[Clinico-biochemical and hematological studies in acute monensin poisoning in swine]. / Kliniko-biokhimichni i khematologichni prouchvaniia na akutno otraviane s monenzin pri svine.

Investigations were carried out with pigs divided into four groups and treated with monensin-Na at rates of 20, 30, and 50 mg/kg, once only, through a nose-pharyngeal tube. The total change in the clinical status was followed up. Most characteristic were found to be the changes setting in with the posture and locomotive apparatus--prolonged lying, pareses, etc. Blood was checked in the dynamic course of the disease at the 4th and the 24th hour as well as on the 6th day following monensin-Na treatment. The amount of haemoglobin and the erythrocyte count rose in the early stage of intoxication, and came back to normal after the 24 th hour. Leukocytosis with neutrophilia was also found. The serum level of selenium, calcium, vitamins A, B1, and C dropped substantially, while that of phosphorus and magnesium rose. The morphologic changes were found to be localized in the parenchymal organs and in the skeletal muscles. Featuring were diffuse hyperaemia, haemorrhages, granular degeneration, and focal necrosis.

[Dynamics of thyroid hormones and hematological and biochemical indices in chronic nitrate poisoning in sheep]. / Dinamika na tireoidnite khormoni i niakoi khematologichni i biokhimichni pokazateli pri khronichno nitratno otraviane na ovtse.

Experimental researches were carried out on sheep, fed with forage, containing 0.6% nitrate in the dry substance of the ration with the aim to follow the dynamics of the thyroid hormones, respectively the functions of the thyroid gland and its connection with some hematologic and biochemical indexes in the blood (methaemoglobin, blood sugar, carotene and vitamin A). It is ascertained that T3 and T4 decrease during the development of chronic nitrate poisoning, and the blood sugar and methaemoglobin are increased. The quantity of carotene and vitamin A is decreased, as a hypovitaminosis condition of the animal organism is achieved.

[Action of fenitrothion (Agria 1050) on the development of a surgical infection with Corynebacterium pyogenes in sheep]. / Deistvie na fenitrotiona (Agriia 1050) vurkhu razvitieto na khirurgichnata infektsiia pri ovtse s Corynebacterium pyogenes.

Investigations were carried out on twelve Starozagorska breed sheep divided into two groups of 6 animals each. All sheep were treated with phenitrothion (Agria-50) at the rate of 300 mg per kg body mass, singly, by means of a stomach tube. At the first hour of treatment the sheep of the second group were injected with 3 cm3 broth culture of Corynebacterium pyogenes. The general condition, the manifestation of signs of toxicity, and some paraclinical indices were followed up. The animals of the first group exhibited symptoms of toxicity and changes in the paraclinical indices, which was characteristic of the weak form of the infection course. Those of the second group developed the disease at a rapid course, with affection of the general state, atony of the forestomach, substantial changes in the hemopoiesis, the enzyme activity, the glycogenesis process, and the blood picture (erythropenia, drop of the hemoglobin content, higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate, leukocytosis with neutrophilia, strong drop of plasmal and serum cholinesterase, hyperglycaemia). Results pointed to the fact that Agria-1050 intoxication aggravated the course of the supurative surgical infection.

[Toxicologic research on acute poisoning with fenitrothion (Agria 1050) in chickens]. / Toksikologichno prouchvane na ostro otraviane s fenitrotion (Agriia-1050) pri kokoshki.

An experiment was carried out with a total of 48 chickens, aged 11 months, and divided into 8 groups. The first two groups were kept as controls, and the remaining groups ere treated with phenitrothion as follows: III--100 mg/kg; IV--200 mg/kg; V--300 mg/kg; VI--500 mg/kg; VII--700 mg/kg; and VIII--800 mg/kg. It was found that the disease ran its course with characteristic clinical signs--laboured respiration of higher rate and dullness. Most characteristic were the drop of cholinesterase activity up to 71 per cent and the rise of blood sugar by 49 per cent. The clinical symptoms were found to correlate with the decrease in cholinesterase activity of blood plasma.

[Cerebrocortical necrosis in calves, sheep and goats]. / Prouchvane na tserebrokortikalnata nekroza pri teleta, ovtse i kozi.

Cerebrocortical necrosis was induced through the oral application of amprolium to calves (0.250 g/kg to 1.00 g/kg) and weaned lambs and goats (1.25 g/kg) in the course of 25 to 35 days. In order to shed light on the etiology of the disease an experiment was carried out with a ration rich in carbohydrates for calves and sheep. Clinically, the disease was manifested with nervous symptoms. Biochemically, a drop of the amount of B1 in the blood serum, liver, and brain was established, along with a rise of pyruvic acid in the blood serum. Morphologically, most characteristic were the laminar necroses, the domination colliquative processes that led to deformation, and the atrophy of the folds of the brain cortex. Analogous changes were found also in the investigation of the spontaneously affected calves and lambs originating from different farms.

[Liver diseases and their relationship to forestomach function in highly productive cows]. / Prouchvane vurkhu chernodrobnite zaboliavaniia i tiakhnata vruzka s funktsiiata na predstomashiiata u visokoproduktivni kravi.

Studied were 12 cows with protracted, recurrent acidosis of the rumen, 4 cows with alkalosis, and 2 calves with experimental acidosis, following up the changes in the rumen content and their impact on the liver. The diseased animals were investigated both clinically and by laboratory tests with regard to alkaline phosphatase, plasma cholinesterase, SGOT, SGPT, alkali reserves, bilirubin, blood sugar, protein function of the liver (flocculation tests), biopsy of the liver, urine pH, urobilinogen, sedimentation test and ketone bodies, rumen pH, rumen infusoria, glucose-fermenting and cellulose-digesting activity, breakdown of nitrates, butyric acid, and ammonia gas. It was found that recurrent physiologic deviations of the rumen content play an essential pathogenetic role in liver injury. The more substantial and continuous the deviations the more severe the liver diseases. Studies revealed that along with other factors the recurrent acidosis and alkalosis of the rumen content could be claimed to be an immediate cause of the liver diseases in high producing cows. Histologically, the liver of cows with slightly expressed acidosis of the rumen showed granular degeneration, and of cows with protracted acidosis--fatty degeneration, activation of the reticulo-endothelial system, and leukocytes in the capillar sinusoids. Liver biopsy in the case of experimental acidosis demonstrated also decrease in the glycogen content of the hepatocytes.

[Toxicity of hydroxyquinoline derivatives]. / Prouchvaniia vurkhu toksichnostta na niakoi khidroksikhinolinovi proizvodni.

We studied a 90 day toxicity in dogs of the compound broxyquinoline + broxaldine--5:1 (enteroquin), applied orally and daily in doses of 0.1 and 0.2/kg t/24 h. We established the toxic manifestations during the period after the 15th day of the treatment: leukopenia, neutropenia and lymphocytosis (by 0.2 kg t/24 h). After the second and fifth day we observed a decrease of appetite, depression of the CNS, paralyses, arrhythmia, progressing loss in weight, proteinorrhea (more pronounced with those receiving 0.2/kg t (24 h); lethal consequence with some part of the animals 25% (ba 0.1/kg t) and 50% (by 0.2 kg t). We found out pathohistologically necrobiotic changes in the medulla oblongata and the kidneys, toxic distrophy of the liver, blood-vessel injuries. The toxic changes observed can be interpreted in connection with the presence of a species specific reaction.

[Clinical and paraclinical changes in cattle with traumatic pericarditis before and after pericardial puncture]. / Vurkhu niakoi klinichni i paraklinichni promeni u govedoto pri travmatichniia perikardit perdi i sled puntsiia na perikarda.

A puncture of the pericardium has been performed on cows with a traumatic pericarditis. The clinical status has been taken and paraclinical investigations prior to and after the puncture have been carried out. Following a puncture of the pericardium, up to the 12th hour, the movements of the rumen decrease or entirely disappear, and are restored again later, while respiratory movements and the heart activity become ever more frequent. A leucocytosis occurs without a trend towards a return to the initial level as well as neutrophilia with a nuclear left-shifting to metamyelocytes. The clinical and paraclinical changes in cattle with a traumatic pericarditis, after a puncture of the pericardium, point to a deterioration in the condition and a possible exitus.

[Varying sensitivity to copper poisoning in the sheep and cattle of Pirdop District]. / Vurkhu razlichnata chuvstvitelnost kum mednoto otraviane na ovtse i goveda ot raiona na Pirdop.

The clinical picture manifested by sheep and cows in the region of Pirdop has been followed up in the course of three years. The content of copper was quantitatively determined in the milk, liver, kidney, spleen, and skeletal musculature of 20 cows and 50 clinically normal and 50 clinically affected sheep exibiting a hemolytical crisis. Though the animals were fed one and the same type of forages the amount of copper in the liver of cattle was within the range of 48 up to 98.54 mg/kg, and in sheep it ranged from 84.9 up to 828 mg/kg dry matter. This explains the low sensitivity of cattle as compared to sheep so far as copper intoxication is concerned. The deposition of copper in the kidneys, spleen, and skeletal musculature started from the beginning of the hemolytical crisis, and in the liver--prior to it.