Inguinoscrotal Hernia: An Unusual Presentation of Retroperitoneal Liposarcoma.

Liposarcoma presenting within an inguinal hernia is rare. It may manifest as either primary spermatic cord liposarcoma or as an extension of retroperitoneal liposarcoma into the inguinoscrotal region. Tumors originating in the retroperitoneum can extend toward the inguinal region through the gonadal vein pathway. Utilizing imaging modalities is crucial for differentiating between a retroperitoneal component and a fat-containing inguinal mass. Identification of non-lipomatous components within a fat-containing tumor provides diagnostic clues on radiological imaging.

A case of leiomyosarcoma of the ovarian vein with obstructive uropathy and hepatic metastasis.

Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a smooth muscle-derived malignant mesenchymal tumour. Primary LMS arising from the ovarian vein is uncommon. A 51-year-old female presented with left loin pain and was diagnosed with a LMS arising from the gonadal vein. The patient refused any treatment. Early detection and timely diagnosis of retroperitoneal masses will improve the prognosis and survival rate in these patients. CT imaging plays an important role in diagnosis. Contribution: Retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma of vascular origin is a rare entity. CT plays crucial role in diagnosing them by demonstrating the extent of the tumor along the gonadal vein. Early detection and timely diagnosis of retroperitoneal masses will improve the prognosis and survival rate in these patients.

Understanding the effect of milk composition and milking season on quality characteristics of chhana.

The quality characteristics of chhana varied due to the milk composition (cow-, buffalo-, and mixed- milk) which in turn was affected by the milking season (summer and winter). Upon heating and acidification of milk samples water holding phenomena and denatured protein association within and with other components lead to variation in both macroscale properties (color, texture, and rheology) and molecular bonding patterns (FTIR character). Yield, lightness (L* value), textural firmness, and elastic modulus of chhana increased with increasing proportion of buffalo milk in mixed milk due to higher total solids and less moisture content in both the seasons. Total protein, fat, water, and interaction between them and extent of hydrogen bonding significantly affected the rheological and textural properties of chhana samples.

Myositis - A common but underreported adverse effect of osimertinib: Case series and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in both men and women and the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The development of novel tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) represented a paradigm shift in the management of lung cancer and has resulted in markedly prolonged survival. Osimertinib is a TKI that was fast-tracked by the United States Food and Drug Administration in 2015 and subsequently approved for the treatment of metastatic epidermal growth factor receptor T790M mutation-positive non-small cell lung cancer. However, despite the generally favorable outcomes associated with osimertinib, rapid development and deployment of any new drug increases the risk of unforeseen adverse effects. Post-marketing surveillance studies therefore play an important role in further elucidating the risks and benefits of novel anti-neoplastic agents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We describe four patients with non-small cell lung cancer who developed myositis after beginning treatment with osimertinib. In addition, we review the literature on osimertinib-associated myositis. Using PubMed, the following terms were searched and relevant citations assessed: creatine phosphokinase, myositis, osimertinib, rhabdomyolysis, osimertinib, and Tagrisso. CASE PRESENTATION: Thirty-eight patients were treated with osimertinib in our community clinic. Four with non-small cell lung cancer developed myositis after beginning treatment. The onset of symptoms and/or elevation of creatine phosphokinase occurred between two weeks and eleven months after osimertinib was initiated. Alternative causes for myositis were not identified. In two patients, myositis resolved within one month of withdrawing treatment. Two other patients continued osimertinib treatment with close monitoring. CONCLUSION: Myositis is a serious and potentially underreported adverse effect of osimertinib. Previous studies suggest that osimertinib-associated myositis is rare, occurring in less than 1% of patients. However, myositis occurred in over 10% of patients treated with osimertinib in our clinic population. We suggest regular monitoring for myositis among patients being treated with osimertinib and dose-reduction or cessation of treatment if clinically indicated.

Hepatoprotective effect of trimethylgallic acid esters against carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats.

Gallic acid and its derivatives are potential therapeutic agents for treating various oxidative stress mediated disorders. In the present study, we investigated the hepatoprotective effects of newly synthesized conjugated trimethylgallic acid (TMGA) esters against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Animals were pre-treated with TMGA esters at their respective doses for 7 days against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. The histopathological changes were evaluated to find out degenerative fatty changes including vacuole formation, inflammation and tissue necrosis. Various biomarkers of oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, glutathione levels, and endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities), liver enzymes (AST and ALT), triacylglycerol and cholesterol were evaluated. Pre-treatment with TMGA esters (MRG, MGG, MSG, and MUG at the dose of 28.71, 30.03, 31.35, 33.62 mg/kg/day), respectively reversed the CCl4-induced liver injury scores (reduced vacuole formation, inflammation and necrosis), biochemical parameters of plasma (increased AST, ALT, TG, and cholesterol), antioxidant enzymes (increased lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels; decreased glutathione levels, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities) in liver tissues and inflammatory surge (serum TNF-α) significantly. The study revealed that TMGA esters exerted hepatoprotective effects in CCl4-induced rats, specifically by modulating oxidative-nitrosative stress and inflammation.

Effect of trimethylgallic acid esters against chronic stress-induced anxiety-like behavior and oxidative stress in mice.

BACKGROUND: Many studies have shown that the levels of oxidative stress (increased lipid peroxidation, decreased glutathione levels and endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities) and proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α) are increased in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Gallic acid and other phenolic compounds are potent antioxidants and inhibitor of cytokine production. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of newly synthesized conjugated esters of trimethylgallic acid in an experimental model of chronic stress. METHODS: The animals were forced to swim individually for a period of 6min every day for 15 days to induce chronic stress. The locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, and memory retention were evaluated in chronically stressed animals, followed by biochemical estimations and neuroinflammatory surge in the brain. RESULTS: Chronic treatment with trimethylgallic acid esters for 15 days significantly reversed the chronic stress-induced behavioral (impaired locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, and decreased percentage of memory retention), biochemical (increased lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels; decreased glutathione levels, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities), and inflammation surge (serum TNF-α) in stressed mice. CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed that trimethylgallic acid esters could ameliorate chronic stress-induced various behavioral and biochemical alterations in mice, showing protective effects against chronic stress.

Strategies for overcoming imatinib mesylate resistance in chronic myelogenous leukemia.

Imatinib mesylate was approved for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia more than 5 years ago. This drug enabled us to put a very high percentage of patients into hematologic, cytogenetic, and molecular remission. Some patients were resistant to Imatinib from the onset of the treatment whereas others became resistant after showing an initial response to Imatinib mesylate. Various strategies have been tried to overcome the resistance to this drug including using newer combinations, higher dosage of Imatinib and development of newer compounds. This article will discuss these strategies in detail.

Role of dynamic external fixator in the management of fractures of distal end of radius.

The intra-articular fracture of radius has been an enigma for orthopaedic surgeons since time immemorial. It is a dilemma as to when to use the fixator, when to mobilise after fixator or simply treat it by conservative means. Numerous fixators are in vogue depending on the preference of the surgeon--in the present prospective study the results of dynamic external fixator--which, based on the principle of ligamentotaxis, were evaluated over a 3-year period and the results showed that although excellent radiological results were seen in 90% of the cases yet only 75% of the cases had a excellent functional result.