Systematic review on the frequency of occurrence in nerve branches and the side of the face involved in trigeminal neuralgia and its clinical implication.

Purpose: The purpose of this systematic review is to answer the focused question, "What is the commonly affected nerve branch and the side of the face involved in trigeminal neuralgia?" Types of studies reviewed: This systematic review included studies reporting commonly affected trigeminal nerve branches and the side of the face involved in trigeminal neuralgia. To find the potential studies published, the authors utilized specific search databases such as PubMed, and Google scholar. Results: Among 132 published studies, the authors selected only 11 to be included for this systematic review. The sample size ranged from 50 to 43,518 study subjects. This review identified that the mandibular branches of the trigeminal nerve were the most affected, followed by the maxillary branch. The review also identified that the right side of the face was predominantly affected. Conclusion and practical implications: The authors of this review identified a higher occurrence of trigeminal neuralgia in the mandibular division of the nerve, commonly affected on the right side of the face. Further prospective-based research and meta-analysis are required to validate the commonly occurring trigeminal nerve branch and sidedness of the face involved with its clinical implications in trigeminal neuralgia.

Magnitude and predictors of common mental disorders among residents in south Gondar Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: a community-based, cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Common mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, and somatic symptoms are a major public health concern because it is prevalent and chronic, and its impact on physical health, psychological and economic consequences is very serious. Evidence on the prevalence and predictors of common mental disorders is very limited in Ethiopia. This study aims to determine the prevalence and associated factors with common mental disorders. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 731 south Gondar zone residents recruited with a multistage sampling method. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews on socio-demographic, clinical, and psychosocial factors. Common mental disorders (CMD) were assessed using a self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-20). A-List of Threatening Experiences and the Oslo social support instruments were used to identify the factors. We used bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regressions to identify factors associated with common mental disorders. Statistical significance was declared at P-value < 0.05. RESULTS: The prevalence of common mental disorders over the last four weeks was found to be 29.7% with 95% of confidence interval (CI) (26.4-33.1). After adjusting possible confounders, female sex, [AOR = 2.47, 95% CI (1.68, 3.62)], poor social support [AOR = 2.34, 95% CI (1.50, 3.64)], family history of mental illness [AOR = 2.15, (1.32-3.51)], rural resident [AOR = 2.01, 95% CI (1.35, 3.01)], current use of khat [AOR = 1.69, 95% CI (1 0.07, 2.64)] current use of tobacco (AOR = 1.71, 95% CI (1.04-2.84) and unemployment [AOR = 1.762, 95% CI; 1.193, 2.602)] were significantly associated with common mental disorders. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of common mental disorders was high, especially in Female sex, current substance use (khat chewing (leaves) and tobacco smoking), unemployment, rural residence, family history mental illness, and poor social support are the main determinants of common mental disorders. Early detection and appropriate intervention for common mental disorders in the community level should be promoted. Governmental strategies should be focused on implementing substance rehabilitation centers to treat Khat and tobacco might be helpful to minimize the burden of CMD in Ethiopia.

Incidence and predictors of anemia among adults on HIV care at South Gondar Zone Public General Hospital Northwest Ethiopia, 2020; retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Anemia is a major public health problem worldwide which accounts 24.8% of the population. Subsequently, anemia is a leading killer of people living with human immunodeficiency virus and many of these deaths occur in developing countries including Ethiopia. Cross sectional studies have done on anemia and human immunodeficiency virus. However, there is limited study on incidence of anemia and its predictors among adults on HIV care, especially no survival study has been conducted in the study area. OBJECTIVE: To assess incidence and predictors of anemia among adults on Human immunodeficiency virus care. METHODS: An institution-based retrospective cohort study was conducted among 434 adults on HIV care from January 1st 2015 to December 30th 2019 at Debre Tabor Referral Hospital. A computer-generated simple random sampling technique was employed to select the study participants. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of Bahir Dar University, and also, we got implied consent to review charts from the concerned bodies in the hospital. Data were entered using Epi-data version 3.1 and analyzed by using STATA version 14.0. A Kaplan Meier survival curve was utilized to estimate anemia free survival time. Bivariable and Multivariable Cox proportional hazards model were fitted to identify predictors of anemia. RESULTS: The overall incidence density rate of anemia was 6.27 (95% CI: 0.051, 0.077) per 100 person years. Clinical stage III/IV (AHR = 1.04; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.06), Body Mass Index less than 18.5 kg/m2 (AHR = 3.11; 95% CI = 1.56, 6.22), serum creatinine greater than 1.1 IU/L(AHR = 2.07; 95% CI = 1.12, 3.81) and fair/poor level of adherence(AHR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.03, 1.07) were statistically significant predictors of anemia while increased anti-retroviral treatment duration (AHR = 0.98; 95% CI = 0.97, 0.99) decrease the risk of anemia at 95% confidence level. CONCLUSION: The overall incidence density rate of anemia was high. Patients with clinical stage III/IV, body mass index < 18.5 kg/m2, serum creatinine greater than 1.1 IU/L and fair/poor level of adherence were significant predictors of anemia while increased antiretroviral treatment duration had decreased the risk of anemia. RECOMMENDATION: Even if the overall incidence rate of anemia was lower as compared to previous studies in Ethiopia, still the incidence of anemia was high. So, prevention measures should be taken beside with HIV care especially within 6-months ART initiation.

Diabetes mellitus among adults on highly active anti-retroviral therapy and its associated factors in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus occurs as a comorbid illness among people living with HIV and, in particular those on Highly Active Anti-retroviral therapies (HAART). Previous studies have documented the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among adults on HAART; however, there is lack of comprehensive estimation. Hence, this study was aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence and associated factors of diabetes mellitus among adults on HAART in Ethiopia. METHODS: Primary studies were exhaustively searched using Cochrane, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of science databases until February 2021. Eligible studies were selected and critically appraised for quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) quality appraisal checklist. The required data were extracted and exported to Stata version 16 for meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of diabetes mellitus among adults on HAART was estimated using a weighted inverse random effect model. Sensitivity and sub-group analysis were conducted for evidence of heterogeneity. Trim and fill analysis was performed after Egger's test and funnel plot were indicating the presence of publication bias. RESULTS: A total of 17 studies with 6,052 subjects on HAART were included. The pooled prevalence of diabetes mellitus among patients on HAART was 16.04% [95% Confidence Interval (CI); 11.6, 20.92]. Abnormal High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) [Adjusted Odd Ratio (AOR) = 4.68, 95% CI; 2.54, 6.82], Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 [AOR = 7.41, 95% CI; 2.75, 12.08], ≥6 years ART [AOR = 8.14, 95% CI; 5.85, 30.43], hypertension [AOR = 3.29, 95% CI; 2.13, 4.45], age 35-44 years [AOR = 6.28; 95% CI; 4.20, 8.37, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 [AOR = 7.81, 95% CI; 4.97, 10.64], educational status above diploma [AOR = 6.42, 95% CI; 1.28, 11.57] and age 45-55 years [AOR = 4.46, 95% CI; 2.81, 6.10] were positively associated with diabetes mellitus comorbidity among adults on HAART. CONCLUSION: The higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus was observed for adults on HAART. HDL-C, duration of ART, hypertension, overweight, obesity, age and educational status of participants increases the prevalence of diabetes mellitus. The study highlights the importance of timely screening of HDL-C level, blood pressure and BMI for adults on HAART.

Knowledge and attitude of the community towards epilepsy in Northwest Ethiopia: A huge gap on knowledge and attitude of the community.

BACKGROUND: Misconception about epilepsy in Ethiopia is higher which in turn affects overall quality of life of the individuals. This research was aimed to assess knowledge and attitude of the community towards epilepsy in Northwest Ethiopia. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted. Data was entered by Epi data version 4.2 and analyzed by SPSS version 24. Descriptive and analytical statistical procedures, with 95% confidence interval were employed and significance level was determined at p-value < 0.05. RESULT: A total of 782 respondents were participated with the response rate of 96.1%. About 66.2% of respondents had poor knowledge and 67.0% had unfavorable attitude, towards epilepsy.In multivariate logistic regression, younger age, rural resident, not knew someone with epilepsy, did not have witness of seizure episode, and did not take prior training were associated with poor knowledge. Male sex, rural resident, did not know someone with epilepsy, did not have witness of seizure episode, did not take prior training, and had poor knowledge were associated with unfavorable attitude towards epilepsy. CONCLUSION: Majority of participants had poor knowledge and unfavorable attitude. Public education about epilepsy is recommended to modify misconceptions and to promote positive attitudes.