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1.
J Invest Dermatol ; 117(6): 1490-7, 2001 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11886513

RESUMO

Nucleotide excision repair is a major mechanism of defense against the carcinogenic effects of ultraviolet light. Ultraviolet B causes sunburn and DNA damage in human skin. Nucleotide excision repair has been studied extensively and described in detail at the molecular level, including identification of many nucleotide excision repair-specific proteins and the genes encoding nucleotide excision repair proteins. In this study, normal human keratinocytes were exposed to increasing doses of ultraviolet B from fluorescent sunlamps, and the effect of this exposure on expression of nucleotide excision repair genes was examined. An RNase protection assay was performed to quantify transcripts from nucleotide excision repair genes, and a slot blot DNA repair activity assay was used to assess induction of the nucleotide excision repair pathway. The activity assay demonstrated that cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers were removed efficiently after exposure to low doses of ultraviolet B, but this activity was delayed significantly at higher doses. All nucleotide excision repair genes examined demonstrated a similar trend: ultraviolet B induces expression of nucleotide excision repair genes at low doses, but downregulates expression at higher doses. In addition, we show that pre-exposure of cells to low-dose ultraviolet protected keratinocytes from apoptosis following high-dose exposure. These data support the notion that nucleotide excision repair is induced in cells exposed to low doses of ultraviolet B, which may protect damaged keratinocytes from cell death; however, exposure to high doses of ultraviolet B downregulates nucleotide excision repair genes and is associated with cell death.


Assuntos
Reparo do DNA/genética , Reparo do DNA/efeitos da radiação , Queratinócitos/fisiologia , Apoptose/efeitos da radiação , Células Cultivadas , Dimerização , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Citometria de Fluxo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos da radiação , Humanos , Queratinócitos/citologia , Antígeno Nuclear de Célula em Proliferação/genética , RNA Mensageiro/análise , Pele/efeitos da radiação , Timina/química , Transcrição Gênica/efeitos da radiação , Raios Ultravioleta
3.
Aust Health Rev ; 21(3): 17-33, 1998.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10185684

RESUMO

Hospitals are under pressure to respond to new challenges and competition. Many hospitals have used strategic planning to respond to these environmental changes. This exploratory study examines the extent of strategic planning in hospitals in two Australian States, New South Wales and Victoria, using a sample survey. Based on planning documentation, the study indicated that 47% of the hospitals surveyed did not have a strategic or business plan. A significant difference was found in the comprehensiveness of the plans between the two States. Plans from Victorian hospitals had more documented evidence of external/internal analysis, competitor orientation and customer orientation compared with plans from New South Wales hospitals. The paper discusses the limitations of the study and directions for future research.


Assuntos
Tomada de Decisões Gerenciais , Planejamento Hospitalar/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitais Públicos/organização & administração , Coleta de Dados , Competição Econômica , Administração Financeira de Hospitais , Planejamento Hospitalar/economia , Hospitais Públicos/economia , Hospitais Públicos/estatística & dados numéricos , New South Wales , Objetivos Organizacionais , Técnicas de Planejamento , Vitória
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