[Selenium content in meat and poultry in Orenburg region].

Selenium content in beef, pork and poultry from Orenburg Region has been investigated. Regions with low (beef < 112 mcg/kg, pork--about 200 mcg/kg, poultry < 127 mcg/kg), medium and high (beef > 300 mcg/kg; pork--about 600 mcg/kg; poultry--170-180 mcg/kg) selenium levels are indicated. Positive correlations between selenium content in meat and soil are demonstrated (beef/soil +0.558, p < 0.001; pork/soil +0.557, p < 0.001; poultry/soil +0.389, p < 0.05). Meat contribution to selenium consumption is equal to: beef--4.6%, pork--6%, poultry--2.6%.

[System of therapy and prophylaxis of hard tooth tissues pathology in the group of pilots].

Survey of 77 males aged 22 to 55 including 43 pilots (main group), 24 non-flying employees (comparison group) and 10 essentially healthy men with sanitized oral cavity (control group) revealed caries in 100% members of groups 1 and 2. Prevalence of other than caries pathologies was higher in the group of pilots. Analysis of mixed unstimulated saliva showed calcium and phosphates reduction by half in 50% and 30% of pilots, respectively. Investigation of hair elemental composition displayed also deficiency of Ca and P in pilots. The authors recommend methods for dental rehabilitation as an indispensable part of medical care for flying personnel.

[The hygienic features of nutrition and elemental status in the children of the Orenburg region].

The paper analyzes the trace element status in the children residing in Orenburg and the Sakmarsky District, Orenburg Region. The study was conducted among 2nd-3rd-form pupils. Their hair samples were used as a biosubstrate to ascertain the trace element status; chemical elements were determined in accordance with guidelines 4.1.1482-03 and 4.1.1483-03 approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in 2003. The studies ascertained the children's trace element profiles that are indicative of the high prevalence of imbalance in the hair content of elements among the rural children in the presence of inadequate nutrition in both rural and urban schoolchildren.

[Unidirectionality of elemental state disorders in workers contacting arsenic compounds and in oncologic patients].

The authors determined concentrations of 24 elements in hair of workers contacting arsenic high concentrations in workplace air, of individuals suffering from malignancies variable in localization, and of general population residing in places with environmentally high level of arsenic. Individuals with high hair content of arsenic and certain elemental dysbalance (sharp decrease of elements ratio Si/Hg, Zn/Hg, Se/Hg, P/Hg, Ni/Hg and Nb/Hg, if compared to control group) were assigned to high risk group for malignancies development.

[Influence of industrial factors on the health status of heat and power plant workers].

The hair levels of chemical elements (Al, As, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, I, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Se, Si, Sn, V, and Zn) were studied in Orenburg heat and power plant workers. The specific features of the elemental composition of biosubstrates were revealed in relation to the physical and chemical exposures of the workers to industrial factors. The peculiarities of element-to-element relations were established in man under different working conditions.

[Metalloligand homeostasis: molecular basis of iatrogenic and technogenic trace element deficiency].

It is well known that a toxic effect of some medicines is the result of their in vivo interactions with trace elements leading to disturbance of trace element balance in the living body. The Mossbauer spectrometry technique has been used for toxicochemical evaluation of iron-bearing medicines. This method can be used in forensic toxicology. We studied composition of trace elements in the hair of children living in Macedonia: in polluted territory (the town of Veles, the study group) versus in unpolluted one (Ivankovci village, the control group). AES-ICP and ICP-MS techniques were used. We discovered that the hair of children living in the polluted territory contain significantly elevated concentrations of Pb (in 43% cases), Hg, Ni (14%), Cd (21%), Cu (16%), Sn, As, Na, Se and subnormal concentrations of Mg (in 51% cases), Mn, Cr and Li.

[Zinc in human nutrition: actual consumption and bioavailability requirements (communication 2)]. / Tsink v pitanii cheloveka: fakticheskoe potreblenie i kriterii obespechennosti (soobshchenie 2-e).

This revue discusses data concerning essential trace element zinc (Zn) dietary consumption levels in Russian Federation and some foreign countries. There are discussed biochemical criteria of Zn security in humans. It's concluded that zinc insufficiency is widely distributed among adult and children population in many districts of Russia.

[Essential microelements and gallstones in children]. / Essentsial'nye mikroélementy i zhelchnokamennaia bolezn' v detskom vozraste.

The article presents a study of particular features of the essential microelements content in the hair, blood, bile and gallstones in infants with cholelithiasis. It was shown that this disease is accompanied by a lack of microelements, which appears as a lack of selenium, imbalance of zinc and accumulation of iron and copper in biological objects. In conjunction with other factors (vegetative dysfunction, comorbidities of the gastrointestinal tract and maldevelopment of the bile-excreting tract), the lack of microelements can promote the formation of gallstones in infants. It is possible to obtain complete information on particular features of microelements changes with the help of simultaneous studies of tissues of the hair, blood, bile and gallstones.

[Sanitary assessment of provision of children with selenium in the Baikal Lake area]. / Gigienicheskaia otsenka obespechennosti selenom detei Pribaikal'ia.

The provision of children from Baikal Lake areas with selenium was studied in relation to the geochemical area, the man-made pollution of an area, sex, age, and the presence of a disease has been studied. The content of selenium in the hairs of the children living in the areas extensively exposed to pollution is show to be lower than in those from ecologically pure areas. The correlation of selenium with other elements in the children's hair depends on the level of these elements. Thus, with low hair zinc content, there is a positive correlation (r = 0.32) between selenium and zinc (p < 0.05), while with its hair levels, there is a negative correlation (r = -0.46; p < 0.05). The content of selenium in the children's biosubstrata increases with age. The hair selenium levels are higher in girls than in boys. In ill children, they amount to 47 to 77% of those of healthy children.

[Effects of cerebrolysin on the oxidant homeostasis, the content of microelements and electrolytes in children with minimal brain dysfunction]. / Vliianie tserebrolizina na oksidantnyi gomeostaz, soderzhanie mikroélementov i élektrolitov u detei s minimal'noi mozgovoi disfunktsiei.

In 36 children of 3-8 years old with minimal cerebral dysfunction there were evaluated both concentrations of malonic dialdehyde in blood plasma, erythrocytes and platelets as well as the content of 25 elements (K, Mg, Ca, Na, P, Se, Zn, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Si, Li, Ni, V, Pb, Sn, Cd, Al, As, Be, Bi, Ti) in hairs. These indices were estimated both before and after course of cerebrolysin therapy (the a dose 2-5 ml intramuscularly during 1 month). There was observed positive influence of the drug on the clinical manifestations of the disease, oxidant and elements homeostasis. Nuclear-emission analysis of the elements' composition of cerebrolysin revealed quite high content in the drug of magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, and selenium which had neuroactive and antioxidant properties.

[Morphologic characteristics of the thymus in pregnant and newborn mice exposed to sodium arsenite]. / Morfologicheskaia kharakteristika timusa beremennykh i novorozhdennykh myshei pri ékspozitsii arsenitom natriia.

In experiments with intragastric administration of sodium arsenite to pregnant CBA mice at the dose of 10 and 20 mg/kg during 15 days of gestation (groups 1 and 3), during 15 days before pregnancy and 15 days of gestation (10 mg/kg, group 2) morphological and functional state of the thymus in mothers and newborns was studied. Besides that the content of some trace elements (As, Se, Fe, Mn, Mo, Zn, Cu) in the liver and skin of pregnant mice and total body of newborns was estimated. It was established, that the most pronounced structural changes were seen in the thymus of pregnant mice and newborns of group 2 and 3, which received total dose of sodium arsenite 300 mg/kg ("critical" dose). The changes in the thymus were characterized by accidental involution with a decrease of absolute and relative organ weight, cellularity, especially that of cortical substance, an increase of the apoptotically changed lymphocytes, a decrease of the volume density of cortical layer and increase of the medullar layer and also increase of the thymic bodies number, especially the number of cyst-like structures and epithelial channels. The secondary imbalance of the essential trace elements, first of all that of Fe and Se was observed. This, undoubtedly, plays a significant pathogenetic role in the disturbances of immunological and reproductive systems of the body.

[Reduction of voluntary alcohol consumption under the effects of prolonged-action zinc]. / Snizhenie dobrovol'nogo potrebleniia étanola pod vliianiem preparata tsinka prolongirovannogo deistviia.

It was revealed that an involuntary rats' intoxication with 10% ethanol solution during 8 months caused a reduction of zinc content in the brain. A subcutaneous depot administration of highly dispersed zinc powder in a dose of 5 mg/kg reduced ethanol consumption under conditions of free choice for two weeks. This effect of the preparation was associated with normalization of zinc content and increase of a malondialdehyde level in the brain.

[Chronic alcoholic intoxication and the trace element composition of the hair]. / Khronicheskaia alkogol'naia intoksikatsiia i mikroélementnyi sostav volos.

Chronic alcoholic intoxication was found to result in changes in trace elemental structure of human hair and mongrel white rat hair. Reliable increase of iron, zinc, copper and manganese in hair of alcoholic patients and tendency to increase iron content in rat hair were detected.

[A decrease in the acute toxicity of ethanol produced by zinc sulfate]. / Snizhenie ostroi toksichnosti étanola sul'fatom tsinka.

It was shown that zinc sulphate injection during the acute alcohol intoxication resulted in the decrease of anaesthetic and toxic effects of ethanol. The most effective dose was 15 mkg/kg i.p. The possible mechanisms are discussed.

[The content of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and phosphorus of the hair in patients with alcoholism]. / Soderzhanie kal'tsiia, magniia, natriia, kaliia i fosfora v volosakh bo'lnykh alkogolizmom.

Plasma spectrometric studies have revealed increased levels of Ca, P, and Na in the hair of alcoholics. K content decreases after a prolonged alcohol abuse, Mg level remains virtually unchanged in all the cases.