RESUMO
PURPOSE: Parents find it challenging to follow recommendations to brush young children after feeds at night despite the increase caries risk. This study compared three clinical recommendations (dilution, rinsing and wiping) on plaque pH after formula consumption. METHODS: Eighteen subjects were recruited. The five interventions with 2-week washout between visits included: Rinse with undiluted formula for 30 s (UF); rinse with 50% diluted formula for 30 s (DF); rinse with undiluted formula for 30 s, followed by rinsing with water for 1 minute (UF/R); rinse with undiluted formula for 30 s, followed by wiping (UF/W); rinse with 10% sucrose for 30 s as control (C). Plaque samples were collected at baseline, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 30 min after the intervention and pH measured using the plaque sampling method. RESULTS: UF/R resulted in significantly smaller pH drops at 5, 10 and 20 min compared to UF. It also resulted in higher minimum pH (UF/R: 6.34 ± 0.36 Vs UF: 6.06 ± 0.40, p = 0.02), smaller maximum pH drop (UF/R: 0.63 ± 0.35 Vs UF: 0.90 ± 0.49, p = 0.03), smaller sum of change of hydrogen ion concentration (UF/R: 9.22 × 10-7 ± 7.8 × 10-7 Vs UF: 2.30 × 10-6 ± 2.6 × 10-6, p = 0.04), and smaller area under the curve (UF/R: 7.70 ± 5.44 Vs UF: 13.44 ± 9.44, p = 0.02). DF and UF/W did not result in any significant pH change compared to UF. CONCLUSIONS: Of the three clinical recommendations, only rinsing with water for 1 min after undiluted formula reduced plaque acidogenicity. Teeth wiping with a moist cloth and 50% dilution of infant formula did not have an effect on plaque acidity.
Assuntos
Placa Dentária , Água , Animais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Placa Dentária/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Leite , SacaroseRESUMO
A new sesquiterpenoid, O-methyl nakafuran-8 lactone (1) has been isolated from a Hainan sponge Dysidea sp. and the structure of the new compound proposed by spectral data, was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The complete 1H- and 13C-NMR assignments were made on the basis of detailed 2D NMR spectral analysis. Compound 1 showed strong inhibitory bioactivity against PTP1B with IC50 value of 1.58 microM.
Assuntos
Poríferos/química , Sesquiterpenos/química , Animais , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Estrutura Molecular , Proteína Tirosina Fosfatase não Receptora Tipo 1 , Proteínas Tirosina Fosfatases/antagonistas & inibidores , Sesquiterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Difração de Raios XRESUMO
Five new (1-3, 5, and 7) and two known (4, 6) furanosesterterpene tetronic acids were isolated from the marine sponge Sarcotragus sp. by bioactivity-guided fractionation. These compounds showed cytotoxicity against a panel of five human tumor cell lines. The gross structures were established on the basis of NMR and MS analyses. The compounds showed interesting variations of geometry and absolute configuration.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/isolamento & purificação , Furanos/isolamento & purificação , Poríferos/química , Terpenos/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Artemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Dicroísmo Circular , Neoplasias do Colo , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Feminino , Furanos/química , Furanos/farmacologia , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Coreia (Geográfico) , Larva/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Estrutura Molecular , Neoplasias de Tecido Nervoso , Neoplasias Ovarianas , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Espectrofotometria Infravermelho , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Terpenos/química , Terpenos/farmacologia , Células Tumorais Cultivadas/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Erylosides G--J (1--4), four new triterpenoid saponins, were isolated from the sponge Erylus nobilis collected from Jaeju Island, Korea. On the basis of the results of combined chemical and spectral analyses, the structures of the aglycones were determined to be lanostane-based, modified penasterols. The oligosaccharide portions were composed of one unit each of L-arabinose, D-galactose, and 2-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (1 and 3) or two units of L-arabinose and one unit of 2-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (2 and 4). These compounds exhibited moderate cytotoxicty against a human leukemia cell line.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Poríferos/química , Saponinas/química , Triterpenos/química , Animais , Antineoplásicos/isolamento & purificação , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Humanos , Hidrólise , Imunossupressores/química , Imunossupressores/isolamento & purificação , Imunossupressores/farmacologia , Coreia (Geográfico) , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Oligossacarídeos/química , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/química , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/isolamento & purificação , Inibidores da Agregação Plaquetária/farmacologia , Receptores de Trombina/antagonistas & inibidores , Espectrometria de Massas de Bombardeamento Rápido de Átomos , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
A series of phospholipids, including previously undescribed compounds 4-7, were isolated by a bioactivity-guided fractionation from the marine sponge Spirastrella abata as inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis in human liver cells. These compounds were identified as lyso-PAF analogues (1-5) and lysophosphatidylcholines (6, 7) based on NMR and MS analyses. Compounds 1-7 specifically blocked the conversion of lanosterol into cholesterol in the Chang liver cell.
Assuntos
Anticolesterolemiantes/farmacologia , Colesterol/biossíntese , Mediadores da Inflamação/farmacologia , Fígado/metabolismo , Lisofosfatidilcolinas/farmacologia , Fator de Ativação de Plaquetas/análogos & derivados , Poríferos/metabolismo , Animais , Anticolesterolemiantes/isolamento & purificação , Linhagem Celular , Células Cultivadas , Depressão Química , Humanos , Inibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Redutases/farmacologia , Mediadores da Inflamação/química , Mediadores da Inflamação/isolamento & purificação , Lanosterol/biossíntese , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/enzimologia , Lovastatina/análogos & derivados , Lovastatina/farmacologia , Lisofosfatidilcolinas/química , Lisofosfatidilcolinas/isolamento & purificação , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Fator de Ativação de Plaquetas/química , Fator de Ativação de Plaquetas/isolamento & purificação , Fator de Ativação de Plaquetas/farmacologia , Poríferos/químicaRESUMO
Nucleoside diphosphate kinases (NDP kinases), products of the nm23 gene, catalyze the transfer of the terminal phosphate group of the nucleoside triphosphate to the corresponding diphosphate and may be involved in tumor metastasis suppression, development, and signal transduction. NDP kinase from various sources including human erythrocytes, rat brain tissue and E. coli strain BL21 transformed with pET3C expression plasmids containing nm23-H1 or nm23-H2, were purified in one step to homogeneity using ATP-sepharose affinity column chromatography. This method was applicable for the purification of various NDP kinases which show the same enzymatic activity and immunodetection, but have various molecular weight and quaternary structures.
Assuntos
Cromatografia de Afinidade/métodos , Isoenzimas/química , Isoenzimas/isolamento & purificação , Núcleosídeo-Difosfato Quinase/química , Núcleosídeo-Difosfato Quinase/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Encéfalo/enzimologia , Dictyostelium/enzimologia , Drosophila/enzimologia , Eritrócitos/enzimologia , Humanos , Isoenzimas/sangue , Peso Molecular , Myxococcus/enzimologia , Núcleosídeo-Difosfato Quinase/sangue , Conformação Proteica , Ratos , Sefarose/análogos & derivadosAssuntos
Alcaloides/isolamento & purificação , Antifúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Poríferos/química , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa/isolamento & purificação , Alcaloides/farmacologia , Animais , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Candida/efeitos dos fármacos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Oxirredução , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa/farmacologiaRESUMO
Investigation of the cytotoxic constituents of a two-sponge association (Poecillastra sp. and Jaspis sp.) led to the isolation of pectenotoxin II [1] and psammaplin A as the active compounds. In an in vitro cell culture assay, 1 displayed very potent cytotoxic activities against human lung (A-549), colon (HT-29), and breast (MCF-7) cancer cell lines. Pectenotoxin II also exhibited selective cytotoxicity against several cell lines representing ovarian, renal, lung, colon, CNS, melanoma, and breast cancer, with differences in LC50 values between sensitive and resistant cell lines of 100-fold or more.