RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the size and direction of the association between malnutrition and low cognitive performance and to evaluate the effect of domestic violence on this association. METHODS: This cross-sectional study enrolled students of both sexes, aged 7 to 14 years old, attending public elementary schools. The Raven's Progressive Matrices Test was used to measure cognitive development, the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2), to measure domestic violence, and the body mass index (BMI) for age and sex, to define anthropometric indices. Socioeconomic data and information about food intake were also collected. Malnutrition was defined as BMI < 3rd percentile. Cognitive deficit was defined when the results of Raven's test were ≤ 25th percentile. Family violence was defined as a positive answer in at least one item about severe physical violence in the last 12 months. The size of the associations of interest was expressed as prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). RESULTS: Below-average intellectual development was found for 63.3% of the participants. Malnutrition was identified in 9.5%. Malnutrition had a negative effect on cognitive performance (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.01 - 2.52; p = 0.042) when adjusted for the association between exposure to domestic violence and age. CONCLUSION: The association between malnutrition and below-average intellectual development found in this study was affected by domestic violence, which must be taken into account when addressing the problem.
Assuntos
Transtornos Cognitivos/complicações , Violência Doméstica/estatística & dados numéricos , Desnutrição/complicações , Adolescente , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Transtornos Cognitivos/epidemiologia , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Humanos , Testes de Inteligência , Masculino , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Desnutrição/patologia , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Verificar a direção e a magnitude da associação entre desnutrição e baixo desempenho cognitivo. Além disso, avaliar a influência da violência familiar nessa relação. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal em que participaram estudantes, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 7 e 14 anos, provenientes da rede pública do ensino fundamental. O teste das matrizes progressivas de Raven foi utilizado para mensurar desenvolvimento cognitivo; as escalas táticas de conflito revisadas, para mensurar a violência familiar; e o índice de massa corporal, para diagnóstico do estado nutricional. Foram ainda obtidas informações socioeconômicas e aquelas referentes ao consumo alimentar. A desnutrição foi classificada com base no índice de massa corporal < percentil 3; o baixo nível cognitivo, nos resultados do Raven < percentil 25. Considerou-se caso de violência familiar uma resposta positiva a qualquer um dos atos de violência física grave durante os últimos 12 meses. A magnitude das associações de interesses foi expressa em razão de prevalência e respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95%. RESULTADOS: Identificou-se que 63,3% dos participantes encontravam-se com desenvolvimento intelectual abaixo da média. A desnutrição foi identificada em 9,5%. Os dados revelaram a influencia negativa da desnutrição sobre o baixo desempenho cognitivo (razão de prevalência ajustada= 1,60; intervalo de confiança de 95% = 1,01-2,52; p = 0,042), associação observada quando ajustada pela exposição a violência doméstica e idade. CONCLUSÃO: Constatou-se associação entre desnutrição e desenvolvimento intelectual abaixo da média, a qual é influenciada pela violência familiar, o que deve ser levado em consideração na abordagem do problema.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the size and direction of the association between malnutrition and low cognitive performance and to evaluate the effect of domestic violence on this association. METHODS: This cross-sectional study enrolled students of both sexes, aged 7 to 14 years old, attending public elementary schools. The Raven's Progressive Matrices Test was used to measure cognitive development, the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2), to measure domestic violence, and the body mass index (BMI) for age and sex, to define anthropometric indices. Socioeconomic data and information about food intake were also collected. Malnutrition was defined as BMI < 3rd percentile. Cognitive deficit was defined when the results of Raven's test were < 25th percentile. Family violence was defined as a positive answer in at least one item about severe physical violence in the last 12 months. The size of the associations of interest was expressed as prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). RESULTS: Below-average intellectual development was found for 63.3% of the participants. Malnutrition was identified in 9.5%. Malnutrition had a negative effect on cognitive performance (adjusted prevalence ratio [:aPR]:=1.60, 95% CI = 1.01 - 2.52; p = 0.042) when adjusted for the association between exposure to domestic violence and age. CONCLUSION: The association between malnutrition and below-average intellectual development found in this study was affected by domestic violence, which must be taken into account when addressing the problem.