Variations in Physical and Competitive Performance of Highly Trained Sprinters Across an Annual Training Season.

ABSTRACT: Loturco, I, Fernandes, V, Bishop, C, Mercer, VP, Siqueira, F, Nakaya, K, Pereira, LA, and Haugen, T. Variations in physical and competitive performance of highly trained sprinters across an annual training season. J Strength Cond Res 37(5): 1104-1110, 2023-We assessed the changes in sprint, jump, and power parameters across the annual training cycle and tested the longitudinal correlations among these variables in top-level sprinters. Thirteen sprinters training with 4 different Olympic sprint coaches were sequentially assessed over 14 months, from January 2019 to March 2020, within 4 consecutive training camps. Performance tests were conducted as follows: standing long jump, squat and countermovement jumps, 10-m and 60-m sprint time, and maximum power output in the half-squat, jump-squat, and hip-thrust exercises. The competitive results of the sprinters throughout the study period were also recorded and analyzed. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare the physical measurements between different testing sessions. A Pearson product-moment correlation was applied to examine the longitudinal relationships between changes in speed-related and power-related parameters. Percentage change was computed and compared with coefficient of variation values to determine whether changes in performance metrics were higher than the test variance, thus providing an indication of whether true changes occurred on an individual basis. Overall, sprinters did not exhibit significant changes in sprint speed, jumping ability, and power output. In addition, variations in competitive times (i.e., 100 m races) followed a similar pattern, within an average range of ±1.36%, for both male and female sprinters. As expected, top-level sprinters presented only small variations in physical and competitive performance over time. Nevertheless, the use of an individual statistical technique (i.e., true changes calculation) revealed that these nonsignificant increases or decreases may represent meaningful changes in their competitive potential.

Formación de profesores y valores esenciales a la educación en una sociedad democrática / Formação de professores e valores essenciais à educação em uma sociedade democrática / Teacher training and essential values for education in a democratic society

Para auxiliar no desenvolvimento dos estudantes, é importante que os professores atinjam a autonomia. A formação docente pode estimular experiências favoráveis à adesão à justiça, respeito, solidariedade e convivência democrática. Este estudo investiga se a qualidade da formação - inicial e continuada - de professores dos Anos Finais do Ensino Fundamental, em [nome da cidade], relaciona-se à adesão a valores essenciais para uma educação moral. Participaram 260 docentes, de 23 a 70 anos, majoritariamente mulheres. Utilizaram-se: (a) Ficha de Perfil do Professor, (b) QFI, (c) QFC e (d) EVSM. Realizaram-se: (a) análise de clusters, (b) ANOVAS e (c) Kruskal-Wallis. Os professores apresentaram maior adesão à justiça e convivência democrática; menor ao respeito. Para a justiça, houve diferença entre formação continuada de alta e baixa qualidade. Formação continuada de alta qualidade pode promover adesão a valores. É relevante que as iniciativas de formação abordem valores de forma não dogmática, promovendo diálogo e criticidade.

Para ayudar en el desarrollo de los estudiantes, es importante que los profesores alcancen la autonomía. La formación docente puede estimular experiencias favorables a la adhesión a la justicia, respeto, solidaridad y convivencia democrática. En este estudio se investiga si la calidad de la formación - inicial y continuada - de profesores de los Cursos Finales de la Enseñanza Primaria, en [nombre de la ciudad], se relaciona a la adhesión a valores esenciales a una educación moral. Participaron 260 docentes, de 23 a 70 años, mayoritariamente mujeres. Se utilizaron: (a) Ficha de Perfil del Profesor, (b) QFI, (c) QFC y (d) EVSM. Se realizaron: (a) análisis de clusters, (b) ANOVAS y (c) Kruskal-Wallis. Los profesores presentaron mayor adhesión a la justicia y convivencia democrática; menor al respeto. Para la justicia, hubo diferencia entre formación continuada de alta y baja calidad. Formación continuada de alta calidad puede promover adhesión a valores. Es relevante que las iniciativas de formación aborden valores de forma no dogmática, promoviendo diálogo y criticidad.

In order to help students' development, it is important for teachers to achieve autonomy. Teacher training can stimulate experiences that favor adherence to justice, respect, solidarity and democratic coexistence. This study investigates whether the quality of training - initial and continuing - of teachers in the Final Years of Elementary School, in , is related to adherence to essential values for moral education. total of 260 professors, aged 23 to 70, mostly women, participated. The following were used: (a) Teacher Profile Questionnaire, (b) IEQ, (c) CEQ and (d) SMVS. The following were performed: (a) cluster analysis, (b) ANOVAS and (c) Kruskal-Wallis. Teachers showed greater adherence to justice and democratic coexistence; minor to respect. For justice, there was a difference between high and low quality continuing education. High quality continuing education can promote adherence to values. It is important that training initiatives address values ​​in a non-dogmatic way, promoting dialogue and criticism.

Correlations between jump measures and competitive performance remain stable over time in top-level sprinters.

BACKGROUND: We examined the relationships between jump performance measures, sprint tests, and 100-m competition times in 11 top-level sprinters during two successive competitive 4-week mesocycles. METHODS: Physical tests were performed 7-12 days before 3 sequential competitions. Sprinters completed standing long jump, squat and countermovement jumps, and 60-m sprint tests on each occasion. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare the physical assessments and actual competition results among the three moments. A Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationships between the multiple variables over the consecutive mesocycles. Significance level was set at P<0.05. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed among the periods for any jump or sprint performance measure (ES ranging from 0.02 to 0.33; P>0.05). Very large to nearly perfect correlations were observed for all sprint and jump variables and 100-m dash times in the three moments analyzed (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that simple jump measures can be prospectively used to monitor sprint performance. Notably, the standing long jump test was the most consistently related to 100-m time. This simple strategy may help track and field coaches to better adjust the competitive approach of their sprinters, thus optimizing their peak performance.

Valores morais vão à escola?: relação entre concepções de professores e a qualidade da formação / Moral values go to school?: relationship between teachers' conceptions and the quality of their education / ¿Valores morales van a la escuela?: relación entre concepciones del profesor y calidad de formación

O professor possui papel central no incentivo ao desenvolvimento dos jovens. A formação de qualidade do docente propicia reflexões sobre seu papel de formador moral. Este estudo objetiva examinar se a formação ­ inicial e continuada ­ de professores dos anos finais do ensino fundamental, em Porto Alegre, RS, relaciona-se às suas concepções sobre o papel da escola na educação em valores. Participaram 260 docentes. Utilizaram-se uma Ficha de Perfil do Professor, o Questionário de Formação Inicial (QFI) e o Questionário de Formação Continuada (QFC). Rodaram-se estatísticas descritivas, análise de clusters, análise de conteúdo e teste qui-quadrado. A formação de alta qualidade aumenta as chances de o docente conceber a escola como responsável pela educação moral. A de baixa qualidade amplia as chances de considerar apenas a família. A formação apresenta-se como meio privilegiado para engajar os professores na construção de valores dos jovens.

The teacher plays a central role in encouraging youth development. The high-quality teacher education provides reflections on his/her role as moral educator. This study aims to examine whether the education ­ initial e continuing ­ of elementary school teachers, from Porto Alegre, RS, is associated with their conception of the school's role about the moral education. Two hundred and sixty elementary school teachers participated in this research. We used a Teacher Profile Questionnaire, the Initial Education Questionnaire, and the Continuing Education Questionnaire. We performed descriptive statistics, clusters analysis, content analysis and chi-square test. High-quality teacher education increases the chances of conceiving the school as responsible for moral education. Poor-quality education rises the chances of considering only the family. Teacher education is a relevant way to engage the professionals in the construction of youth values.

El profesor tiene papel central en el fomento del desarrollo juvenil. La educación de calidad de los docentes ofrece reflexiones sobre su papel como educadores morales. Este estudio tiene como objetivo examinar si la educación inicial y continua de los docentes en los últimos años de la escuela primaria, en Porto Alegre, RS, se relaciona con sus concepciones sobre el papel de la escuela en la educación moral. Participaron 260 docentes. Se utilizaron un Instrumento de Perfil del Profesor, el Cuestionario de Formación Inicial y el Cuestionario de Formación Continua. Se realizaron estadísticas descriptivas, análisis de grupos, análisis de contenido y chi-cuadrado. La buena formación aumenta la probabilidad de que el profesor conciba a la escuela como responsable por la educación moral. La mala aumenta la probabilidad de considerar solo a la familia. La formación es una forma de involucrar a los docentes en la construcción de valores.

Predictive Factors of Elite Sprint Performance: Influences of Muscle Mechanical Properties and Functional Parameters.

Loturco, I, Kobal, R, Kitamura, K, Fernandes, V, Moura, N, Siqueira, F, Cal Abad, CC, and Pereira, LA. Predictive factors of elite sprint performance: influences of muscle mechanical properties and functional parameters. J Strength Cond Res 33(4): 974-986, 2019-Sprint performance relies on many different mechanical and physiological factors. The purpose of this study was to identify, among a variety of strength-power exercises and tensiomyography (TMG) parameters, the best predictors of maximum running speed in elite sprinters and jumpers. To test these relationships, 19 power track and field athletes, 4 long jumpers, and 15 sprinters (men: 12; 22.3 ± 2.4 years; 75.5 ± 8.3 kg; 176.5 ± 5.6 cm; women: 7; 23.8 ± 4.2 years; 56.9 ± 5.4 kg; 167.4 ± 5.8 cm) were assessed using different intensities of TMG-derived velocity of contraction (Vc), squat and countermovement jumps, drop jump at 45 and 75 cm; and a 60-meter sprint time. In addition, the mean propulsive power (MPP) and peak power (PP) outputs were collected in the jump squat (JS) and half-squat (HS) exercises. Based on the calculations of the Vc at 40 mA, the athletes were divided (by median split analysis) into 2 groups: higher and lower Vc 40 mA groups. The magnitude-based inference method was used to compare the differences between groups. The correlations between mechanical and functional measures were determined using the Pearson's test. A multiple regression analysis was performed to predict sprint performance, using the Vc at 40 mA, jump heights, and JS and HS power outputs as independent variables. The higher Vc 40 mA group demonstrated likely better performances than the lower Vc 40 mA group in all tested variables. Large to nearly perfect significant correlations were found between sprint time, jump heights, and power outputs in both JS and HS exercises. Notably, the Vc 40 mA associated with the vertical jump height and MPP in JS explained >70% of the shared variance in sprint times. In conclusion, it was found that faster athletes performed better in strength-power tests, in both loaded and unloaded conditions, as confirmed by the strong correlations observed between speed and power measures. Lastly, the Vc also showed a marked selective influence on sprint and power capacities. These findings reinforce the notion that maximum running speed is a very complex physical capacity, which should be assessed and trained using several methods and training strategies.

Vertically and horizontally directed muscle power exercises: Relationships with top-level sprint performance.

The capacity to rapidly generate and apply a great amount of force seems to play a key role in sprint running. However, it has recently been shown that, for sprinters, the technical ability to effectively orient the force onto the ground is more important than its total amount. The force-vector theory has been proposed to guide coaches in selecting the most adequate exercises to comprehensively develop the neuromechanical qualities related to the distinct phases of sprinting. This study aimed to compare the relationships between vertically-directed (loaded and unloaded vertical jumps, and half-squat) and horizontally-directed (hip-thrust) exercises and the sprint performance of top-level track and field athletes. Sixteen sprinters and jumpers (including three Olympic athletes) executed vertical jumps, loaded jump squats and hip-thrusts, and sprinting speed tests at 10-, 20-, 40-, 60-, 100-, and 150-m. Results indicated that the hip-thrust is more associated with the maximum acceleration phase (i.e., from zero to 10-m; r = 0.93), whereas the loaded and unloaded vertical jumps seem to be more related to top-speed phases (i.e., distances superior to 40-m; r varying from 0.88 to 0.96). These findings reinforce the mechanical concepts supporting the force-vector theory, and provide coaches and sport scientists with valuable information about the potential use and benefits of using vertically- or horizontally-based training exercises.

O valor dos valores: a perspectiva de pais em relação a seus filhos / The value of values: the perspective of parents towards their children

Este estudo baseou-se na teoria ecológico-cultural. O objetivo foi identificar, em pais de crianças e adolescentes, quais valores eles consideram mais e menos importantes para seus filhos. Vinte e dois participantes responderam a uma escala que avalia a importância de 27 valores. Após, participaram de uma entrevista semiestruturada, elencando os três valores mais importantes e os três menos, bem como justificando suas escolhas. Foram considerados mais importantes: honestidade, justiça e determinação. Os menos importantes foram: ambição, seguir regras dos pais e liderança. Dentre as justificativas dos mais importantes, destacaram-se: respeitar a alteridade, ser um meio para atingir objetivos e englobar outros valores. Nos menos importantes, destacaram-se: acarretar prejuízos, não ser essencial e não ser garantia de sucesso. Discutem-se os resultados à luz da literatura. Ressaltam-se a importância dos valores enquanto assunto interdisciplinar e a necessidade de reflexão sobre quais tipos de valores se deseja desenvolver na sociedade (AU)

This study was based on cultural-ecological theory. The aim was to identify, in parents of children and adolescents, what values they consider more and less important, and to analyze their justifications. Twenty-two parents answered a scale to assess the importance of 27 values and a semi-structured interview, in which they listed the three most and three least important values, justifying their choices. The most important values were: honesty, justice and determination. The three least important were: ambition, following parents' rules and leadership. Justifications for the most important values included: respecting others, permitting the achievement of one's goals, and including other values. The least important included: causing damage, being unessential, and not guaranteeing success. Results were discussed based on the literature. We emphasized the importance of values as an interdisciplinary subject and the necessity to reflect upon the values we want to develop in our society (AU)

Este estudio fue basado en la teoría ecológica-cultural. El objetivo fue identificar, en padres de niños y adolescentes, que valores consideran más y menos importantes para sus hijos, y sus justificaciones. Veintidós padres respondieron un cuestionario que evalúa la importancia de 27 valores, y una entrevista semiestructurada, indicando los tres valores más y menos importantes, y justificando sus indicaciones. Fueron considerados más importantes: honestidad, justicia y determinación. Los menos importantes fueron: ambición, seguir las reglas de los padres y liderazgo. Entre las justificaciones para los más importantes, se destacaron: respeto al otro, ser un medio para alcanzar objetivos e incluir otros valores. Para los menos importantes, se destacaron: causar daños, no ser esencial y no garantizar éxito. Se discuten los resultados a través de la literatura. Se destacan la importancia de los valores como materia interdisciplinaria y la necesidad de reflexionar sobre que valores se deseaSe Destacan desarrollar en la sociedad (AU)

Desenvolvimento das relações entre humildade e gratidão na infância / Development of the relations between humility and gratitude in childhood / Desarrollo de las relaciones entre humildad y gratitud en la infancia

Neste estudo, investigou-se se existe desenvolvimento das relações entre gratidão e humildade na infância. Participaram 28 crianças, distribuídas em três grupos etários (6, 9 e 12 anos), pareadas por sexo. Como instrumento, utilizaram-se duas histórias: em uma delas, o benfeitor foi humilde; na outra, o benfeitor não foi humilde. Cada história foi seguida de uma entrevista semiestruturada. O sentimento de obrigatoriedade de retribuir um favor apresentou variações dependendo do tipo de benfeitor (humilde ou não-humilde). Houve uma maior tendência das crianças mais velhas levarem em conta a humildade e a ausência de humildade do benfeitor, em suas justificativas, quando comparadas com as crianças mais novas. Ao explicitar-se a diferença entre as histórias, a frequência de justificativas que mencionaram a falta de humildade do benfeitor aumentou em todas as idades e surgiu o tema da generosidade. Os resultados sugeriram que há desenvolvimento das relações entre gratidão e humildade na infância. Os dados encontrados contribuem para uma reflexão sobre a elaboração de programas educacionais para crianças, especialmente aqueles relacionados a virtudes. (AU)

This study examined whether the relations between gratitude and humility develop over childhood. Twenty-eight children, divided into three age groups (6, 9 and 12 years old), participated in this research. We used two vignettes: in one of them, the benefactor was humble; in the other one, the benefactor was not humble. Each story was followed by a semi-structured interview. The feeling of obligation to return a favor showed variations depending on the type of benefactor (humble or non-humble). There was a greater tendency for older children to take into account the benefactor's humility and lack of humility, in their justifications, when compared to younger children. When the differences between the vignettes were made explicit, the frequency of justifications that mentioned the benefactor's lack of humility increased in all ages and the theme of generosity appeared. Results showed that the relations between gratitude and humility develop over childhood. These findings raise questions about the creation of educational programs for children, especially the ones related to virtues. (AU)

Este estudio investigó si hay un desarrollo de las relaciones entre gratitud y humildad en la infancia. Participaron 28 niños, divididos en tres grupos de edad (6, 9 y 12), emparejados por sexo. Se utilizaron dos historias: en una, el benefactor fue humilde; en la otra, el benefactor no fue humilde. Cada historia fue seguida de una entrevista semi-estructurada. El sentimiento de obligación de retribuir un favor mostró variaciones dependiendo del tipo de benefactor (humilde o no humilde). Hubo una mayor tendencia de los niños mayores tener en cuenta la humildad y la ausencia de humildad del benefactor, en sus justificativas, comparados con los niños más pequeños. Al destacar la diferencia entre las historias, la frecuencia de las justificativas que mencionaron la falta de humildad del benefactor aumentó en todas las edades y la generosidad apareció. Los resultados sugieren un desarrollo de las relaciones entre gratitud y humildad en la infancia. Los datos encontrados contribuyen a una reflexión sobre la elaboración de programas educacionales para los niños, especialmente aquellos relacionados a las virtudes. (AU)

Aplication of videothoracoscopy in trauma--experience of a service.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate patients with chest trauma submitted to videothoracoscopy during hospitalization. In 2007, the Trauma Surgery Group was created in the General Surgery Department of the Hospital Municipal Lourenço Jorge of Rio de Janeiro-RJ, and started following all trauma victims who were admitted to the Hospital. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients submitted to thoracoscopy from July 2007 to May 2015, based on a database started at the beginning of this period and on data collection from patients who underwent thoracoscopy. We evaluated the following parameters: procedure effectiveness, indication of the procedure, conversion rate, complications and mortality. We included patients who presented post-traumatic pleural collections, such as retained hemothorax and pleural empyema, and penetrating injury in the thoracoabdominal transition. All patients were hemodynamic stable and signed an informed consent. RESULTS: In the analyzed period 53 patients were submitted to videothoracoscopy; 24 had penetrating trauma (45.3%) and 29, blunt (54.7%), with a predominance of males (75.5%). The procedure was performed in 26 cases of retained hemothorax (49%), 14 cases of empyema (26.5%) and in 13 patients for evaluation of injury in the thoracoabdominal transition (24.5%). The thoracoscopy was effective in resolution of 36 cases (80%), without need for further procedure. There was a conversion rate of 15.5% and 3 procedure complications related (6.6%). Mortality was nil. CONCLUSION: In this series, videothoracoscopy proved that this diagnostic and therapeutic procedure is safe and effective, if performed by a surgeon with appropriate training, especially when it is indicated in cases of retained hemothorax and evaluation of penetrating thoracoabdominal trauma.

Aplication of videothoracoscopy in trauma - experience of a service / Aplicação da videotoracoscopia no trauma - experiência de um serviço

Objective: To evaluate patients with chest trauma submitted to videothoracoscopy during hospitalization. In 2007, the Trauma Surgery Group was created in the General Surgery Department of the Hospital Municipal Lourenço Jorge of Rio de Janeiro-RJ, and started following all trauma victims who were admitted to the Hospital. Methods : We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients submitted to thoracoscopy from July 2007 to May 2015, based on a database started at the beginning of this period and on data collection from patients who underwent thoracoscopy. We evaluated the following parameters: procedure effectiveness, indication of the procedure, conversion rate, complications and mortality. We included patients who presented post-traumatic pleural collections, such as retained hemothorax and pleural empyema, and penetrating injury in the thoracoabdominal transition. All patients were hemodynamic stable and signed an informed consent. Results: In the analyzed period 53 patients were submitted to videothoracoscopy; 24 had penetrating trauma (45.3%) and 29, blunt (54.7%), with a predominance of males (75.5%). The procedure was performed in 26 cases of retained hemothorax (49%), 14 cases of empyema (26.5%) and in 13 patients for evaluation of injury in the thoracoabdominal transition (24.5%). The thoracoscopy was effective in resolution of 36 cases (80%), without need for further procedure. There was a conversion rate of 15.5% and 3 procedure complications related (6.6%). Mortality was nil. Conclusion: In this series, videothoracoscopy proved that this diagnostic and therapeutic procedure is safe and effective, if performed by a surgeon with appropriate training, especially when it is indicated in cases of retained hemothorax and evaluation of penetrating thoracoabdominal trauma.

Objetivo: avaliar os resultados obtidos com o emprego da videotoracoscopia na avaliação dos traumas toracoabdominais e no tratamento das complicações do trauma torácico. Métodos: análise retrospectiva dos pacientes submetidos à videotoracoscopia no período de julho de 2007 a maio de 2015, com base em banco de dados criado no início deste período e na coleta dos dados dos pacientes submetidos à videotoracoscopia. Foram avaliados: a eficácia e as indicações do procedimento, a taxa de conversão, as complicações e mortalidade. Foram incluídos os pacientes que apresentavam coleções pleurais pós-traumáticas, como hemotórax retido e empiema pleural, e lesões penetrantes na transição toracoabdominal. Todos os pacientes submetidos apresentavam estabilidade hemodinâmica e consentimento informado do procedimento. Resultados: no período analisado, 53 pacientes foram submetidos à toracoscopia, dentre estes, 24 traumas penetrantes (45,3%) e 29 contusos (54,7%) com predominância do sexo masculino (75,5%). O procedimento foi realizado em 26 casos de hemotórax retido (49%), 14 empiemas (26,5%) e em 13 pacientes para avaliação de lesões da transição toracoabdominal (24,5%). A toracoscopia foi eficaz na resolução de 36 casos (80%) sem necessidade de novo procedimento. Houve uma a taxa de conversão de 15,5% e três complicações relacionadas ao procedimento (6,6%). A mortalidade foi nula. Conclusão: apesar da série ainda ser pequena, a videotoracoscopia é um procedimento factível, com várias indicações e aplicações em pacientes traumatizados e, na nossa série, a mortalidade foi nula e a incidência de complicações, pequena.

Embryo transfer in no cycling Crioula and Quarter horse breeds treated with estradiol cipionate and long-acting progesterone

The aim of this work was to prepare the mares for embryo transfer. In group 1 (G1,treated, n=15), recipient mares in anoestrus or in a transition period were treated with 5.0, 3.0 and 2.0 mg of estradiol cipionate at the days 0, 1 and 2 respectively, beginning at the day of ovulation (DO). From the fourth day on, the mares this group received long-acting progesterone weekly, up to the 120 day of gestation. At D8, the embryo was collected from the donor and transferred to the recipient. At D12, the ultrasonographyc diagnosis of pregnancy was carried out. The control group (G2, not treated, n=20) was formed by cycling recipient mares, displaying ovulation at each 2 to 3 days after the donors mare ovulation. The pregnancy rate was higher (p<0.05) in the mares from G2 (85.0 percent) than from G1 (53.3 percent). Thus, it could be concluded that the treated mares although showed lesser pregnancy rate than the cycling mare, were satisfactory alternative to be used mainly when there is no available cycling recipient.

Compostos sulfurados voláteis, placa dental gengivite em estudantes de odontologia da Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul / Volatile sulfur compounds, plaque and gingivitis in students from the faculty of dentistry of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a relação entre os níveis de compostos sulfurados voláteis (CSV), placa dental e gengivite em estudantes de odontologia. Foram examinados 30 estudantes de odontologia da FO-UFRGS, não fumantes com idade entre 18-26 anos. Os níveis de CSV foram medidos com monitor portátil de CSV (Halimeter, Interscan, USA), no ínicio do turno da manhã (entre 7 e 9 horas), sem higiene bucal prévia. Dois examinadores calibradores registraram os Índices de Placa Visível (IPV) e Sangramento Gengival (ISG). Foram realizadas duas análises: uma com todos os indivíduos, e outra considerando um ponto de corte para CSV de 75 ppb. A associação entre os níveis de CSV, placa e gengivite foi avaliada através do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson (r). A associação entre a percepção do hálito e o hábito de escovação de língua com os níveis de CSV foi avaliada com o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman (r (s)). IPV e ISG foram comparados entre os grupos com CSV maior ou menor que 75 ppb utilizando a Prova U de Mann-Whitney. A unidade analítica foi o indivíduo (alfa=5 por cento). Os níveis médios de placa, gengivite e CSV na amostra foram de 29,52 por cento, 4,41 por cento e 67,5 ppb, respectivamente. Foi observada correlação significativa entre IPV e ISG (r=0,59; p=0,001). Não foram encontrados correlações significativas entre os níveis de placa e gengivite com CSV. Não houve diferenças significativas na quantidade de placa e gengivite entre indivíduos com CSV(3)75 e CSV<75 (29,05±9,23 por cento e 29,76±15,24 por cento, p=0,89; 4,77±4,47 por cento e 4,22±4,18 por cento, p=0,74; respectivamente). Foi observada correlação significativa entre percepção individual do hálito e níveis de placa (r(s)=0,52, p=0,003). Pode-se concluir que, em indivíduos com adequado padrão de higiene bucal, os níveis de placa e gengivite não se correlacionam com os de CSV, havendo relação entre a percepção individual do hálito e níveis de placa visível

Epiglotite aguda em adulto / Acute epiglottitis in adult

A epiglotite é uma afecção comumente reconhecida por acometer crianças na faixa pré-escolar e por sua gravidade nestes pacientes. Apesar de não ser frequentemente relatada como uma doença que acomete adultos, nos últimos anos houve uma aumento de sua incidência nesta faixa etária.Apresentamos o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino de 43 anos, em que foi diagnosticado epiglotite através de videolaringoscopia indireta após 5 dias de evolução sem tratamento apropriado. A paciente foi tratada com claritromicina 1g/dia por 14 dias, com remissão completa do quadro.A epiglotite aguda em adultos pode evoluir de forma insidiosa, regredindo com tratamento ambulatorial e raramente levando a complicações obstrutivas. A claritromicina pode ser usada durante 14 dias no tratamento da epiglotite com uma resposta satisfatória.