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1.
Nat Microbiol ; 9(6): 1593-1606, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38637722

RESUMO

Metabolic disease is epidemiologically linked to severe complications upon influenza virus infection, thus vaccination is a priority in this high-risk population. Yet, vaccine responses are less effective in these same hosts. Here we examined how the timing of diet switching from a high-fat diet to a control diet affected influenza vaccine efficacy in diet-induced obese mice. Our results demonstrate that the systemic meta-inflammation generated by high-fat diet exposure limited T cell maturation to the memory compartment at the time of vaccination, impacting the recall of effector memory T cells upon viral challenge. This was not improved with a diet switch post-vaccination. However, the metabolic dysfunction of T cells was reversed if weight loss occurred 4 weeks before vaccination, restoring a functional recall response. This corresponded with changes in the systemic obesity-related biomarkers leptin and adiponectin, highlighting the systemic and specific effects of diet on influenza vaccine immunogenicity.


Assuntos
Dieta Hiperlipídica , Vacinas contra Influenza , Obesidade , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae , Animais , Camundongos , Vacinas contra Influenza/imunologia , Vacinas contra Influenza/administração & dosagem , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Obesidade/imunologia , Obesidade/metabolismo , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/imunologia , Infecções por Orthomyxoviridae/prevenção & controle , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Vacinação , Camundongos Obesos , Leptina/metabolismo , Masculino , Feminino , Adiponectina/metabolismo , Linfócitos T/imunologia
2.
Water Res X ; 21: 100192, 2023 Dec 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37693826

RESUMO

The water sector could play a major role towards a Net Zero greenhouse gas (GHG) future if Scope 3 emissions were embraced and operationalised. Significant opportunities and challenges exist in tackling Scope 3 emissions including those associated with customer hot water use. Present GHG emission reduction practices predominantly focus on Scope 1 "within utility" and Scope 2 "purchased energy" emissions. In the urban water cycle, Scope 3 "indirect" emissions dominate, and water use is only one example of Scope 3 emissions. Over 90% of all water cycle GHG emissions can be attributed to water use in residential, industrial and commercial premises, collectively some 7% of global GHG emissions. One possibility is for water utilities to actively support efficient hot water use such as new ultra-low flow shower heads. Scope 3 opportunities also offer a range of cost-effective emissions-reduction opportunities, particularly when the wider perspective of "community value" is considered and not just a "business financial perspective". Hot water efficiency is additionally essential to Net Zero carbon futures, even with decarbonised grids, because most major Net Zero roadmaps require energy efficiency gains. Scientific and management advance needed includes: accounting methodologies, clear roles, collaboration, new business models, and clear definitions. The water sector has the opportunity to play a significant role in achieving Net Zero cities. The decision how much is yet to be made.

3.
J Nutr ; 153(6): 1668-1679, 2023 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36990182

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Living in low-income countries often restricts the consumption of adequate protein and animal protein. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the effects of feeding low-protein diets on growth and liver health using proteins recovered from animal processing. METHODS: Female Sprague-Dawley rats (aged 28 d) were randomly assigned (n = 8 rats/group) to be fed standard purified diets with 0% or 10% kcal protein that was comprised of either carp, whey, or casein. RESULTS: Rats that were fed low-protein diets showed higher growth but developed mild hepatic steatosis compared to rats that were fed a no-protein diet, regardless of the protein source. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reactions targeting the expression of genes involved in liver lipid homeostasis were not significantly different among groups. Global RNA-sequencing technology identified 9 differentially expressed genes linked to folate-mediated 1-carbon metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and metabolic diseases. Canonical pathway analysis revealed that mechanisms differed depending on the protein source. ER stress and dysregulated energy metabolism were implicated in hepatic steatosis in carp- and whey-fed rats. In contrast, impaired liver one-carbon methylations, lipoprotein assembly, and lipid export were implicated in casein-fed rats. CONCLUSIONS: Carp sarcoplasmic protein showed comparable results to commercially available casein and whey protein. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms in hepatic steatosis development can assist formulation of proteins recovered from food processing into a sustainable source of high-quality protein.


Assuntos
Caseínas , Fígado Gorduroso , Ratos , Feminino , Animais , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Dieta com Restrição de Proteínas , Fígado Gorduroso/etiologia , Proteínas do Soro do Leite , Lipídeos
4.
Nutr Neurosci ; 26(4): 332-344, 2023 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35296223

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Apple pomace, a waste byproduct of apple processing, is rich in nutrients (e.g. polyphenols and soluble fiber) with the potential to be neuroprotective. The aim of this study was to employ RNA-sequencing (RNASeq) technology to investigate diet-gene interactions in the hypothalamus of rats after feeding a Western diet calorically substituted with apple pomace. METHODS: Adolescent (age 21-29 days) female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned (n = 8 rats/group) to consume either a purified standard diet, Western (WE) diet, or Western diet calorically substituted with 10% apple pomace (WE/AP) for 8 weeks. RNA-seq was performed (n = 5 rats/group) to determine global differentially expressed genes in the hypothalamus. RESULTS: RNA-seq results comparing rats fed WE to WE/AP revealed 15 differentially expressed genes in the hypothalamus. Caloric substitution of WE diet with 10% apple pomace downregulated (q < 0.06) five genes implicated in brain aging and neurodegenerative disorders: synuclein alpha, phospholipase D family member 5, NADH dehydrogenase Fe-S protein 6, choline O-acetyltransferase, and frizzled class receptor 6. DISCUSSION: Altered gene expression of these five genes suggests that apple pomace ameliorated synthesis of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine, in rats fed a WE diet. Apple pomace, a rich source of antioxidant polyphenols and soluble fiber, has been shown to reverse nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Diet-induced NAFLD decreases hepatic de novo synthesis of choline, a precursor to acetylcholine. Based on preclinical evidence, apple pomace has the potential to be a sustainable functional food for maintaining brain function and for reducing the risk of neurodegeneration.


Assuntos
Malus , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Ratos , Feminino , Animais , Dieta Ocidental/efeitos adversos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Acetilcolina , Polifenóis/farmacologia , RNA
5.
J Infect ; 86(1): 1-8, 2023 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36400155

RESUMO

Haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients have deficiencies in their adaptive immunity against vaccine preventable diseases. National and International guidance recommends that HSCT recipients are considered 'never vaccinated' and offered a comprehensive course of revaccination. This position statement aims to draw upon the current evidence base and existing guidelines, and align this with national vaccine availability and licensing considerations in order to recommend a pragmatic and standardised re-vaccination schedule for adult and paediatric HSCT recipients in the UK.


Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Leucemia , Adulto , Criança , Humanos , Medula Óssea , Transplantados , Vacinação , Vacinas
6.
Endocr Connect ; 11(9)2022 Sep 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35900792

RESUMO

Many long-term childhood cancer survivors suffer from treatment-related late effects, which may occur in any organ and include a wide spectrum of conditions. Long-term follow-up (LTFU) is recommended to facilitate early diagnosis and to ensure better health outcomes. Due to the heterogeneity of these sequelae, different specialists work together in the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions. Experts from both pediatric and internal medicine are involved in age-appropriate care by providing a transition process. Hence, LTFU of childhood cancer survivors is a prototypic example of multidisciplinary care for patients with complex needs treated in a specialized setting. International collaborations of healthcare professionals and scientists involved in LTFU of childhood cancer survivors, such as the International Guideline Harmonization Group, compile surveillance recommendations that can be clinically adopted all over the world. These global networks of clinicians and researchers make a joint effort to address gaps in knowledge, increase visibility and awareness of cancer survivorship and provide an excellent example of how progress in clinical care and scientific research may be achieved by international and multidisciplinary collaboration.

7.
Nutr Rev ; 80(3): 503-512, 2022 02 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33969426

RESUMO

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease, the two most prevalent liver diseases worldwide, share a common pathology but have largely been considered disparate diseases. Liver diseases are widely underestimated, but their prevalence is increasing worldwide. The Western diet (high-fat, high-sugar) and binge drinking (rapid consumption of alcohol in a short period of time) are two highly prevalent features of standard life in the United States, and both are linked to the development and progression of liver disease. Yet, few studies have been conducted to elucidate their potential interactions. Data shows binge drinking is on the rise in several age groups, and poor dietary trends continue to be prevalent. This review serves to summarize the sparse findings on the hepatic consequences of the combination of binge drinking and consuming a Western diet, while also drawing conclusions on potential future impacts. The data suggest the potential for a looming liver disease epidemic, indicating that more research on its progression as well as its prevention is needed on this critical topic.


Assuntos
Consumo Excessivo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Dieta Ocidental , Hepatopatias Alcoólicas , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Consumo Excessivo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/complicações , Consumo Excessivo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/patologia , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Dieta Ocidental/efeitos adversos , Progressão da Doença , Etanol/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Fígado/patologia , Hepatopatias Alcoólicas/epidemiologia , Hepatopatias Alcoólicas/etiologia , Hepatopatias Alcoólicas/prevenção & controle , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/epidemiologia , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/etiologia , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/prevenção & controle
8.
J Food Sci ; 85(8): 2544-2553, 2020 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32632919

RESUMO

Consisting of 25 to 30% of protein in carp, water-soluble sarcoplasmic proteins lost in wash water, have been recovered and freeze-dried into a protein-rich powder. Study objectives were to evaluate protein quality and safety of a silver carp sarcoplasm derived protein powder (CSP) compared to commercial protein supplements, casein, and whey. In vivo protein quality assessment of CSP showed a lower (P < 0.05) protein digestibility corrected amino acid score compared to the commercial protein sources. Despite greater (P < 0.05) fecal amino acid excretion in casein-fed rats, there were no significant differences in liver and muscle amino acid profiles. All low (10% kcal) protein diets supported growth with the normal range. However, whey protein supplementation resulted in greater (P < 0.05) adiposity. CSP, casein, or whey-fed rats showed no differences in major organ weights, renal damage biomarkers, or bone indices. Collectively, results indicated CSP was safe with protein quality comparable to casein. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: As much as 40 percent of protein in fish can be lost due to sarcoplasmic protein solubilization in processing wash water. Silver carp sarcoplasm protein powder may have similar commercial potential as a sustainable and nutritious alternative to whey and casein proteins. This project aimed to verify the protein quality and safety of this economical protein source.


Assuntos
Carpas , Proteínas Alimentares/análise , Proteínas de Peixes/análise , Aminoácidos/análise , Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Animais , Caseínas/análise , Caseínas/metabolismo , Proteínas Alimentares/metabolismo , Feminino , Proteínas de Peixes/metabolismo , Músculos/química , Controle de Qualidade , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Proteínas do Soro do Leite/análise , Proteínas do Soro do Leite/metabolismo
9.
Nutr Rev ; 76(12): 893-909, 2018 12 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30085116

RESUMO

Apple processing results in peel, stem, seeds, and pulp being left as a waste product known as apple pomace. This review comprehensively assessed apple pomace composition for nutritional value and bioactive substances and evaluated potential health benefits and safety. Apple pomace is a rich source of health-benefitting nutrients, including minerals, dietary fiber, antioxidants, and ursolic acid, which suggests it has potential use as a dietary supplement, functional food, and/or food additive. Preclinical studies have found apple pomace and its isolated extracts improved lipid metabolism, antioxidant status, and gastrointestinal function and had a positive effect on metabolic disorders (eg, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, etc.). Safety studies have shown apple pomace to be a safe livestock feed additive and to have pesticide concentrations within safety thresholds established for human consumption. Commercial development of apple pomace for human consumption requires more research focusing on standardized methods of nutrient reporting, mechanistic studies, and human clinical trials.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Fibras na Dieta/farmacologia , Suplementos Nutricionais , Frutas/química , Malus/química , Minerais/farmacologia , Triterpenos/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/análise , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Fibras na Dieta/análise , Digestão/efeitos dos fármacos , Indústria Alimentícia , Alimento Funcional , Humanos , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Doenças Metabólicas/tratamento farmacológico , Minerais/análise , Valor Nutritivo , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Sementes/química , Triterpenos/análise , Ácido Ursólico
10.
J Environ Qual ; 47(4): 617-624, 2018 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30025046

RESUMO

Managing cropping systems to sequester soil organic C (SOC) improves soil health and resilience to changing climate. Perennial crops, no-till planting, manure, and cover crops can add SOC; however, their impacts have not been well documented in the northeastern United States. Our objectives were (i) to monitor SOC from a bioenergy cropping study in Pennsylvania that included a corn ( L.)-soybean [ (L.) Merr.]-alfalfa ( L.) rotation, switchgrass ( L.), and reed canarygrass ( L.); (ii) to use the CQESTR model to predict SOC sequestration in the bioenergy crops (with and without projected climate change); and (iii) to use CQESTR to simulate influence of tillage, manure, cover cropping, and corn stover removal in typical dairy forage (silage corn-alfalfa) or grain corn-soybean rotations. Over 8 yr, measured SOC increased 0.4, 1.1, and 0.8 Mg C ha yr in the bioenergy rotation, reed canarygrass, and switchgrass, respectively. Simulated and measured data were significantly correlated ( < 0.001) at all depths. Predicted sequestration (8-14 Mg C ha over 40 yr) in dairy forage rotations was much larger than with corn-soybean rotations (-4.0-0.6 Mg C ha over 40 yr), due to multiple years of perennial alfalfa. No-till increased sequestration in the simulated dairy forage rotation and prevented a net loss of C in corn-soybean rotations. Simulations indicated limited impact of cover crops and manure on long-term SOC sequestration. The low solids content of liquid dairy manure is the likely reason for the less-than-expected impact of manure. Overall, simulations suggest that inclusion of alfalfa provides the greatest potential for SOC sequestration with a typical Pennsylvania crop rotation.


Assuntos
Sequestro de Carbono , Produtos Agrícolas , Solo/química , Agricultura , Carbono , Pennsylvania , Zea mays
11.
Vaccine ; 36(23): 3254-3259, 2018 05 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29709446

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: With increased school-based vaccinations for improved coverage rates and practicality, the World Health Organization (WHO) recently endorsed research to identify possible interventions to reduce vaccine-related pain in mass clinical and school-based settings. In particular, the lack of research in adolescents indicate a particular need in this population. Acute exercise has analgesic effects and has been used as a behavioural adjuvant to vaccination. Here, we examine the effect of exercise on vaccine-related pain, anxiety and fear in adolescents, during a school-based program for HPV vaccinations. METHODS: 116 students (Female: 61, Male: 55) aged 11-13 years were randomly allocated to either an Exercise (n = 60) or Control (n = 56) group. All participants completed demographic and Trait-anxiety questionnaires prior to receiving the vaccine according to usual care. The Exercise group also performed upper body exercise for 15 min prior to receiving the vaccine. Immediately after the vaccine administration, all participants reported on pain, anxiety and fear at the time of receiving the vaccine. RESULTS: Female adolescents in the Exercise group reported significantly less pain (3.64; 95% CI, 2.98-4.30) than Controls (4.58; 95% CI, 3.96-5.19; p = 0.04). Further, females reported greater pain and anxiety than males in the Control group but not the Exercise group. CONCLUSION: This study supports the use of exercise prior to vaccine administration, especially in female adolescents who are particularly vulnerable to negative experiences during vaccination procedures. Furthermore, the ease of application, as well as the benefit of exercise, provides support for the use of simple exercise prior to vaccination in mass vaccination settings. Clinical trial registry: ANZCTR, ACTRN12614001185651.


Assuntos
Ansiedade/etiologia , Exercício Físico , Vacinas contra Papillomavirus/efeitos adversos , Vacinação/psicologia , Criança , Medo/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Programas de Imunização , Masculino , Dor/induzido quimicamente , Instituições Acadêmicas
12.
Clin Immunol ; 193: 33-37, 2018 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29395846

RESUMO

Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) complicates allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and is treated with topical and/or systemic corticosteroids. Systemic corticosteroids and aGVHD damage thymic tissue. We compared thymopoietic effect of topical steroid therapy, corticosteroids and extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) in 102 pediatric allogeneic HSCT patients. We categorized patients into 4 groups: - no aGVHD, aGVHD treated with topical or systemic steroid, or ECP. Naïve CD4+CD45RA+CD27+ T-lymphocyte values at 3, 6, 9, 12months post-HSCT were recorded: for ECP patients, values were recorded at 3, 6, 9, 12months during ECP. Differences were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. 41 patients had no aGVHD, 23 had aGVHD treated topically or systemically (25), 13 received ECP. Rate of thymopoiesis was significantly different between all groups at all time-points post-transplant (p=0.002, p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.001 respectively). Even mild aGVHD impairs thymopoiesis. Worst recovery was in ECP patients. Earlier institution of ECP may speed thymic recovery.


Assuntos
Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/imunologia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Timo/imunologia , Doença Aguda , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/tratamento farmacológico , Hematopoese , Humanos , Lactente , Antígenos Comuns de Leucócito/metabolismo , Masculino , Fotoferese , Estudos Retrospectivos , Transplante Homólogo , Membro 7 da Superfamília de Receptores de Fatores de Necrose Tumoral/metabolismo
13.
Cancer Treat Rev ; 63: 28-39, 2018 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29202445

RESUMO

Radiation exposure to the thyroid gland during treatment of childhood, adolescent and young adult cancer (CAYAC) may cause differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Surveillance recommendations for DTC vary considerably, causing uncertainty about optimum screening practices. The International Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Guideline Harmonization Group, in collaboration with the PanCareSurFup Consortium, developed consensus recommendations for thyroid cancer surveillance in CAYAC survivors. These recommendations were developed by an international multidisciplinary panel that included 33 experts in relevant medical specialties who used a consistent and transparent process. Recommendations were graded according to the strength of underlying evidence and potential benefit gained by early detection and appropriate management. Of the two available surveillance strategies, thyroid ultrasound and neck palpation, neither was shown to be superior. Consequently, a decision aid was formulated to guide the health care provider in counseling the survivor. The recommendations highlight the need for shared decision making regarding whether to undergo surveillance for DTC and in the choice of surveillance modality.


Assuntos
Neoplasias/radioterapia , Exposição à Radiação/efeitos adversos , Glândula Tireoide/efeitos da radiação , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/etiologia , Detecção Precoce de Câncer/métodos , Humanos , Sobreviventes
14.
Med Sci Sports Exerc ; 50(5): 957-966, 2018 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29271845

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The present study examined the effect of unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) on peripheral microvessel function in healthy and metabolic syndrome (MetS) rodents and whether exercise training could prevent the vascular dysfunction associated with UCMS. METHODS: Lean and obese (model of MetS) Zucker rats (LZR and OZR) were exposed to 8 wk of UCMS, exercise (Ex), UCMS + Ex, or control conditions. At the end of the intervention, gracilis arterioles (GA) were isolated and hung in a pressurized myobath to assess endothelium-dependent (EDD) and endothelium-independent (EID) dilation. Levels of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured through 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein diacetate and dihydroethidium staining, respectively. RESULTS: Compared with LZR controls, EDD and EID were lower (P = 0.0001) in LZR-UCMS. The OZR-Ex group had a higher EDD (P = 0.0001) and EID (P = 0.003) compared with OZR controls, whereas only a difference in EDD (P = 0.01) was noted between the LZR-control and LZR-Ex groups. Importantly, EDD and EID were higher in the LZR (P = 0.0001; P = 0.02) and OZR (P = 0.0001; P = 0.02) UCMS + Ex groups compared with UCMS alone. Lower NO bioavailability and higher ROS were noted in the LZR-UCMS group (P = 0.0001), but not OZR-UCMS, compared with controls. The Ex and UCMS-Ex groups had higher NO bioavailability (P = 0.0001) compared with the control and UCMS groups, but ROS levels remained high. CONCLUSIONS: The comorbidity between UCMS and MetS does not exacerbate the effects of one another on GA EDD responses, but does lead to the development of other vasculopathy adaptations, which can be partially explained by alterations in NO and ROS production. Importantly, exercise training alleviates most of the negative effects of UCMS on GA function.


Assuntos
Síndrome Metabólica/fisiopatologia , Microvasos/fisiopatologia , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Estresse Fisiológico , Doenças Vasculares/fisiopatologia , Remodelação Vascular , Adaptação Fisiológica , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Masculino , Síndrome Metabólica/complicações , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Ratos Zucker , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Doenças Vasculares/complicações
17.
Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can ; 36(11): 243-251, 2016 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês, Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27882859

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this paper is to describe the trends and patterns of self-inflicted injuries, available from Canadian administrative data between 1979 and 2014/15, in order to inform and improve suicide prevention efforts. METHODS: Suicide mortality and hospital separation data were retrieved from the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) holdings of Statistics Canada's Canadian Vital Statistics: Death Database (CVS:D) (1979 to 2012); Canadian Socio-Economic Information Management System (CANSIM 2011, 2012); the Hospital Morbidity Database (HMDB) (1994/95 to 2010/11); and the Discharge Abstract Database (2011/12 to 2014/15). Mortality and hospitalization counts and rates were reported by sex, 5-year age groups and method. RESULTS: The Canadian suicide rate (males and females combined, all ages, age-sex standardized rate) has decreased from 14.4/100 000 (n = 3355) in 1979 to 10.4/100 000 (n = 3926) in 2012, with an annual percent change (APC) of -1.2% (95% CI: -1.3 to -1.0). However, this trend was not observed in both sexes: female suicide rates stabilized around 1990, while male rates continued declining over time-yet males still accounted for 75.7% of all suicides in 2012. Suffocation (hanging and strangulation) was the primary method of suicide (46.9%) among Canadians of all ages in 2012, followed by poisoning at 23.3%. In the 2014/15 fiscal year, there were 13 438 hospitalizations in Canada (excluding Quebec) associated with self-inflicted injuries-over 3 times the number of suicides. Over time females have displayed consistently higher rates of hospitalization for self-inflicted injury than males, with 63% of the total. Poisoning was reported as the most frequent means of self-inflicted harm in the fiscal year 2014/15, at 86% of all hospitalizations. CONCLUSION: Suicides and self-inflicted injuries continue to be a serious - but preventable - public health problem that requires ongoing surveillance.


INTRODUCTION: Cette étude a pour objet de décrire, à l'aide de données administratives canadiennes, les tendances et les caractéristiques des blessures auto-infligées entre 1979 et 2014-2015, afin d'orienter et d'améliorer les mesures de prévention du suicide. RÉSULTATS: Le taux de suicide au Canada (hommes et femmes confondus, tous âges, et taux normalisé selon l'âge et le sexe) a diminué, passant de 14,4/100 000 (n = 3 355) en 1979 à 10,4/100 000 (n = 3 926) en 2012, soit une variation annuelle en pourcentage (VAP) de ­1,2 % (IC à 95 % : ­1,3 à ­1,0). Cependant, cette tendance n'a pas été observée chez les deux sexes : chez les femmes, les taux de suicide se sont stabilisés vers les années 1990, tandis que chez les hommes, ils ont continué de décliner au fil du temps ­ malgré le fait que les suicides chez les hommes constituent toujours 75,7 % de tous les suicides en 2012. La suffocation (pendaison et strangulation) était en 2012 la principale méthode de suicide (46,9 %) chez les Canadiens de tous âges, suivie de l'intoxication (23,3 %).Au cours de l'exercice 2014-2015, il y a eu 13 438 hospitalisations au Canada (à l'exclusion du Québec) associées à des blessures auto-infligées ­ ce qui représente plus de trois fois le nombre de suicides. Au fil du temps, les femmes ont systématiquement présenté des taux d'hospitalisation plus élevés pour des blessures auto-infligées que les hommes, soit 63 % du total. L'intoxication a été la méthode la plus fréquemment déclarée de préjudice autoinfligé au cours de l'exercice 2014-2015, constituant 86 % de toutes les hospitalisations. CONCLUSION: Les suicides et les blessures auto-infligées demeurent un problème de santé publique grave ­ mais évitable ­ qui exige une surveillance constante.


Assuntos
Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Intoxicação/epidemiologia , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/epidemiologia , Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Asfixia/epidemiologia , Canadá/epidemiologia , Criança , Bases de Dados Factuais , Feminino , Hospitalização/tendências , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/complicações , Fatores Sexuais , Adulto Jovem
18.
Osteoarthritis Cartilage ; 24(11): 1940-1950, 2016 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27374878

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: There is increasing evidence that joint shape is a potent predictor of osteoarthritis (OA) risk; yet the cellular events underpinning joint morphogenesis remain unclear. We sought to develop a genetically tractable animal model to study the events controlling joint morphogenesis. DESIGN: Zebrafish larvae were subjected to periods of flaccid paralysis, rigid paralysis or hyperactivity. Immunohistochemistry and transgenic reporters were used to monitor changes to muscle and cartilage. Finite Element Models were generated to investigate the mechanical conditions of rigid paralysis. Principal component analysis was used to test variations in skeletal morphology and metrics for shape, orientation and size were applied to describe cell behaviour. RESULTS: We show that flaccid and rigid paralysis and hypermobility affect cartilage element and joint shape. We describe differences between flaccid and rigid paralysis in regions showing high principal strain upon muscle contraction. We identify that altered shape and high strain occur in regions of cell differentiation and we show statistically significant changes to cell maturity occur in these regions in paralysed and hypermobile zebrafish. CONCLUSION: While flaccid and rigid paralysis and hypermobility affect skeletal morphogenesis they do so in subtly different ways. We show that some cartilage regions are unaffected in conditions such as rigid paralysis where static force is applied, whereas joint morphogenesis is perturbed by both flaccid and rigid paralysis; suggesting that joints require dynamic movement for accurate morphogenesis. A better understanding of how biomechanics impacts skeletal cell behaviour will improve our understanding of how foetal mechanics shape the developing joint.


Assuntos
Movimento , Animais , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Osso e Ossos , Cartilagem , Morfogênese , Contração Muscular
19.
Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can ; 36(6): 112-7, 2016 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês, Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27284703

RESUMO

This status report on the Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program (CHIRPP), an emergency department-based injury and poisoning surveillance system, describes the result of migrating from a centralized data entry and coding process to a decentralized process, the web-based eCHIRPP system, in 2011. This secure system is improving the CHIRPP's overall flexibility and timeliness, which are key attributes of an effective surveillance system. The integrated eCHIRPP platform enables near real-time data entry and access, has user-friendly data management and analysis tools, and allows for easier communication and connectivity across the CHIRPP network through an online collaboration centre. Current pilot testing of automated data monitoring and trend analysis tools-designed to monitor and flag incoming data according to predefined criteria (for example, a new consumer product)-is revealing eCHIRPP's potential for providing early warnings of new hazards, issues and trends.


RÉSUMÉ: Ce rapport d'étape sur le Système canadien hospitalier d'information et de recherche en prévention des traumatismes (SCHIRPT), un système de surveillance des blessures et des empoisonnements utilisé par les services d'urgence, décrit le résultat de la migration d'un processus d'entrée et de codage des données centralisé vers le processus décentralisé de l'eSCHIRPT, réalisée en 2011. Ce système sécurisé accroît la souplesse et la rapidité globales du SCHIRPT, attributs clés d'un système de surveillance efficace. La plate-forme intégrée de l'eSCHIRPT permet une entrée de données et un accès aux données en temps quasi réel, comprend des outils conviviaux de gestion et d'analyse des données et facilite la communication et la connectivité au sein du réseau du SCHIRPT grâce à un centre de collaboration en ligne. L'essai pilote mené actuellement sur les outils automatisés de contrôle de données et d'analyse des tendances ­ destinés à surveiller et à mettre en évidence les données d'entrée à partir de critères prédéfinis (par exemple un nouveau produit de consommation) ­ révèle le potentiel de détection rapide des nouveaux dangers, enjeux et tendances que possède l'eSCHIRPT.


Assuntos
Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Segurança do Paciente , Vigilância em Saúde Pública , Gestão de Riscos , Ferimentos e Lesões/prevenção & controle , Canadá/epidemiologia , Humanos , Ferimentos e Lesões/epidemiologia
20.
Bone Marrow Transplant ; 51(11): 1482-1489, 2016 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27348540

RESUMO

Younger children are considered to be more vulnerable to late effects (LE), which prompted us to study LE in patients after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for a haematological malignancy before the age of 3. In this multicentre EBMT study, cumulative incidence (CI) and severity of endocrine LE, central nervous system complications and secondary malignancies at 5, 10, 15 and 20 years of follow-up were assessed. Risk factors (RF) like gender, diagnosis, age at and year of HSCT, TBI- or chemo-conditioning and GVHD were analysed. CI of any LE was 0.30, 0.52, 0.66 and 0.72 at 5, 10, 15 and 20 years after HSCT, respectively. In 25% of the patients, LE were severe at a median follow-up of 10.4 years. In multivariate analysis, only TBI was a RF for having any LE and for thyroid dysfunction and growth disturbance. Female gender was a RF for delayed pubertal development. Some more insight could be gained by descriptive analysis regarding the role of TBI and GVHD on the severity of LE. Although only five selected LE have been studied and median follow-up is relatively short, the incidence and severity of these LE are considerable but not different from what has been found in older children and TBI is the main RF.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Hematológicas/terapia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversos , Irradiação Corporal Total/efeitos adversos , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro , Neoplasias Hematológicas/complicações , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/métodos , Humanos , Incidência , Lactente , Masculino , Sistema de Registros , Fatores de Risco , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores de Tempo , Transplante Homólogo
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