RESUMO
Snakebites have a great impact in the Brazilian Amazon, being the lancehead Bothrops atrox the species responsible for most accidents, disabilities, and deaths. This study shows a case report of an indigenous patient from the Yanomami ethnicity, male, 33 years-old, envenomed by a B. atrox snake. Envenoming caused by B. atrox are characterized by local manifestations (e.g., pain and edema) and systemic manifestations, mainly coagulation disorders. The indigenous victim was admitted in the main hospital of Roraima and evolved with an unusual complication, an ischemia and necrosis of the proximal ileum, requiring segmental enterectomy with posterior side-to-side anastomosis. The victim was discharge after 27 days of hospitalization with no complaints. Snakebite envenomations may evolve with life-threatening complications, which can be treated by the antivenom following access to a healthcare unit, often late in indigenous population. This clinical case shows the need of strategies that aim improvement in the access to the healthcare by indigenous people, as well as demonstrates an unusual complication that may result from lancehead snakebites. The article also discusses the decentralization of snakebites clinical management to indigenous community healthcare centers to mitigate complications.
RESUMO
Objetivo: Descrever o cenário epidemiológico da hanseníase segundo as características clínicas e demográficas entre indivíduos dos sexos feminino e masculino. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo ecológico de série temporal. Avaliaram-se dados de pacientes notificados no Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan) durante o período de 2014 a 2017 no município de Paulo Afonso, na Bahia. Resultados: Foram notificados 130 casos novos, com taxa de detecção média nas mulheres de 14,7±5,6 por 100 mil habitantes, ou seja, valores bem acima da média estadual e nacional (p=0,011). Além disso, observou-se predominância de casos multibacilares em homens e paucibacilares em mulheres (p>0,0001). A faixa etária mais acometida foi entre 35 e 64 anos (53,1%), independentemente do sexo. Conclusão: A hanseníase apresentou-se com grau de endemicidade muito alto e acometendo prioritariamente as mulheres. Portanto, há necessidade urgente de elaboração de políticas públicas mais direcionadas ao enfrentamento da doença no município. (AU)
Objective: To describe the epidemiological scenario of leprosy according to the clinical and demographic characteristic among men and women. Methods: This is an ecological time-series study. Data from patients notified in the Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan) were evaluated from 2014 to 2017 in the municipality of Paulo Afonso, in Bahia. Results: A total of 130 new cases were reported, with an average detection rate in women of 14.7±5.6 per 100 thousand inhabitants, that is, values well above the state and national average (p=0.011). In addition, there is a predominance of multibacillary cases in men and paucibacillary cases in women (p>0.0001). The most affected age group was between 35 and 64 years old (53.1%), regardless of sex. Conclusion: Leprosy had a very high degree of endemicity affecting primarily women. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop public policies that are more focused on coping with the disease in the municipality. (AU)
