grande de pacientes o número diminuto de los profesionales, infraestructura inadecuada y organización administrativa insuficiente. Se ha evidenciado que las interferencias del trabajo en la vida del profesional de enfermería son enormes, visto que, a pesar de existir una gestión de riesgos ocupacionales, aún hay carencia de mayores esfuerzos para aplicarlo en la rutina del hospital. Como resultado principal del estudio, se ha creado un Protocolo Operacional Estándar (POP) de riesgo biológico para ser aplicado en el hospital escenario. Conclusión: Se sugiere, a partir de la identificación de esos factores ocupacionales, la uniformización del POP para gestión de riesgos ocupacionales biológicos, con el objetivo de garantizar flujo adecuado pos exposición, así como la seguridad ocupacional de los profesionales de enfermería.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores ocupacionais que afetam a saúde dos profissionais de enfermagem no âmbito hospitalar. Método: Pesquisa descritivo-exploratória com abordagem qualitativa. Resultados: Os principais fatores que afetaram os profissionais de enfermagem foram a sobrecarga de trabalho pelo número grande de pacientes ou número diminuto dos profissionais, infraestrutura inadequada e organização gerencial insuficiente. Evidenciou-se que as interferências do trabalho na vida do profissional de enfermagem são enormes, visto que, apesar de existir um gerenciamento de riscos ocupacionais, ainda há carência de maiores esforços para aplicá-lo na rotina do hospital. Como resultado principal do estudo, criou-se um Protocolo Operacional Padrão (POP) de risco biológico para ser aplicado no hospital-cenário. Conclusão: Sugere-se, a partir da identificação desses fatores ocupacionais, a uniformização do POP para gerenciamento de riscos ocupacionais biológicos, com o intuito de garantir fluxo adequado após exposição, assim como a segurança ocupacional dos profissionais de enfermagem.

Effects of ß-alanine and sodium bicarbonate supplementation on the estimated energy system contribution during high-intensity intermittent exercise.

The effects of ß-alanine (BA) and sodium bicarbonate (SB) on energy metabolism during work-matched high-intensity exercise and cycling time-trial performance were examined in 71 male cyclists. They were randomised to receive BA + placebo (BA, n = 18), placebo + SB (SB, n = 17), BA + SB (BASB, n = 19), or placebo + placebo (PLA, n = 18). BA was supplemented for 28 days (6.4 g day-1) and SB (0.3 g kg-1) ingested 60 min before exercise on the post-supplementation trial. Dextrose and calcium carbonate were placebos for BA and SB, respectively. Before (PRE) and after (POST) supplementation, participants performed a high-intensity intermittent cycling test (HICT-110%) consisting of four 60-s bouts at 110% of their maximal power output (60-s rest between bouts). The estimated contribution of the energy systems was calculated for each bout in 39 of the participants (BA: n = 9; SB: n = 10; BASB: n = 10, PLA: n = 10). Ten minutes after HICT-110%, cycling performance was determined in a 30-kJ time-trial test in all participants. Both groups receiving SB increased estimated glycolytic contribution in the overall HICT-110%, which approached significance (SB: + 23%, p = 0.068 vs. PRE; BASB: + 18%, p = 0.059 vs. PRE). No effects of supplementation were observed for the estimated oxidative and ATP-PCr systems. Time to complete 30 kJ was not significantly changed by any of the treatments, although a trend toward significance was shown in the BASB group (p = 0.06). We conclude that SB, but not BA, increases the estimated glycolytic contribution to high-intensity intermittent exercise when total work done is controlled and that BA and SB, either alone or in combination, do not improve short-duration cycling time-trial performance.

Dispelling the myth that habitual caffeine consumption influences the performance response to acute caffeine supplementation.

This study investigates the influence of habitual caffeine intake on aerobic exercise-performance responses to acute caffeine supplementation. A double-blind, crossover, counterbalanced study was performed. Forty male endurance-trained cyclists were allocated into tertiles, according to their daily caffeine intake: low (58 ± 29 mg/d), moderate (143 ± 25 mg/d), and high (351 ± 139 mg/d) consumers. Participants completed three trials in which they performed simulated cycling time trials (TTs) in the fastest time possible following ingestion of the following: caffeine (CAF: 6 mg/kg body mass), placebo (PLA), and no supplement (CON). A mixed-model analysis revealed that TT performance was significantly improved in CAF compared with PLA and CON (29.92 ± 2.18 vs. 30.81 ± 2.67 and 31.14 ± 2.71 min, respectively; P = 0.0002). Analysis of covariance revealed no influence of habitual caffeine intake as a covariate on exercise performance (P = 0.47). TT performance was not significantly different among tertiles (P = 0.75). No correlation was observed between habitual caffeine intake and absolute changes (CAF - CON) in TT performance with caffeine (P = 0.524). Individual analysis showed that eight, seven, and five individuals improved above the variation of the test in CAF in the low, moderate, and high tertiles, respectively. A Fisher's exact test did not show any significant differences in the number of individuals who improved in CAF among the tertiles (P > 0.05). Blood lactate and ratings of perceived exertion were not different between trials and tertiles (P > 0.05). Performance effects of acute caffeine supplementation during an ~30-min cycling TT performance were not influenced by the level of habitual caffeine consumption.NEW & NOTEWORTHY There has been a long-standing paradigm that habitual caffeine intake may influence the ergogenicity of caffeine supplementation. Low, moderate, and high caffeine consumers showed similar absolute and relative improvements in cycling time-trial performance following acute supplementation of 6 mg/kg body mass caffeine. Performance effects of acute caffeine were not influenced by the level of habitual caffeine consumption, suggesting that high habitual caffeine intake does not negate the benefits of acute caffeine supplementation.

Twenty-four Weeks of ß-Alanine Supplementation on Carnosine Content, Related Genes, and Exercise.

INTRODUCTION: Skeletal muscle carnosine content can be increased through ß-alanine (BA) supplementation, but the maximum increase achievable with supplementation is unknown. No study has investigated the effects of prolonged supplementation on carnosine-related genes or exercise capacity. PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effects of 24 wk of BA supplementation on muscle carnosine content, gene expression, and high-intensity cycling capacity (CCT110%). METHODS: Twenty-five active males were supplemented with 6.4 g·d of sustained release BA or placebo for a 24 wk period. Every 4 wk participants provided a muscle biopsy and performed the CCT110%. Biopsies were analyzed for muscle carnosine content and gene expression (CARNS, TauT, ABAT, CNDP2, PHT1, PEPT2, and PAT1). RESULTS: Carnosine content was increased from baseline at every time point in BA (all P < 0.0001; week 4 = +11.37 ± 7.03 mmol·kg dm, week 8 = +13.88 ± 7.84 mmol·kg dm, week 12 = +16.95 ± 8.54 mmol·kg dm, week 16 = +17.63 ± 8.42 mmol·kg dm, week 20 = +21.20 ± 7.86 mmol·kg dm, and week 24 = +20.15 ± 7.63 mmol·kg dm) but not placebo (all P > 0.05). Maximal increases were +25.66 ± 7.63 mmol·kg dm (range = +17.13 to +41.32 mmol·kg dm), and absolute maximal content was 48.03 ± 8.97 mmol·kg dm (range = 31.79 to 63.92 mmol·kg dm). There was an effect of supplement (P = 0.002) on TauT; no further differences in gene expression were shown. Exercise capacity was improved in BA (P = 0.05) with possible to almost certain improvements across all weeks. CONCLUSIONS: Twenty-four weeks of BA supplementation increased muscle carnosine content and improved high-intensity cycling capacity. The downregulation of TauT suggests it plays an important role in muscle carnosine accumulation with BA supplementation, whereas the variability in changes in muscle carnosine content between individuals suggests that other determinants other than the availability of BA may also bear a major influence on muscle carnosine content.

Beta-alanine supplementation enhances judo-related performance in highly-trained athletes.

OBJECTIVES: In official judo competitions, athletes usually engage in 5-7 matches in the same day, performing numerous high-intensity efforts interspersed by short recovery intervals. Thus, glycolytic demand in judo is high and acidosis may limit performance. Carnosine is a relevant intracellular acid buffer whose content is increased with beta-alanine supplementation. Thus, we hypothesized that beta-alanine supplementation could attenuate acidosis and improve judo performance. DESIGN: Twenty-three highly-trained judo athletes were randomly assigned to receive either beta-alanine (6.4gday-1) or placebo (dextrose, same dosage) for 4 weeks. METHODS: Performance was assessed before (PRE) and after (POST) supplementation through a 5-min simulated fight (randori) followed by 3 bouts of the Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT). Blood samples were collected for blood pH, bicarbonate (HCO3-) and lactate determination. RESULTS: Beta-alanine supplementation improved the number of throws per set and the total number of throws (both p<0.05). Placebo did not change these variables (both p>0.05). Blood pH and HCO3- reduced after exercise (all p<0.001), with no between-group differences (all p>0.05). However, the lactate response to exercise increased in the beta-alanine group as compared to placebo (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, 4 weeks of beta-alanine supplementation effectively enhance judo-related performance in highly-trained athletes.

A interferência do estresse no trabalhador de enfermagem no ambiente hospitalar e sua relaçãocomo fator de risco para a ocorrência de câncer / Interferencia de estrés en enfermería del trabajador en ambiente en el hospital y su relación comofactor de riesgo para la ocurrencia de cáncer / The interference of stress on worker nursing in hospital environment and its relation as a risk factor for the occurrence of cancer

to identify the interference of stress on the health of nursing workers at the hospital environment; describe the problems due to stress in these professionals and to evaluate the relationship of stress as a risk factor to the propensity of cancer in nursing workers' health at the hospital environment. Method: it is an exploratory descriptive research with a qualitative approach. It was approved by the Ethics and Research under CAAE number 05818412.4.0000.5243. Results: it was observed that nursing professionals of both sectors suffer various stressful situations in their working environment, overloading and stressing. Conclusion: there must be done many things to avoid these stressful situations for both the professional nursing and other professionals since the occupational stress can cause serious problems for the worker's health...

identificar as interferências do estresse na saúde do trabalhador de enfermagem do ambiente hospitalar; descrever os problemas relacionados ao estresse na saúde desse profissional e avaliar a relação do estresse como fator de risco para a propensão ao câncer na saúde do trabalhador de enfermagem do ambiente hospitalar. Método: pesquisa exploratório-descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa. Esta foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal Fluminense sob o CAAE nº 05818412.4.0000.5243. Resultados: observou-se que os profissionais de enfermagem dos setores pesquisados sofrem diversas situações de estresse no seu ambiente de trabalho. Conclusão: muito deve ser feito para evitar as situações estressantes, tanto para o profissional de enfermagem quanto para outros trabalhadores, uma vez que o estresse ocupacional pode ocasionar problemas graves para a sua saúde...

Objetivo: identificar la interferencia del estrés sobre la salud del trabajador de Enfermería en el ambiente hospitalario, describir los problemas relacionados con el estrés en la salud de estos profesionales en el ámbito hospitalario y evaluar la relación entre el estrés como un factor de riesgo para la propensión al cáncer en la salud de los trabajadores de enfermería en el entorno hospitalario. Método: investigación descriptiva exploratoria con enfoque cualitativo, Fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación sobre CAAE número 05818412.4.0000.5243. Resultados: se observó que los profesionales de enfermería de ambos sectores sufren diversas situaciones estresantes en su ambiente de trabajo, sobrecargándolos y estresándolos. Conclusión: muchas cosas deben hacer para evitar estas situaciones de estrés, tanto para el profesional de enfermería como por otros profesionales, como el estrés laboral causando serios problemas para la salud del trabajador...

O gerenciamento de riscos ocupacionais e as interferências na saúde do trabalhador: revisão integrativa / La gestión del riesgo y la interferencia en los trabajadores de salud ocupacional: revisión integradora / The risk management and interference in occupational health worker: integrative review

To identify the main interference of work on oil rigs in occupational health; describe the actuation of nurse in the management of occupational risks on oil rigs; analyze how risk management can promote occupational health worker. Method: an integrative review, in order to answer the following research question: What is produced on the nurse in managing risks in occupational health worker oil rig? Results: companies that had nurses working in the planning for the prevention of accidents had fewer reports of work accidents and occupational diseases, as efforts to prevent these diseases were being performed with increasing frequency. Conclusion: The management of occupational risks is a major challenge for the entire multidisciplinary team of health of certain oil companies, and the nurse is the professional activities highlighted in this scope...

identificar as principais interferências do trabalho em plataformas de petróleo na saúde do trabalhador; descrever a atuação do enfermeiro no gerenciamento dos riscos ocupacionais em plataformas de petróleo; analisar como o gerenciamento de riscos ocupacionais pode promover a saúde do trabalhador. Método: revisão integrativa, com vista a responder a seguinte questão de pesquisa: O que existe produzido sobre o gerenciamento de riscos ocupacionais na saúde do trabalhador em plataforma de petróleo? Resultados: as empresas que possuíam enfermeiros atuando no planejamento para a prevenção de acidentes apresentaram menor quantidade de notificações de acidentes de trabalhos e doenças relacionadas ao trabalho, já que os esforços para prevenir estas enfermidades estavam sendo realizados com maior frequência. Conclusão: o gerenciamento de riscos ocupacionais é um enorme desafio para toda equipe multiprofissional de saúde de determinadas empresas petrolíferas, e o enfermeiro é o profissional em destaque na atuação neste âmbito...

Identificar la principal interferencia del trabajo en plataformas petroleras en salud ocupacional; describir el papel de la enfermera en la gestión de los riesgos laborales en las plataformas petrolíferas, analizar cómo la gestión del riesgo puede promover el trabajador de la salud ocupacional. Método: revisión integradora, con el fin de responder a la siguiente pregunta de investigación: ¿Qué se produce en la enfermería en el manejo de riesgos en los trabajadores de la salud ocupacional plataforma petrolera? Resultados: las empresas que habían enfermeras que trabajan en la planificación de la prevención de los accidentes tuvieron menos informes de accidentes de trabajo y enfermedades profesionales, se están realizando esfuerzos para prevenir estas enfermedades cada vez más frecuentes. Conclusión: La gestión de los riesgos laborales es un gran reto para todo el equipo multidisciplinario de salud de algunas compañías petroleras, y la enfermera son las actividades profesionales destacados en este ámbito...

O gerenciamento dos riscos ocupacionais na saúde da enfermagem no âmbito hospitalar / The management of occupational hazards in nursing health in the hospital context

Introdução: Os profissionais de enfermagem estão expostos a uma série de riscos a saúde, pois a presença de riscos ocupacionais nos ambientes de trabalho desta categoria é inevitável, uma vez que o contato com fatores químicos, biológicos, físicos, mecânicos, ergonômicos e psicossociais se faz presente em seu cotidiano. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo geral analisar como o gerenciamento de riscos ocupacionais pode promover a saúde da enfermagem no âmbito hospitalar. Os objetivos específicos foram descrever as principais interferências dos riscos ocupacionais na saúde da enfermagem que atua no âmbito hospitalar; discutir sobre a atuação do enfermeiro no gerenciamento dos riscos ocupacionais no âmbito hospitalar. Método: Pesquisa descritivo-exploratória com abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada no Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro (HUAP/UFF), localizado na cidade de Niterói, situado no estado do Rio de Janeiro, em todos os setores do referido Hospital, entre os meses de junho a novembro do ano de 2015 e janeiro e fevereiro do ano de 2016. Critérios de inclusão: enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem, atuantes em qualquer setor do HUAP tanto na gerência como na assistência; Critérios de exclusão: enfermeiros de licença por motivos diversos e férias no período de coleta de dados. Então, foram entrevistados 12 enfermeiros e 10 técnicos em enfermagem. Resultados: Os principais fatores que afetaram os profissionais de enfermagem foram a sobrecarga de trabalho pelo número grande de pacientes ou número diminuto dos profissionais, infraestrutura inadequada e organização gerencial insuficiente. Quando o profissional não descarregava o problema e o mesmo somatizava, surgiam as doenças ocupacionais e a maioria dos depoentes relatou que sofre de algum tipo de patologia que afeta a sua saúde, manifestando-se sob a forma de ansiedades, noites mal dormidas, problemas psicossomáticos, musculoesqueléticos, dentre outros. A partir destes levantamentos, percebe-se uma cadeia de problemas institucionais e sociais, ou seja, licenças médicas, encargos tributários e sociais, entre outros. Em virtude disso, ficou evidenciado que as interferências do trabalho na vida do profissional de enfermagem são enormes, visto que no HUAP apesar de existir um gerenciamento de riscos ocupacionais, ainda carece de maiores esforços para aplicar a educação permanente na rotina do hospital. Conclusão: Sugere-se a uniformização de um Protocolo Operacional Padrão (POP) sobre gerenciamento de riscos ocupacionais dentro do HUAP. Além da uniformização, torna-se necessária a implementação, que para tal, os profissionais de enfermagem deverão ter meios e condições para elaborarem e implementarem ações educativas e preventivas concernentes aos riscos e acidentes ocupacionais, caso contrário, os profissionais continuarão submetidos e expostos a estes mesmos riscos

Introduction: Nursing professionals are exposed to a number of health risks, because the presence of occupational hazards in the workplace this category is inevitable, since the contact with chemical, biological, physical, mechanical, ergonomic and psychosocial if is present in their daily lives. This study aimed to analyze how the management of occupational hazards can promote health nursing in hospitals. The specific objectives were to describe the main interference of occupational hazards in the health of nursing who works in hospitals; discuss the role of nurses in the management of occupational hazards in hospitals. Method: a descriptive and exploratory research with qualitative approach. Data collection was performed at the University Hospital Antônio Pedro (HUAP / UFF), located in the city of Niteroi, located in the state of Rio de Janeiro, in all sectors of the said Hospital, between the months of June to November 2015 and January and February 2016. Inclusion criteria: nurses and nursing technicians, operating in any sector HUAP both in management and in assistance; exclusion criteria: License nurses for various reasons and holiday in the data collection period. So, we interviewed 12 nurses and 10 nursing technicians. Results: The main factors that affected nursing professionals were the work overload by the large number of patients or small number of professionals, inadequate infrastructure and insufficient management organization. When the trader has not unloaded the problem and the same somatized, appeared occupational diseases and most deponents reported suffering from some kind of pathology that affects your health, manifesting itself in the form of anxiety, sleepless nights, psychosomatic problems, musculoskeletal, among others. From these surveys, we perceive a chain of institutional and social problems, ie sick leave, tax and social charges, among others. As a result, it was evident that the interference of work in the life of nursing professionals are enormous, as the HUAP despite a managing occupational hazards, still needs further efforts to implement lifelong learning in the hospital routine. Conclusion: It is suggested the standardization of a Standard Operating Protocol (POP) on occupational risk management within the HUAP. In addition to the standardization, implementation becomes necessary, that for such nursing professionals should have the means and conditions to develop and implement educational and preventive actions regarding the risks and occupational accidents, otherwise the professionals continue subjected and exposed to these same risks

Introducción: Los profesionales de enfermería están expuestos a una serie de riesgos para la salud, debido a la presencia de riesgos laborales en el lugar de trabajo de esta categoría es inevitable, ya que el contacto con químicos, biológicos, físicos, mecánicos, ergonómicos y psicosociales si está presente en su vida cotidiana. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar cómo la gestión de riesgos laborales puede promover la salud de enfermería en los hospitales. Los objetivos específicos fueron: describir la principal interferencia de los riesgos profesionales en la salud de enfermería que trabaja en los hospitales; discutir el papel de las enfermeras en la gestión de riesgos laborales en los hospitales. Método: estudio descriptivo y exploratorio con enfoque cualitativo. La recolección de datos se realizó en el Hospital Universitario Antonio Pedro (HUAP / UFF), con sede en la ciudad de Niteroi, situado en el estado de Río de Janeiro, en todos los sectores de dicho hospital, entre los meses de junionoviembre 2015 y enero y febrero de 2016. criterios de inclusión: las enfermeras y los técnicos de enfermería, que operan en cualquier sector de HUAP tanto en la gestión como en la asistencia; Criterios de exclusión: las enfermeras de licencia, por diversas razones y vacaciones en el período de recolección de datos. Por lo tanto, se entrevistó a 12 enfermeras y 10 técnicos de enfermería. Resultados: Los principales factores que afectan a los profesionales de enfermería fueron la sobrecarga de trabajo por el gran número de pacientes o pequeño número de profesionales, infraestructura inadecuada y la organización de gestión insuficiente. Cuando el comerciante no ha descargado el problema y la misma somatizava, aparecido enfermedades profesionales y la mayoría de los declarantes informaron que sufren de algún tipo de patología que afecta a su salud, que se manifiesta en forma de ansiedad, noches de insomnio, los trastornos psicosomáticos , musculoesquelético, entre otros. A partir de estas encuestas, percibimos una cadena de problemas institucionales y sociales, es decir, la licencia por enfermedad, impuestos y cargas sociales, entre otros. Como resultado, era evidente que la interferencia del trabajo en la vida de los profesionales de enfermería son enormes, como el HUAP pese a la gestión de riesgos laborales, todavía necesita más esfuerzos para poner en práctica el aprendizaje permanente en la rutina hospitalaria. Conclusión: Se sugiere la estandarización de un protocolo de funcionamiento estándar (POP) en la gestión de riesgos laborales dentro del HUAP. Además de la normalización, la aplicación se hace necesario, que para este tipo de profesionales de enfermería deben tener los medios y las condiciones para desarrollar e implementar acciones de educación y prevención sobre los riesgos y accidentes de trabajo, de lo contrario los profesionales siguen sometidos y expuestos a estos mismos riesgos

Validação de cartilha informativa sobre idoso demenciado pelos enfermeiros e acadêmicos de enfermagem: estudo observacional-transversal / Validación de folleto informativo acerca de ancianos demenciados por enfermeros y estudiantes de enfermería: estudio observacional transversal / Validation of informative booklet about the elderly demented by nurses and nursing students: an observational-transversal study

Objective: To validate the informative booklet as Educational Technology (ET) on care for the elderly with dementia by nurses and nursing students. Method: Transversal observational study quantitative, in which the setting was a higher education institution in the state of Rio de Janeiro, whose subjects were teachers and nursing students with data collection period of 04/04/12 to 30/06/12. Results: The validation of the booklet was satisfactory in the analysis of the evaluators, as most of the responses received adequate concepts did not show significant variations. Regarding the valuation parameter in their assessment items in large part the booklet has reached agreement on the concepts the goal. Conclusion: The validated primer can contribute to the care of people with dementias, preventing complications, development of skills of its users and promotes nursing autonomy and motivation to create new educational technologies.

Objetivo: Validar a cartilha informativa como Tecnologia Educacional (TE) sobre os cuidados ao idoso com demências pelos enfermeiros e acadêmicos de enfermagem. Método: Pesquisa quantitativa, observacional do tipo transversal, na qual o cenário foi uma instituição de ensino superior do estado do Rio de Janeiro, cujos sujeitos foram docentes e acadêmicos de enfermagem com período de coleta de dados de 04/04/12 a 30/06/12. Resultados: A validação da cartilha foi satisfatória na análise dos avaliadores, pois a maioria das respostas recebeu conceitos adequados não apresentando variações importantes. Quanto ao parâmetro de valoração em seus itens de avaliação em grande parte a cartilha possui concordância nos conceitos atingindo a meta proposta. Conclusão: A cartilha validada pode contribuir para o cuidado a pessoas com demências, prevenindo complicações, desenvolvimento de habilidades de seus usuários e favorece a autonomia e a motivação da enfermagem para inventar novas tecnologias educacionais.

Objetivo: Validar el folleto informativo como Educación Tecnológica (ET) sobre el cuidado de los ancianos con demencia por enfermeras y estudiantes de enfermería. Método: Estudio cuantitativo transversal-observacional, con escenario en una institución de educación superior en el estado de Río de Janeiro, cuyos temas fueron los profesores y estudiantes de enfermería en el período de 04/04/12 hasta 30/06/12. Resultados: La validación del folleto ha sido satisfactoria en el análisis de los evaluadores, ya que las respuestas recibieron conceptos adecuados y no mostró variaciones. En cuanto al parámetro de valoración en la evaluación de sus elementos se ha llegado a un acuerdo sobre los conceptos de la meta. Conclusión: El folleto puede contribuir para atención de personas con demencias, la prevención de complicaciones, el desarrollo de habilidades de sus usuarios y promueve autonomía de la enfermería y motivación para crear nuevas tecnologías educativas.