Usos y actitudes del personal de enfermería acerca de las terapias alternativas en un hospital pediátrico / Uses and attitudes of the nursing staff about alternative therapies in a pediatric hospital

Resumen

Introducción: en México el uso de las terapias alternativas es popular. El personal de enfermería es por excelencia el educador del paciente y la familia; por lo tanto, sus actitudes y opiniones son relevantes acerca del uso de las TA.

Objetivo: conocer el uso de las terapias alternativas que hace el personal de enfermería y su opinión y actitudes en torno a ese uso con los pacientes y la familia.

Metodología: estudio descriptivo transversal, mediante el cual se le aplicaron 268 cuestionarios al personal de enfermería. El cuestionario fue diseñado ex profeso y validado para su aplicación.

Resultados: el 68% utilizó terapias alternativas y la mitad consideró que son seguras, el 27% mencionó que las recomienda a los pacientes y el 5% tuvo conocimiento del tema. El uso personal se asoció con la recomendación.

Conclusiones: la mayoría no indaga el antecedente del uso de terapias alternativas que hacen los pacientes. La recomendación de su uso se basa probablemente en la experiencia personal.

Abstract

Introduction: In Mexico the use of alternative therapies is popular. Par excellence, the nursing staff educates the patient and the family members; therefore, nursing staffs attitudes and opinions are relevant about the use of these therapies.

Objective: To know the use of alternative therapies by the nursing staff and their opinion and attitudes with patients and family concerning this use.

Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study. 268 questionnaires were administered to the nursing staff. The questionnaire was designed with a purpose and validated.

Results: 68% of the nurse staff used alternative therapies, half believed these therapies are safe, 27% recommended them to patients, and 5% had knowledge of the subject. Personal use was associated with the recommendation.

Conclusions: The majority of the nursing staff does not investigate the antecedent of the use of alternative therapies by patients. The recommendation of its use is probably based on personal experience.

Differentiation in retinoblastoma and histopathological risk factors in Mexico.

PURPOSE: To describe the relationship between retinoblastoma differentiation, histopathological risk factors, age at enucleation, laterality, and genetic type (hereditary or sporadic) in a series of enucleated eyes in a referral hospital. The criteria used in other studies to classify retinoblastoma differentiation are discussed. METHODS: The authors retrospectively studied histopathological preparations of eyes with retinoblastoma treated with primary enucleation. Tumors were classified as well differentiated, undifferentiated, and moderately differentiated. Patient age at enucleation, laterality of disease, genetic form (hereditary or sporadic), and presence of histopathological risk factors (massive choroidal infiltration, postlaminar optic nerve invasion, tumor in optic nerve cut, scleral invasion, and involvement of orbital soft tissues) were analyzed. The chi-square test was used for categorical variables and analysis of variance for test mean differences. RESULTS: Histopathological risk factors were present in 23 (36%) of 63 eyes. Moderately differentiated tumors occurred at advanced ages and were more frequently associated with histopathological risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: A consensus is needed to establish the histopathological criteria of retinoblastoma differentiation. The value of rosettes as a marker of cell differentiation should be reviewed.[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2013;50(3):174-177.].