Clinical efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors with different SGLT1/SGLT2 selectivity in cardiovascular outcomes among patients with and without heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.

BACKGROUND: Some sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors showed benefits on heart failure (HF), but different SGLT2/SGLT1 selectivity might influence the treatment effect. This study aimed to meta-analyze the treatment effects of SGLT2 inhibitors and the diversity of receptor selectivity for patients with and without HF. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials were searched in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane databases and ClinicalTrials.gov registry from inception to October 2020. The interest outcomes were analyzed with random-effects models and presented with a risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Subgroup analyses examined the treatment effects among SGLT2 inhibitors with different SGLT2/SGLT1 selectivity. RESULTS: The final analyses included 10 trials and 52,607 patients. The RR of total cardiovascular (CV) death or hospitalization for HF (HHF) between SGLT2 inhibitors and placebo was 0.79 (95% CI 0.74-0.84, I2 = 31%). With SGLT2 inhibitors, HF patients had reduced mortality risks (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.80-0.99, I2 = 0), and non-HF patients had lower risks of major adverse CV events (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.85-0.99, I2 = 0). The risk reduction of HHF was consistent in groups of HF (RR 0.72, 95% CI 0.64-0.80, I2 = 8%) and non-HF (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.61-0.89, I2 = 0), but the effect of the low SGLT2/SGLT1 selectivity inhibitor was insignificant in non-HF patients. CONCLUSION: The efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors on risk reduction of total CV death or HHF is consistent with the previous studies. The regimen is beneficial for reducing mortality in patients with HF and major adverse CV events in those without HF. Different SGLT2/SGLT1 selectivity may differ in the treatment effects in patients with and without HF.

Collateral benefits on other respiratory infections during fighting COVID-19 / Beneficios colaterales en otras infecciones respiratorias durante la lucha contra la COVID-19

PURPOSE: Influenza virus infection is associated with a high disease burden. COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has become a pandemic outbreak since January 2020. Taiwan has effectively contained COVID-19 community transmission. We aimed to validate whether fighting COVID-19 could help to control other respiratory infections in Taiwan. METHOD: We collected week-case data of severe influenza, invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae disease and death toll from pneumonia among 25 calendar weeks of the influenza season for four years (2016-2020), which were reported to Taiwan CDC. Trend and slope differences between years were compared. RESULT: A downturn trend of severe influenza, invasive S. pneumoniae disease and the death toll from pneumonia per week in 2019/2020 season and significant trend difference in comparison to previous seasons were noted, especially after initiation of several disease prevention measures to fight potential COVID-19 outbreak in Taiwan. CONCLUSIONS: Fighting COVID-19 achieved collateral benefits on significant reductions of severe influenza burden, invasive S. pneumoniae disease activity, and the death toll from pneumonia reported to CDC in Taiwan

PROPÓSITOS: La COVID-19, causada por SARS-CoV-2, se ha convertido en un brote de pandemia desde enero de 2020. Taiwán ha contenido efectivamente la transmisión comunitaria de la COVID-19. Por otra parte, la influenza también es una enfermedad que se asocia con una alta carga de morbilidades. El objetivo del estudio es validar si combatir la COVID-19 podría ayudar a controlar otras infecciones respiratorias en Taiwán. MÉTODOS: Recopilamos datos semanales de casos de influenza grave, infecciones invasivas por Streptococcus pneumoniae y número de muertes por neumonía, que se informaron a los CDC de Taiwán en las 25 semanas de la temporada de influenza durante 4 años (2016-2020). Comparamos las diferencias de tendencia y de pendiente entre los años. RESULTADOS: Se observó una tendencia a la baja de la influenza grave, de las infecciones invasivas por Streptococcus pneumoniae y del número de muertes por neumonía por semana en la temporada de influenza de 2019-2020. Se observaron diferencias significativas en la tendencia en comparación con las temporadas anteriores, especialmente después del inicio de varias medidas de prevención de enfermedades para combatir el posible brote de COVID-19 en Taiwán. CONCLUSIONES: Por el número de casos reportados a los CDC de Taiwán, encontramos que la lucha contra la COVID-19 logró beneficios colaterales en cuanto a reducción significativa de la carga de la influenza grave, a las infecciones invasivas por Streptococcus pneumoniae y al número de muertes por neumonía