RESUMO
Structure-based design led to the discovery of a novel class of renin inhibitors in which an unprecedented phenyl ring filling the S1 site is attached to the phenyl ring filling the S3 pocket. Optimization for several parameters including potency in the presence of human plasma, selectivity against CYP3A4 inhibition and improved rat oral bioavailability led to the identification of 8d which demonstrated antihypertensive efficacy in a transgenic rat model of human hypertension.
Assuntos
Anti-Hipertensivos/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Éteres Fenílicos/farmacologia , Renina/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Anti-Hipertensivos/síntese química , Anti-Hipertensivos/química , Disponibilidade Biológica , Cristalografia por Raios X , Citocromo P-450 CYP3A/sangue , Inibidores do Citocromo P-450 CYP3A , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Descoberta de Drogas , Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Humanos , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Modelos Moleculares , Conformação Molecular , Éteres Fenílicos/síntese química , Éteres Fenílicos/química , Ratos , Ratos Transgênicos , Proteínas Recombinantes/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Recombinantes/isolamento & purificação , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Structure guided optimization of a series of nonpeptidic alkyl amine renin inhibitors allowed the rational incorporation of additional polar functionality. Replacement of the cyclohexylmethyl group occupying the S1 pocket with a (R)-(tetrahydropyran-3-yl)methyl group and utilization of a different attachment point led to the identification of clinical candidate 9. This compound demonstrated excellent selectivity over related and unrelated off-targets, >15% oral bioavailability in three species, oral efficacy in a double transgenic rat model of hypertension, and good exposure in humans.
RESUMO
Structure-guided drug design led to the identification of a class of spirocyclic ureas which potently inhibit human 11beta-HSD1 in vitro. Lead compound 10j was shown to be orally bioavailable in three species, distributed into adipose tissue in the mouse, and its (R) isomer 10j2 was efficacious in a primate pharmacodynamic model.
Assuntos
11-beta-Hidroxiesteroide Desidrogenase Tipo 1/antagonistas & inibidores , Desenho de Fármacos , Ureia/administração & dosagem , Ureia/farmacocinética , 11-beta-Hidroxiesteroide Desidrogenase Tipo 1/metabolismo , Administração Oral , Animais , Sítios de Ligação/fisiologia , Disponibilidade Biológica , Células CHO , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Humanos , Macaca fascicularis , Camundongos , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Ureia/análogos & derivadosRESUMO
Structure-guided drug design led to new alkylamine renin inhibitors with improved in vitro and in vivo potency. Lead compound 21a, has an IC(50) of 0.83nM for the inhibition of human renin in plasma (PRA). Oral administration of 21a at 10mg/kg resulted in >20h reduction of blood pressure in a double transgenic rat model of hypertension.
Assuntos
Aminas/química , Carbamatos/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Piperidinas/química , Renina/antagonistas & inibidores , Administração Oral , Aminas/síntese química , Aminas/farmacocinética , Animais , Sítios de Ligação , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Carbamatos/síntese química , Carbamatos/farmacocinética , Cristalografia por Raios X , Desenho de Fármacos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/síntese química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacocinética , Haplorrinos , Humanos , Piperidinas/síntese química , Piperidinas/farmacocinética , Ratos , Ratos Transgênicos , Renina/sangue , Renina/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Structure-based drug design led to the identification of a novel class of potent, low MW alkylamine renin inhibitors. Oral administration of lead compound 21l, with MW of 508 and IC(50) of 0.47nM, caused a sustained reduction in mean arterial blood pressure in a double transgenic rat model of hypertension.
Assuntos
Anti-Hipertensivos/química , Metilaminas/química , Renina/antagonistas & inibidores , Administração Oral , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Animais , Anti-Hipertensivos/síntese química , Anti-Hipertensivos/farmacocinética , Pressão Sanguínea , Simulação por Computador , Cristalografia por Raios X , Desenho de Fármacos , Humanos , Metilaminas/síntese química , Metilaminas/farmacocinética , Ratos , Ratos Transgênicos , Renina/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
A multistep scalable synthesis of the clinically important hepatitis C virus (HCV) protease inhibitor BILN 2061 (1) is described. The synthesis is highly convergent and consists of two amide bond formations, one etherification, and one ring-closing metathesis (RCM) step, using readily available building blocks 2-5. The optimization of each step is described at length. The main focus of the paper is the study of the RCM step and the description of the main problems faced when scaling up to pilot scale this highly powerful but very challenging synthetic operation. Eventually, the RCM reaction was smoothly scaled up to produce >400 kg of cyclized product.
Assuntos
Antivirais/síntese química , Carbamatos/síntese química , Hepacivirus/enzimologia , Compostos Macrocíclicos/síntese química , Inibidores de Proteases/síntese química , Quinolinas/síntese química , Tiazóis/síntese química , Antivirais/química , Antivirais/farmacologia , Carbamatos/química , Carbamatos/farmacologia , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Ciclização , Hepacivirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos Macrocíclicos/química , Compostos Macrocíclicos/farmacologia , Estrutura Molecular , Inibidores de Proteases/química , Inibidores de Proteases/farmacologia , Quinolinas/química , Quinolinas/farmacologia , Tiazóis/química , Tiazóis/farmacologiaRESUMO
The Boehringer-Ingelheim phosphinoimidazoline (BIPI) ligands were applied to the formation of chiral quaternary centers in the asymmetric Heck reaction. Several different substrates were examined in detail, using more than 70 members of this new ligand class. Hammett relationships were determined through systematic variation of the ligand electronics. All substrates showed essentially the same Hammett behavior, where enantioselectivity increased as the ligands were made more electron-deficient. Ligand optimization has led to catalysts which give the highest enantioselectivities reported to date for these difficult systems.