RESUMO
The genus Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) has a wide and disjunct geographic distribution ranging from Eastern and South Asia to Malaysia, extending across the Neartics and reaching into the Neotropics. Regarding its infrageneric classification, the genus is divided into three subgenera: Yulania, Gynopodium and Magnolia, the latter including the section Talauma in which the native Brazilian taxa are classified. The species of Magnoliasect.Talauma can be recognized by two parallel longitudinal scars on the petiole formed by the shedding of the stipules, in addition to a woody syncarp that breaks into irregular plates at dehiscence. Currently, in Brazil, species recognition is not clear on national platforms that are widely used by the Brazilian botanical community (e.g. Flora do Brasil), with only two native Magnolia species being accepted: M.amazonica and M.ovata. The lack of knowledge about the species and their respective characteristics has resulted in many identification errors in Brazilian herbaria, which contributes to the lack of knowledge about their current conservation status. We conducted a complete taxonomic revision based on extensive fieldwork, a herbarium survey, along with literature study. Based on this, we propose to recognize three previously described species, supporting the acceptance of five native Magnolias occurring in Brazil, namely: M.amazonica, M.brasiliensis, M.irwiniana, M.ovata and M.sellowiana. However, we follow the Flora do Brasil in maintaining M.paranaensis as a synonym of M.ovata. Additionally, we designate a lectotype for M.sellowiana. We present morphological descriptions and the geographic distribution for each species, in addition to an identification key to all of these plus the two introduced ornamental species from Asia and North America, illustrations, photographs, ecological data, updated conservation status and taxonomic notes.
RESUMO
Cuscutamantiqueirana Costea, S.S. Silva & Sim.-Bianch. a new species from montane cloud forests of the Serra da Mantiqueira, Brazil, is described and illustrated. The morphological and phylogenetic analyses revealed that the new species belongs to sect. Subulataeofsubg.Grammica. The new species is related to C.odoratavar.botryoides, C.rotundiflora and C.globiflora from which it differs in narrower calyx lobes and the presence of four stomatiferous lobes or projections at the distal part of the ovary. A detailed morphological comparison with C.odoratavar.botryoides, morphologically the most similar taxon, is provided along with the geographical distribution, ecology and host range of the species. The morphological and phylogenetic relationships of the new species, as well as the diversity of stomatiferous projections, are discussed in the broader context of sect. Subulatae and subg. Grammica. Cuscutabolivianavar.paranensis is considered a synonym of C.odoratavar.botryoides.
RESUMO
Objetivos: assumindo a obrigatoriedade de classificação ICPC-2 em cada consulta, conhecer a informação, em consultas passadas pelo método de Weed-SOAP segundo o gênero e idade de quem consulta o médico (consulente ou paciente), caracterizando o nível de registro pelo método SOAP em Subjetivo (S) - classificação e anotações - em Objetivo (O) anotações sobre o estado do paciente, em Avaliação (A) da classificação e em Plano (P) da classificação e anotações. Métodos: estudo observacional, transversal em outubro de 2012, em amostra aleatorizada das consultas presenciais de dois médicos orientadores de internato de especialidade, em três meses sorteados do 1º semestre de 2012, e em quatro dias sorteados em cada mês, em amostra representativa com intervalo de confiança de 95% e margem de erro de 6%. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: amostra de 318 consultas, n=149 (46,9%) no gênero masculino, n=61 (19,2%) no grupo etário <18 anos e n=194 (61,0%) no ≥18 e <65 anos, ns por grupos etários e gênero. Em S, há classificação em 98,7% e anotação em 47,2% das consultas; Em O, verificamos "As anotações demonstram o estado do paciente" em 66,0% e "As anotações são explícitas e entendíveis" em 79,9%; em A, 97,8% das consultas têm classificação; Em P, há classificação em 96,5% e anotações explicando o plano em 23,0% das consultas. Distribuição sem significado por grupo etário para as variáveis estudadas. É mais frequente haver no gênero feminino em S "As anotações são explícitas e entendíveis" e em P "Há classificação de procedimentos". Conclusão: há campo para mais completa coleta da informação na consulta, permitindo, assim, melhor conhecimento de cada consulta e caso para o futuro.
Objectives: assuming the mandatoriness of ICPC2 classification in every consultation, the objective of this study was to ascertain the frequency of this type of classification in past consultations. This analysis was performed using the Weed-SOAP method, where Subjective (S) is measured by classifications and annotations, Objective (O) by annotations, Avaliation (A) by classification, and Plan (P) by classification and annotations. Methods: a cross-sectional observational study was performed in October 2012, with a 95% confidence interval and 6% error margin, on a representative random sample of consultations conducted on 4 random days of 3 random months of the first semester of 2012, and data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: among the sample of 318 consultations, 149 (46.9%) were with male patients and 61 (19.2%) were aged under 18 years, while 194 (61.0%) were aged 18 or above but under 65 years, after sorting by age groups and gender. In terms of S, 98.7% of consultations had an ICPC-2 classification and 47.2% had an annotation; in terms of O, 66.0% had an annotation demonstrating the state of the patient and 79.9% were explicit; in terms of A, 97.8% had a classification; and in terms of P, 96.5% had a classification and 23.0% had an annotation explaining the plan. There was no statistically significant difference by age group for the studied variables. However, for gender, women had more "Clear and explicit" annotations in S, and "Classification of plan" instances in P. Conclusion: more complete recall of information in consultations is required in order to gain better knowledge about individual consultations and patients for future use.
Objetivos: asumiendo la obligatoriedad de clasificar con la ICPC-2 en cada consulta, conocer la información, en consultas tras-efectuadas pelo método Weed-SOAP según el género y edad de quien consulta al médico (los pacientes), caracterizando el nivel de registro por el método SOAP en Subjetivo (S) - clasificación y anotaciones - en Objetivo (O) apuntes sobre el estado del paciente, en Evaluación (A) de la clasificación y en Pleno (P) de la clasificación y apuntes. Métodos: estudio observacional, transversal en octubre del 2012, en muestra aleatoria de las consultas presenciales de dos médicos tutores de residencia de la especialidad, por tres meses sorteados del 1º semestre del 2012 y en cuatro días sorteados en cada mes, en muestra representativa con intervalo de seguridad del 95% y margen de error del 6%. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados: muestra de 318 consultas, n=149 (46,9%) en el género masculino, n=61 (19,2%) en el grupo de edad <18 años y n=194 (61,0%) en el ≥18 y <65 años, ns por grupos de edad y género. En S, hay clasificación en el 98,7% y apuntes en el 47,2% de las consultas; En O, verificamos "Los apuntes demuestran el estado del paciente" en 66,0% y "Los apuntes son explícitos y comprensibles" en el 79,9%; en A, el 97,8% de las consultas tienen clasificación; En P, hay clasificación en el 96,5% y apuntes explicando el plan en el 23,0% de las consultas. Distribución sin significado por grupo de edad para las variables estudiadas. Es más frecuente haber en el género femenino en S "Los apuntes son explícitos y comprensibles" y en P "Hay clasificación de procedimientos". Conclusión: hay campo para un recogido de informaciones más completo, permitiendo de esta manera, mejor conocimiento de cada consulta en el futuro.