Esophageal Ulcer Due to Ectopic Pancreatic Tissue: A Case Report.

Heterotopic pancreatic tissue, known as pancreatic rest, is a pancreatic tissue that lacks anatomic and vascular continuity with the main body of the pancreas. Common locations for this tissue include the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, Meckel diverticulum, and ileum. In this report, we present a case of a patient whose pancreatic rest was diagnosed primarily during the investigation of dysphagia with solid foods and it was located in the mid esophagus as an unusual location.

rpoB gene mutations among Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from extrapulmonary sites.

The aim of this study was to analyze mutations occurring in the rpoB gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates from clinical samples of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). Seventy formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples and fresh tissue samples from confirmed EPTB cases were analyzed. Nested PCR based on the rpoB gene was performed on the extracted DNAs, combined with cloning and subsequent sequencing. Sixty-seven (95.7%) samples were positive for nester PCR. Sequence analysis of the 81 bp region of the rpoB gene demonstrated mutations in 41 (61.2%) of 67 sequenced samples. Several point mutations including deletion mutations at codons 510, 512, 513 and 515, with 45% and 51% of the mutations in codons 512 and 513 respectively were seen, along with 26% replacement mutations at codons 509, 513, 514, 518, 520, 524 and 531. The most common alteration was Gln → His, at codon 513, presented in 30 (75.6%) isolates. This study demonstrated sequence alterations in codon 513 of the 81 bp region of the rpoB gene as the most common mutation occurred in 75.6% of molecularly confirmed rifampin-resistant strains. In addition, simultaneous mutation at codons 512 and 513 was demonstrated in 34.3% of the isolates.

Noninvasive Quantification of Liver Fat Content by Different Gradient Echo Magnetic Resonance Imaging Sequences in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

BACKGROUND: Noninvasive quantification of liver fat by gradient echo (GRE) technique is an interesting issue in quantitative magnetic resonance imaging. In this study, the fat content in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was quantified with GRE sequences with different T 1 and T 2* weighting. METHODS: This prospective, cross-sectional study was performed on thirty NAFLD patients. Sixteen GRE sequences with different T 1 weighting were performed with four echo times. In each sequence, repetition time (TR) or flip angle was changed and other parameters were fixed. Forty-eight fat indexes (FIs) from 16 sequences were calculated based on three methods. To determine the relationship between FIs and histological findings, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used at the level of 1% significance. RESULTS: Mean FIs which obtained from Eq. 3 have the maximum values in comparison to other FIs. The maximum FI was 23.58%, which related to heavily T 1 weighted sequence obtained with method 3. The minimum FI was -2.49%, which related to the minimal T 1 weighted obtained with method 2. FIs increase with a flip angle, especially at low flip angles. Increase the TR parameter decrease the FIs gradually. Calculated FIs with methods 1 and 3 stronger correlated with histological findings relative to calculated FIs with method 2. CONCLUSION: For fat quantification, T 1 relaxation effects probably more critical than T 2*. Flip angle parameter could be a major factor causing the overestimation of liver fat content. Sequences with low flip angle are more suitable for fat quantification with methods 1 and 3. In fat quantification with GRE techniques, it is possible that the third and fourth echoes are unnecessary.

A well-known lesion in an unusual location: infantile myofibroma of the eyelid: a case report and review of literature.

Myofibroma is a neoplasia of myofibroblasts that can be solitary or multiple and it is found most commonly in the head & neck region including scalp, forehead, parotid region and oral cavity. In the eyelid it is rarely reported. It has a benign course in the solitary form and fatal in its multiple form. A 4 month male infant referred to Farabi hospital -the referral center for eye diseases- with a 2 month history of a mass in his eyelid with gradual enlargement with no other complaints. The only abnormal physical finding was a 2.5 cm mass in the eyelid. This mass was excised and sent to the hospital pathology laboratory. When confronting a spindle cell lesion with a nodular or multinodular growth pattern which appears biphasic due to alteration of light and dark staining areas, the surgical pathologist should think to the possibility of myofibroma. Its pattern of growth and architecture rules out the other differential diagnoses like nodular fasciitis, fibrous histiocytoma, infantile fibromatosis, and peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor, mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, malignant hemangiopericytoma, juvenile fibrosarcoma and poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma. In difficult cases immunohistochemical staining is helpful that is Vimentin & Actin positivity & Desmin, CK, EMA & S100 negativity.