Health and well-being needs of Indigenous adolescents: a protocol for a scoping review of qualitative studies.

INTRODUCTION: Improving the health of Indigenous adolescents is central to addressing the health inequities faced by Indigenous peoples. To achieve this, it is critical to understand what is needed from the perspectives of Indigenous adolescents themselves. There have been many qualitative studies that capture the perspectives of Indigenous young people, but synthesis of these has been limited to date. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This scoping review seeks to understand the specific health needs and priorities of Indigenous adolescents aged 10-24 years captured via qualitative studies conducted across Australia, Aotearoa New Zealand, Canada, the USA, Greenland and Sami populations (Norway and Sweden). A team of Indigenous and non-Indigenous researchers from these nations will systematically search PubMed (including the MEDLINE, PubMed Central and Bookshelf databases), CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, the Informit Indigenous and Health Collections, Google Scholar, Arctic Health, the Circumpolar Health Bibliographic Database, Native Health Database, iPortal and NZresearch.org, as well as specific websites and clearinghouses within each nation for qualitative studies. We will limit our search to articles published in any language during the preceding 5 years given that needs may have changed significantly over time. Two independent reviewers will identify relevant articles using a two-step process, with disagreements resolved by a third reviewer and the wider research group. Data will then be extracted from included articles using a standardised form, with descriptive synthesis focussing on key needs and priorities. This scoping review will be conducted and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics approval was not required for this review. Findings will be disseminated via a peer-reviewed journal article and will inform a broader international collaboration for Indigenous adolescent health to develop evidence-based actions and solutions.

Are women with gestational diabetes being screened for type 2 diabetes following pregnancy? A nationwide retrospective cohort study in Aotearoa New Zealand.

AIM: To estimate the proportion of women with a first episode of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Aotearoa (New Zealand) who received postpartum screening for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: Data from 941,468 pregnancies occurring between 2005 and 2015 were linked with laboratory, community pharmacy, and hospital discharge data from the Ministry of Health's National Collections to identify a cohort of women who had a first episode of GDM (n = 14,443). Proportions receiving a glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) test or oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) during the first year postpartum were estimated overall, and by calendar year, ethnic group, age, deprivation, and region. RESULTS: Overall, 40.9% (95% CI 40.1-41.7%) received an HbA1c test or OGTT within 3 months, 53.3% (52.5-54.1%) within 6 months, and 61.0% (60.2-61.8%) within 12 months postpartum. Screening proportions within 12 months were stable over time. Indigenous Maori were less likely to receive screening within 6 months postpartum (35.0% [33.1-37.0%]) than other ethnic groups, as were younger women and those with higher deprivation. There were marked variations by region (between 15.3% and 67.5%). CONCLUSION: Postpartum T2DM screening was low over the period studied, with substantial ethnic and regional inequities across New Zealand.