Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis feeding reduces the early stage of chemically induced rat colon carcinogenesis.

Colorectal cancer is the third most diagnosed cancer worldwide and linked to dietary/lifestyle factors. Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis (AP) contains bioactive compounds with beneficial effects in vivo/in vitro. We evaluated the effects of AP feeding against 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon carcinogenesis. Male Sprague Dawley rats were given subcutaneous injections of DMH (4 × 40 mg/kg body weight) (G1-G3) or vehicle (G4-G5) twice a week (weeks 3-4). During weeks 1-4, animals were fed a diet containing 1 % (G2) or 2 % (G3-G4) AP powder (w/w). After this period, all groups received a balanced diet until week 12. Some animals were euthanised after the last DMH injection (week 4) for histological, immunohistochemical (Ki-67, γ-H2AX and caspase-3) and molecular analyses (real time-PCR for 91 genes), while other animals were euthanised at week 12 for preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) analysis. Both AP treatments (G2-G3) significantly decreased the DMH-induced increase in γ-H2AX (DNA damage) and caspase 3 (DNA damage-induced cell death) in colonic crypts at week 4. In addition, Cyp2e1 (Drug metabolism), Notch1, Notch2 and Jag1 genes (Notch pathway) and Atm, Wee1, Chek2, Mgmt, Ogg1 and Xrcc6 genes (DNA repair) were also down-regulated by 2 % AP feeding (G3) at week 4. A significant reduction in ACF development was observed in both AP-treated groups (G2-G3) at week 12. In conclusion, findings indicate that AP feeding reduced acute colonic damage after DMH, resulting in fewer preneoplastic lesions. Our study provided mechanistic insights on dietary AP-preventive effects against early colon carcinogenesis.

Ultrastructural and enzymatic alterations in the ovary of Rhodnius prolixus infected with Trypanosoma rangeli

Objective: To investigate the morphological structure of ovarian follicular cells and biochemical parameters of both ovaries and fat bodies (sites of vitellogenesis) from Rhodnius (R.) prolixus infected with Trypanosoma (T.) rangeli. Methods: Adult virgin females of R. prolixus were fed upon a membrane apparatus containing heat-inactivated citrated rabbit blood and a suspension of T. rangeli epimastigotes (Macias strain). Females from the control group and all the males received parasitefree blood. Transmission electron microscopy was used to reveal the morphological aspects of ovarian follicle cells in both control and parasite-infected groups. Protein profile, proteolytic activities and Western blotting analyses were performed in either ovary or fat body samples of control and parasite-infected groups. Results: According to the ultrastructural data, T. rangeli infection elicited a degeneration process in the ovarian follicular cells of R. prolixus. Proteolytic assays indicated a reduction in the activity of aspartic peptidases in the ovary and fat body from parasite-infected group, while a significant increase in the cysteine peptidase activity was measured in both insect organs. Additionally, immunoblotting revealed that vitellogenin was overexpressed in the ovary of parasite-infected insects. Conclusions: T. rangeli infection seems to elicit an early programmed cell death in the ovarian follicle cells as well as induces the modulation on the activities of different peptidase classes in either ovaries or fat bodies and the overexpression of the vitellogenin in the ovary of R. prolixus.

Ultrastructural and enzymatic alterations in the ovary of Rhodnius prolixus infected with Trypanosoma rangeli

Objective: To investigate the morphological structure of ovarian follicular cells and biochemical parameters of both ovaries and fat bodies (sites of vitellogenesis) from Rhodnius (R.) prolixus infected with Trypanosoma (T.) rangeli. Methods: Adult virgin females of R. prolixus were fed upon a membrane apparatus containing heat-inactivated citrated rabbit blood and a suspension of T. rangeli epimastigotes (Macias strain). Females from the control group and all the males received parasitefree blood. Transmission electron microscopy was used to reveal the morphological aspects of ovarian follicle cells in both control and parasite-infected groups. Protein profile, proteolytic activities and Western blotting analyses were performed in either ovary or fat body samples of control and parasite-infected groups. Results: According to the ultrastructural data, T. rangeli infection elicited a degeneration process in the ovarian follicular cells of R. prolixus. Proteolytic assays indicated a reduction in the activity of aspartic peptidases in the ovary and fat body from parasite-infected group, while a significant increase in the cysteine peptidase activity was measured in both insect organs. Additionally, immunoblotting revealed that vitellogenin was overexpressed in the ovary of parasite-infected insects. Conclusions: T. rangeli infection seems to elicit an early programmed cell death in the ovarian follicle cells as well as induces the modulation on the activities of different peptidase classes in either ovaries or fat bodies and the overexpression of the vitellogenin in the ovary of R. prolixus.

Evaluation of vitamin D receptor expression in uterine leiomyoma and nonneoplastic myometrial tissue: a cross-sectional controlled study.

BACKGROUND: Uterine myomas are the most frequent benign solid pelvic tumors in women of reproductive age. At present, uterine myomas are the most common indication for hysterectomy because of the morbidity they cause, including intense bleeding, compression of adjacent organs, pain, and infertility. Some studies show that vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression is correlated with the etiology of uterine leiomyomas. This study aimed to assess the expression of VDR in uterine leiomyoma and nonneoplastic myometrial tissue. METHODS: A controlled cross-sectional study involving 40 women who underwent abdominal hysterectomy the Department of Gynecology of the Getúlio Vargas Hospital of Federal University of Piauí, Brazil, was performed to compare the immunohistochemical expression of VDR in samples of uterine leiomyoma tissue with adjacent nonneoplastic myometrial tissue. The mean percetages of stained nuclei in the two groups was compared by Student's t teste, with significance established at p < 0.05. RESULTS: The percentage of cells with nuclei stained by anti-VDR in the myometrial and leiomyoma tissue was 79.52 % (± 4.32) and 60.22 % (± 7.24), respectively (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The mean percentage of nuclei expressing VDR was significantly lower in the uterine leiomyoma than in nonneoplastic myometrial tissue.

Evaluation of KI-67 expression in uterine leiomyoma and in healthy myometrium: a pilot study

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE Evaluate the expression of KI-67 in uterine leiomyomas and adjacent myometrial tissue and verify the existence of a correlation between clinical parameters and KI-67 expression in tumors. METHODS This is a cross-sectional, controlled, analytical study. Samples of leiomyomas and myometrium were obtained from patients who underwent hysterectomy. The samples were processed by immunohistochemistry using KI-67 antibody, and the expression was evaluated by two blinded observers. Student›s T-test was used for comparison of means, and Pearson›s P test for correlation with clinical parameters. RESULTS A total of 9 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 40.7 years, ranging from 35 to 44 years. The mean expression of KI-67 in myometrium was 1.63%, and, in leiomyomas, 5.96% (p <0.001). The highest expression of KI-67 was moderately related to the severity of anemia, bleeding, and pain level. CONCLUSION The expression of KI-67 in normal myometrium was significantly lower than in leiomyomas. The highest expression of KI-67 was moderately related to the severity of anemia, bleeding, and pain level in the patients of this study.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Avaliar a expressão do KI-67 em leiomiomas uterinos e tecido miometrial adjacente e verificar a existência de correlação entre parâmetros clínicos e expressão do KI-67 em tumores. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal, controlado e analítico. Amostras de leiomiomas e miométrio foram obtidas de pacientes que realizaram histerectomia. As amostras foram processadas por imuno-histoquímica utilizando anticorpo para KI-67 e a expressão avaliada por dois observadores cegos. O teste t de Student foi utilizado para comparação de médias e o teste P de Pearson para correlação com parâmetros clínicos. RESULTADOS Um total de 9 pacientes foi incluído no estudo. A idade média foi de 40,7 anos, variando de 35 a 44 anos. A expressão média do KI-67 no miométrio foi de 1,63% e nos leiomiomas de 5,96% (p <0,001). A maior expressão do KI-67 foi moderadamente relacionada com a gravidade da anemia, sangramento e nível de dor. CONCLUSÃO A expressão do KI-67 no miométrio normal foi significativamente menor que nos leiomiomas. A maior expressão do KI-67 foi moderadamente relacionada à gravidade da anemia, sangramento e nível de dor nos pacientes deste estudo.

Práticas de lazer do povo indígena Tremembé / Practices of leisure of indigenous people Tremembé

Verifica, descreve e traça um perfil, através do método etnográfico, das práticas de lazer do povo indígena Tremembé de Almofala, no município de Itarema, estado do Ceará. Para a coleta dos dados utilizaram-se entrevistas estruturadas, relatos, fotos e vídeos, abrangendo 78 pessoas de 04 a 87 anos, indígenas residentes na praia de Almofala. Através da análise dos dados foi apontado como principais resultados o perfil, a singularidade e a descrição do lazer, bem como traços da cultura inseridos nesse processo; verificando que ainda há uma grande diversidade dessas práticas, com o sentimento de grupo envolvido em várias das atividades.

It verifies, describes and traces a profile, through the ethnographic method, of the leisure practices of the Tremembé indigenous people of Almofala, in the municipality of Itarema, state of Ceará. For the data collection, structured interviews, reports, photos and videos were used, covering 78 people from 04 to 87 years old, indigenous residents in the beach of Almofala. Through the analysis of the data, the profile, singularity and description of the leisure as well as traces of the culture inserted in this process were pointed out as main results; verifying that there is still a great diversity of these practices, with the group feeling involved in several of the activities.

Brain Metastasis in Papillary Serous Adenocarcinoma of the Endometrium.

BACKGROUND: Most endometrial cancers (75%) are diagnosed in early stages (stages I and II), in which abnormal uterine bleeding is the most frequent clinical sign. When the diagnosis is performed in stage IV, the most common sites of metastasis are the lungs, liver and bones. Central nervous system (CNS) metastasis is a rare condition. The aim of this study is to describe a case of uterine papillary serous adenocarcinoma of the endometrium that progressed to brain and bone metastases. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a 56-year-old woman with abnormal uterine bleeding and endometrial thickened echo (1.8 cm). A hysteroscopy with biopsy was performed, which identified poor differentiated serous adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. A total abdominal hysterectomy, with pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy, was performed. Analysis of the surgical specimen revealed a grade III uterine papillary serous adenocarcinoma. Adjuvant radio/chemotherapy (carboplatin and paclitaxel-six cycles) was indicated. Sixteen months after the surgery, the patient began to complain of headaches. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an expansile mass in the right parietal lobe, suggesting a secondary hematogenous implant subsequently confirmed by biopsy. She underwent surgery for treatment of brain metastasis, followed by radiotherapy. She died 12 months after the brain metastasis diagnosis due to disease progression. CONCLUSION: Uterine papillary serous adenocarcinoma of the endometrium has a low propensity to metastasize to the brain. To the best of our knowledge, this is the fifth documented case of uterine papillary serous adenocarcinoma of the endometrium with metastasis to the CNS.

FUNDAMENTOS: A maioria dos cânceres de endométrio (75%) é diagnosticada em estágios iniciais (estágios I e II), nos quais o sangramento uterino anormal é o sinal clínico mais frequente. Quando o diagnóstico é realizado no estágio IV, os locais mais comuns de metástase são os pulmões, o fígado e os ossos. A metástase para o sistema nervoso central (SNC) é uma condição rara. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever um caso de adenocarcinoma seroso-papilífero do endométrio que progrediu para metástases cerebral e óssea. RELATO DE CASO: Apresentamos o caso de uma mulher de 56 anos com sangramento uterino anormal e eco endometrial espessado (1,8 cm). Foi realizada histeroscopia com biópsia que identificou adenocarcinoma seroso-papilífero pouco diferenciado do endométrio. Uma histerectomia abdominal total, com linfadenectomia pélvica e para-aórtica, foi realizada. A análise da peça cirúrgica revelou adenocarcinoma seroso-papilífero do endométrio grau III. Radioterapia adjuvante/quimioterapia (carboplatina e paclitaxel­seis ciclos) foi indicada. Dezesseis meses após a cirurgia, a paciente começou a se queixar de dores de cabeça. A ressonância magnética cerebral demonstrou uma massa expansiva no lobo parietal direito, sugerindo um implante hematogênico secundário posteriormente confirmado por biópsia. A paciente foi submetida a cirurgia para tratamento de metástase cerebral, seguida de radioterapia. A paciente morreu 12 meses após o diagnóstico de metástase cerebral devido à progressão da doença. CONCLUSãO: O adenocarcinoma seroso-papilífero do endométrio tem uma baixa propensão a metastizar para o cérebro. Até onde sabemos, este é o quinto caso documentado de adenocacinoma seroso-papilífero do endométrio com metástase para o SNC.

Brain metastasis in papillary serous adenocarcinoma of the endometrium / Metástase cerebral do adenocarcinoma seroso-papilífero do endométrio

Abstract Background Most endometrial cancers (75%) are diagnosed in early stages (stages I and II), in which abnormal uterine bleeding is the most frequent clinical sign.When the diagnosis is performed in stage IV, the most common sites of metastasis are the lungs, liver and bones. Central nervous system (CNS)metastasis is a rare condition. The aim of this study is to describe a case of uterine papillary serous adenocarcinoma of the endometrium that progressed to brain and bone metastases. Case Report We present the case of a 56-year-old woman with abnormal uterine bleeding and endometrial thickened echo (1.8 cm). A hysteroscopy with biopsy was performed, which identified poor differentiated serous adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. A total abdominal hysterectomy, with pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy, was performed. Analysis of the surgical specimen revealed a grade III uterine papillary serous adenocarcinoma. Adjuvant radio/chemotherapy (carboplatin and paclitaxel-six cycles) was indicated. Sixteen months after the surgery, the patient began to complain of headaches. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an expansile mass in the right parietal lobe, suggesting a secondary hematogenous implant subsequently confirmed by biopsy. She underwent surgery for treatment of brain metastasis, followed by radiotherapy. She died 12 months after the brain metastasis diagnosis due to disease progression. Conclusion Uterine papillary serous adenocarcinoma of the endometrium has a low propensity to metastasize to the brain. To the best of our knowledge, this is the fifth documented case of uterine papillary serous adenocarcinoma of the endometrium with metastasis to the CNS.

Resumo Fundamentos A maioria dos cânceres de endométrio (75%) é diagnosticada em estágios iniciais (estágios I e II), nos quais o sangramento uterino anormal é o sinalclínico mais frequente. Quando o diagnóstico é realizado no estágio IV, os locais mais comuns de metástase são os pulmões, o fígado e os ossos. A metástase para o sistema nervoso central (SNC) é uma condição rara. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever um caso de adenocarcinoma seroso-papilífero do endométrio que progrediu para metástases cerebral e óssea. Relato de Caso Apresentamos o caso de uma mulher de 56 anos com sangramento uterino anormal e eco endometrial espessado (1,8 cm). Foi realizada histeroscopia com biópsia que identificou adenocarcinoma seroso-papilífero pouco diferenciado do endométrio. Uma histerectomia abdominal total, com linfadenectomia pélvica e para-aórtica, foi realizada. A análise da peça cirúrgica revelou adenocarcinoma seroso-papilífero do endométrio grau III. Radioterapia adjuvante/quimioterapia (carboplatina e paclitaxel- seis ciclos) foi indicada.Dezesseismeses após a cirurgia, a paciente começou a se queixar de dores de cabeça. A ressonância magnética cerebral demonstrou uma massa expansiva no lobo parietal direito, sugerindo um implante hematogênico secundário posteriormente confirmado por biópsia. A paciente foi submetida a cirurgia para tratamento de metástase cerebral, seguida de radioterapia. A paciente morreu 12 meses após o diagnóstico de metástase cerebral devido à progressão da doença. Conclusão O adenocarcinoma seroso-papilífero do endométrio tem uma baixa propensão a metastizar para o cérebro. Até onde sabemos, este é o quinto caso documentado de adenocacinoma seroso-papilífero do endométrio com metástase para o SNC.

Evaluation of KI-67 expression in uterine leiomyoma and in healthy myometrium: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the expression of KI-67 in uterine leiomyomas and adjacent myometrial tissue and verify the existence of a correlation between clinical parameters and KI-67 expression in tumors. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional, controlled, analytical study. Samples of leiomyomas and myometrium were obtained from patients who underwent hysterectomy. The samples were processed by immunohistochemistry using KI-67 antibody, and the expression was evaluated by two blinded observers. Student>s T-test was used for comparison of means, and Pearson>s P test for correlation with clinical parameters. RESULTS: A total of 9 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 40.7 years, ranging from 35 to 44 years. The mean expression of KI-67 in myometrium was 1.63%, and, in leiomyomas, 5.96% (p <0.001). The highest expression of KI-67 was moderately related to the severity of anemia, bleeding, and pain level. CONCLUSION: The expression of KI-67 in normal myometrium was significantly lower than in leiomyomas. The highest expression of KI-67 was moderately related to the severity of anemia, bleeding, and pain level in the patients of this study.

A velhice no olhar dos acadêmicos de enfermagem, direito e pedagogia / The old age through the view of academics of nursing, law and pedagogy

Este estudo propõe analisar os significados da velhice atribuídos por acadêmicos da Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, considerando a importância dessa temática, visto que a velhice faz parte do processo de evolução humana e esta tem se tornado um fenômeno global. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, realizada no período de 2014 a 2016 por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, que contou com a participação de vinte e dois acadêmicos dos cursos de Enfermagem, Pedagogia e Direito. Os dados analisados revelaram que a maioria dos acadêmicos apresenta uma maneira singular de entender a velhice. As expectativas estão voltadas para uma vida longeva, um envelhecimento ativo e pautado no respeito. O fato de envelhecer não vem expresso nas falas como algo negativo, mas foram direcionadas preocupações para uma velhice não compartilhada, com ausência do núcleo familiar e a falta de mecanismos na sociedade que garantam de forma efetiva os direitos dos idosos. Apesar das significações e representações positivas no que se refere à velhice, percebeu-se em alguns relatos a falta de proximidade com essa fase. Esta pesquisa mostrou a necessidade de se discutir enquanto sociedade sobre as questões que envolvem os idosos, assim como sobre o preparo do envelhecimento enquanto pessoa que também está envelhecendo, haja vista os reflexos para uma sociedade de idosos, que já é uma realidade. (AU)

This study proposes an analysis of the meanings of old age attributed by academics of the State University of Santa Cruz, considering the importance of this subject, since old age is part of the process of human evolution, which has become a global phenomenon. This is a qualitative research, carried out from 2014 through 2016 by means of a semi-structured interview, which was attended by twenty-two academics from the Nursing, Pedagogy and Law courses. The data analyzed revealed that most academics present a unique way of understanding old age. Expectations are focused on a long life and on an active and respectful aging. The fact of aging is not expressed in the speeches as something negative, but concerns were directed towards an unshared old age, with absence of the family nucleus, and the lack of mechanisms in society that effectively guarantee the rights of the elderly. Despite the positive meanings and representations regarding old age, it has come to attention in some reports the lack of proximity to this phase. This research showed the need to discuss the issues that involve the elderly as a society, as well as discuss the preparation of aging as a person who is also aging, taking into account the reflexes on an elderly society that is already a reality. (AU)

The gingival vein as a minimally traumatic site for multiple blood sampling in guinea pigs and hamsters.

Laboratory animals are still necessary in scientific investigation and vaccine testing, but while novel methodological approaches are not available for their replacement, the search for new, humane, easy, and painless methods is necessary to diminish their stress and pain. When multiple blood samples are to be collected from hamsters and guinea pigs, the number of available venipuncture sites-which are greatly diminished in these species in comparison with other rodents due to the absence of a long tail-, harasses animal caregivers and researchers. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate if gingival vein puncture could be used as an additional route to obtain multiple blood samples from anesthetized hamsters and guinea pigs in such a way that animal behavior, well-being or hematological parameters would not be altered. Thus, twelve anesthetized Syrian golden hamsters and English guinea pigs were randomly allocated in two groups: a control group, whose blood samples were not collected, and an experimental group in which blood samples (200 microliters) were collected by gingival vein puncture at weekly intervals over six weeks. Clinical assessment, body weight gain and complete blood cell count were evaluated weekly, and control and experimental animals were euthanized at week seven, when the mentolabial region was processed to histological analyses. Multiple blood sampling from the gingival vein evoked no clinical manifestations or alteration in the behavioral repertoire, nor a statistically significant difference in weight gain in both species. Guinea pigs showed no alteration in red blood cell, leukocyte or platelet parameters over time. Hamsters developed a characteristic pattern of age-related physiological changes, which were considered normal. Histological analyses showed no difference in morphological structures in the interdental gingiva, confirming that multiple blood sampling is barely traumatic. Thus, these results evidence that blood collection from multiple gingival vein puncture is minimally invasive and traumatic to hamsters and guinea pigs, and that it can be accomplished during at least six weeks.

The gingival vein as a minimally traumatic site for multiple blood sampling in guinea pigs and hamsters

Laboratory animals are still necessary in scientific investigation and vaccine testing, but while novel methodological approaches are not available for their replacement, the search for new, humane, easy, and painless methods is necessary to diminish their stress and pain. When multiple blood samples are to be collected from hamsters and guinea pigs, the number of available venipuncture sites-which are greatly diminished in these species in comparison with other rodents due to the absence of a long tail-, harasses animal caregivers and researchers. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate if gingival vein puncture could be used as an additional route to obtain multiple blood samples from anesthetized hamsters and guinea pigs in such a way that animal behavior, well-being or hematological parameters would not be altered. Thus, twelve anesthetized Syrian golden hamsters and English guinea pigs were randomly allocated in two groups: a control group, whose blood samples were not collected, and an experimental group in which blood samples (200 microliters) were collected by gingival vein puncture at weekly intervals over six weeks. Clinical assessment, body weight gain and complete blood cell count were evaluated weekly, and control and experimental animals were euthanized at week seven, when the mentolabial region was processed to histological analyses. Multiple blood sampling from the gingival vein evoked no clinical manifestations or alteration in the behavioral repertoire, nor a statistically significant difference in weight gain in both species. Guinea pigs showed no alteration in red blood cell, leukocyte or platelet parameters over time. Hamsters developed a characteristic pattern of age-related physiological changes, which were considered normal. Histological analyses showed no difference in morphological structures in the interdental gingiva, confirming that multiple blood sampling is barely traumatic. Thus, these results evidence that blood collection from multiple gingival vein puncture is minimally invasive and traumatic to hamsters and guinea pigs, and that it can be accomplished during at least six weeks.

Choosing between intraoral or extraoral, red or infrared laser irradiation after impacted third molar extraction.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Swelling and trismus are complications experienced by nearly all subjects after undergoing oral surgery for the removal of impacted teeth. The main purpose of this paper was to compare the effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) at two different wavelengths applied intra-orally and extra-orally on facial swelling and trismus in the postoperative period following the extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty subjects were randomly divided into five groups, taking into account the type of laser therapy applied after surgery (intraoral or extraoral irradiation with 660 nm laser; intraoral or extraoral irradiation with 808 nm; and sham irradiation). Two and seven days after the surgery, two blinded evaluators measured the subjects' faces (swelling), and mouth opening (trismus). RESULTS: There was a statistically significant interaction between the irradiation site and wavelength (swelling and trismus were smaller if the red laser was applied intra-orally or if infrared laser was applied extra-orally). The intra-group analyses showed that 808 nm laser applied extra-orally favored reductions in postoperative facial swelling and trismus, although the inter-group comparisons revealed no statistically significant differences. CONCLUSION: Besides energy parameters, the combination of irradiation site and wavelength drive the results of phototherapy after the removal of impacted teeth. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:511-518, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Effect of low-intensity laser treatment on pain after extraction of impacted mandibular third molars: a randomised, controlled, clinical trial.

Extraction of impacted third molars is painful, so we have evaluated whether low-intensity laser could reduce the pain. Sixty patients were randomly allocated to five groups that were treated with laser immediately after extraction. Postoperative pain was evaluated after two and seven days. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess whether the distribution was normal, and as it was skewed, the Kruskal-Wallis test, ANOVA and the Student-Newman-Keuls test for multiple comparisons were used to compare the groups. The Wilcoxon test was used for comparisons of pain (measured by visual analogue scale (VAS) and numerical rating scale (NRS) 101 between the second and seventh postoperative days). Probabilities of less than 0.05 were accepted as significant. We conclude that a single session of low intensity laser had no significant effect on the amount of pain under the conditions investigated.

Effects of nandrolone decanoate on the viability of muscle satellite cells during the differentiation process / Influencia del anabolizante decanoato de nandrolona en la viabilidad de las células satélites musculares en el proceso de diferenciación / Influência do anabolizante decanoato de nandrolona sobre a viabilidade de células satélites musculares em processo de diferenciação

Studies indicate that the anabolic nandrolone decanoate (Deca-Durabolin(r)) can modulate cell cycle regulation, but little is known about its effects on muscle cells. Anabolic steroids are used, especially by athletes, to improve muscle mass and performance in the practice of exercises. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the anabolic Deca-Durabolin(r) on the proliferation of skeletal muscle precursor cells C2C12. Cells were grown in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), being supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) and subjected to differentiation by the addition of 2% horse serum. They were incubated with anabolic at concentrations of 5, 10, 25 and 50 µM. The groups that received no anabolic or vehicle served as controls. The viability (proliferation) was evaluated by the MTT method (3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide; Thiazolyl blue) after one, three and five days of incubation. Three independent experiments were performed in each of the mentioned conditions, and the results were submitted to statistical analysis with significance level of p≤0.05 (ANOVA/Dunnett). Results showed no difference in viability between muscle cells treated with anabolic and the control cultures in all parameters. In conclusion, nandrolone, at the used concentrations, was not able to alter the viability of muscle C2C12 satellite cells...

Se utilizan los anabolizantes, en particular por atletas con el objetivo de aumentar la masa muscular y mejoría del desempeño. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto del anabolizante Deca- Durabolin(r) sobre la viabilidad (proliferación) de las células satélites musculares C2C12 inducidas a la diferenciación, imitando el proceso de reparación tras una lesión. Las células fueron cultivadas en medio Eagle modificado por Dulbecco (DMEM) suplementado con 10% de suero fetal bovino (SFB) y sometidas a diferenciación mediante la adición de 2% de suero de caballo y, simultáneamente, incubadas con el anabolizante en las concentraciones de 5 , 10 , 25 y 50 µM. En los grupos que no recibieron el anabolizante, ni el vehículo sirvió como controle . La viabilidad (proliferación) se evaluó después de uno, tres y cinco días, utilizando el método de MTT (3 - [4,5 - dimetiltriazol - 2 - il ] -2,5 difeniltetrazolio) . Se realizaron tres experimentos independientes, en cada condición citada, y los resultados sometidos al análisis estadístico con nivel de significación de p≤0,05% (ANOVA/Dunnett). Los resultados permitieron verificar que no hubo diferencia en la viabilidad entre células musculares tratadas con anabolizante e inducidas a diferenciación y culturas de controles que sólo fueron inducidas a diferenciación en todos los parámetros evaluados. En conclusión, el anabolizante decanoato de nandrolona, en las concentraciones evaluadas, no fue capaz de alterar la viabilidad de células musculares C2C12 durante el proceso de diferenciación...

Os anabolizantes são utilizados, especialmente por atletas, com o intuito de aumento da massa muscular e melhora do desempenho. Este estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito do anabolizante Deca-Durabolin(r) sobre a viabilidade (proliferação) de células satélites musculares C2C12 induzidas à diferenciação, mimetizando o processo de reparo após lesão. As células foram cultivadas em Meio Eagle Modificado por Dulbecco (DMEM) suplementado com 10% de Soro Fetal Bovino (SFB) e submetidas à diferenciação pela adição de 2% de soro de cavalo e concomitantemente incubadas com o anabolizante nas concentrações de 5, 10, 25 e 50 µM. Os grupos que não receberam o anabolizante nem o veículo serviram como controle. A viabilidade (proliferação) foi avaliada após um, três e cinco dias, utilizando o método de MTT (3-[4,5-dimetiltriazol-2-il]-2,5 difeniltetrazólio). Foram realizados três experimentos independentes, em cada condição citada, e os resultados submetidos à análise estatística com nível de significância de p≤0,05% (ANOVA/Dunnet). Os resultados permitiram verificar que não houve diferença na viabilidade entre células musculares tratadas com o anabolizante e induzidas à diferenciação e as culturas controles que somente foram induzidas à diferenciação, em todos os parâmetros avaliados. Em conclusão, o anabolizante decanoato de nandrolona, nas concentrações avaliadas, não foi capaz de alterar a viabilidade de células musculares C2C12 durante o processo de diferenciação...

[Agreement between cytology, colposcopy and cervical histopathology]. / Concordância entre citologia, colposcopia e histopatologia cervical.

PURPOSE: to evaluate the agreement between conventional cytology using the Papanicolaou test, repeated at the time of colposcopy, with colposcopic and histopathological findings. METHODS: the study was carried out at the central public health laboratory of the state of Pernambuco between January and July, 2008, involving 397 women referred for colposcopic evaluation following an abnormal cervical smear test. Cytology was repeated at the time of colposcopy using conventional method, with particular attention being paid to the presence of abnormal colposcopic findings. The nomenclature used for cytology was the 2001 Bethesda system terminology, while that used for histology was the World Health Organization 1994 classification. Cytology performed at the time of colposcopy was compared with colposcopy and with histopathology obtained by colposcopy-directed biopsy. The Kappa coefficient was used to evaluate the agreement between methods, as well as the χ2 test, with the level of significance set at 5%. RESULTS: poor agreement was found between cytology performed at the time of colposcopy and colposcopic findings (K=0.33; 95%CI=0.21-0.45) and between colposcopy and histopathology (K=0.35; 95%CI=0.39-0.51). Cytology performed at the time of colposcopy compared with histopathology revealed a Kappa of 0.41 (95%CI=0.29-0.530), which was considered to reflect moderate agreement. CONCLUSIONS: agreement was better between cytology and histopathology than between colposcopy and cytology or between colposcopy and histopathology.

Concordância entre citologia, colposcopia e histopatologia cervical / Agreement between cytology, colposcopy and cervical histopathology

OBJETIVO: avaliar a concordância da citologia convencional por Papanicolaou repetida no momento da colposcopia com os achados colposcópicos e a histopatologia. MÉTODOS: o estudo foi realizado no Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Pernambuco (LACEN), de janeiro a julho de 2008, em 397 mulheres com exame citopatológico alterado encaminhadas para avaliação colposcópica. No momento da colposcopia, repetiu-se a citologia em meio convencional, pesquisando-se os achados colposcópicos anormais. A nomenclatura citológica utilizada foi a de Bethesda e a histopatológica, da Organização Mundial de Saúde. A citologia no momento da colposcopia e a colposcopia foram comparadas entre si e com o resultado do histopatológico obtido por biópsia dirigida. A concordância entre os métodos foi avaliada pelo coeficiente Kappa (K), além do teste χ2 a um nível de significância de 5 por cento. RESULTADOS: foi encontrada uma concordância fraca entre a citologia realizada no momento da colposcopia e a colposcopia, K=0,33 (IC95 por cento=0,21-0,45) e entre a colposcopia e a histopatologia, K=0,35 (IC95 por cento=0,39-0,51). Para a concordância entre citologia no momento da colposcopia e histopatologia, o Kappa foi de 0,41 (IC95 por cento=0,29-0,530), considerado moderado. CONCLUSÕES: houve melhor concordância entre citologia e histopatologia do que entre colposcopia e citologia ou colposcopia e histopatologia.

PURPOSE: to evaluate the agreement between conventional cytology using the Papanicolaou test, repeated at the time of colposcopy, with colposcopic and histopathological findings. METHODS: the study was carried out at the central public health laboratory of the state of Pernambuco between January and July, 2008, involving 397 women referred for colposcopic evaluation following an abnormal cervical smear test. Cytology was repeated at the time of colposcopy using conventional method, with particular attention being paid to the presence of abnormal colposcopic findings. The nomenclature used for cytology was the 2001 Bethesda system terminology, while that used for histology was the World Health Organization 1994 classification. Cytology performed at the time of colposcopy was compared with colposcopy and with histopathology obtained by colposcopy-directed biopsy. The Kappa coefficient was used to evaluate the agreement between methods, as well as the χ2 test, with the level of significance set at 5 percent. RESULTS: poor agreement was found between cytology performed at the time of colposcopy and colposcopic findings (K=0.33; 95 percentCI=0.21-0.45) and between colposcopy and histopathology (K=0.35; 95 percentCI=0.39-0.51). Cytology performed at the time of colposcopy compared with histopathology revealed a Kappa of 0.41 (95 percentCI=0.29-0.530), which was considered to reflect moderate agreement. CONCLUSIONS: agreement was better between cytology and histopathology than between colposcopy and cytology or between colposcopy and histopathology.

Temporal evolution of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Curitiba, southern Brazil.

BACKGROUND: In the last few years, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates (CR-AB) have been identified worldwide. The first description of OXA-23-producing A baumannii in Brazil was from the city of Curitiba in 2003. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the persistence and dissemination of the first OXA-23-producing A baumannii clone isolated from patients in Hospital de Clinicas, Curitiba, Brazil. METHODS: An antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the isolates was determined by the standard agar dilution method. Molecular detection of beta-lactamase genes was done by polymerase chain reaction. The clonal relationship of the isolates was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Epidemiologic and clinical features were evaluated as well. RESULTS: Genotypic analysis of 172 CR-AB isolates by PFGE identified 3 distinct major PFGE clusters (A, B, and C, accounting for 36, 69, and 65 isolates, respectively). All isolates carried the bla(OXA-23)-like gene and were multidrug-resistant, but were susceptible to tigecycline and polymixin B. The mortality rate related to CR-AB infection was 45.4%, and ventilator-associated pneumonia and bloodstream infections were the most frequent clinical manifestations. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of 3 clones among the CR-AB isolates suggests that cross-transmission was the main mechanism responsible for dissemination of OXA-23 producers. PFGE pattern A was genotypically similar to that of the first OXA-23-producing A baumannii clone identified in Curitiba in 1999. This clone persisted in the same hospital until April 2004. The presence of the bla(OXA-)23-like gene was the main mechanism associated with carbapenem resistance among the isolates studied.

O sintoma na psicose: um resultado psicanalítico

Pretendo discutir neste texto o que poderíamos considerar não apenas um resultado terapêutico, mas ainda um resultado psicanalítico, no que concerne ao tratamento das psicoses, a partir do fragmento de um caso clínico que tive a oportunidade de comentar no Núcleo de Pesquisa em Psicose do Instituto de Psicanálise e Saúde Mental de Minas Gerais (IPSM-MG), filiado ao Campo Freudiano. Esse caso clínico, apresentado por Simone Gonçalves, traz como problema principal o transexualismo: o paciente quer fazer uma cirurgia e virar mulher. Minha hipótese é que o transexualismo é, nesse caso, um sintoma. Um sintoma que faz um percurso e que se transforma no decorrer do tratamento, de tal maneira que o resultado alcançado ultrapassa, a meu ver, a dimensão puramente terapêutica e nos ensina sobre o que pode ser considerado analítico no tratamento das psicoses(AU)

O futuro de uma desilusão / The future of a disillusion

O texto aborda as questões que se colocam para a psicanálise no que concerne aos modos de vida apresentados pelos jovens de hoje, a partir da constatação do declínio do pai e da queda dos ideais no mundo contemporâneo(AU)