Método de elementos finitos aplicado à Implantodontia / Applicability of finite element methods in Implantology

Um fator-chave para a previsibilidade dos protocolos de utilização de implantes é o desenvolvimento de designs de implantes, conexões protéticas e materiais de próteses que sejam capazes de promover estabilidade sob as cargas mastigatórias regulares. Entretanto, o elaborado design dos implantes e sua relação com os tecidos de suporte e as restaurações protéticas impedem o uso de fórmulas analíticas simples para avaliação dos efeitos de cargas externas sob as tensões internas e deslocamentos. Nestes tipos de análises, o método em elementos finitos (MEF) tem proporcionado informações valiosas, a um custo operacional e investimento de tempo relativamente baixos. Na Implantodontia, a análise em elementos finitos (AEF) tem sido aplicada para prever o comportamento biomecânico de diversos designs de implantes, cenários clínicos e designs de próteses. Estas informações podem ser posteriormente aplicadas na otimização de designs de implantes em função dos parâmetros biomecânicos benéficos ao osso peri-implantar. Neste sentido, considerando especialmente as recentes mudanças nos protocolos clínicos de uso dos implantes, AEF individualizadas ou com modelagens complexas e detalhadas podem contribuir na tomada de decisões clínicas mais precisas, minimizando os riscos de falha dos tratamentos...

A key factor for the predictability and long-term success of implant treatment is the development of implants and prosthesis designs providing sufficient biomechanical stability, under masticatory standard loading. However, the intricate design of the implants and their relationship with the supporting tissues and prosthetic restoration prevent the use of simple analytical formulas for the evaluation of the effect of external loading on the internal stresses and displacements. In these analysis types, the fi nite element method has provided valuable data, for a relatively low operational cost and time investment. In Implantology, FEA has been applied to predict the biomechanical behavior of various implant designs, clinical scenarios and prosthesis designs. This information may be further applied in the optimization of implant designs as a function of the biomechanical parameters beneficial to the peri-implant bone. In this way, especially considering the recent changes in osseointegrated implant usage clinical protocols, individualized FEA can contribute to more accurate treatment decisions, diminishing the risks of implant failure...

Influence of implant connection type on the biomechanical environment of immediately placed implants - CT-based nonlinear, three-dimensional finite element analysis.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the biomechanical environment of immediately placed implants, before and after osseointegration, by comparing three different implant-abutment connection types. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A computer tomography-based finite element model of an upper central incisor extraction socket was constructed containing implants with either external hex, internal hex, or Morse-taper connection. Frictional contact elements were used in the bone, implant, abutment, and abutment screw interfaces in the immediately placed simulations. In osseointegrated simulations, the repair of bone alveolar defect and a glued bone-to-implant interface were assumed. By analysis of variance, the influence was assessed of connection type, clinical situation, and loading magnitude on the peak equivalent strain in the bone, peak von Mises stress in the abutment screw, bone-to-implant relative displacement, and abutment gap. RESULTS: The loading magnitudes had a significant contribution, regardless of the assessed variable. However, the critical clinical situation of an immediately placed implant itself was the main factor affecting the peak equivalent strain in the bone and bone-to-implant displacement. The largest influence of the connection type in this protocol was seen on the peak equivalent stress in the abutment screw. On the other hand, a higher influence of the various connection types on bone stress/strain could be noted in osseointegrated simulations. CONCLUSIONS: The implant-abutment connection design did not significantly influence the biomechanical environment of immediately placed implants. Avoiding implant overloading and ensuring a sufficient initial intraosseous stability are the most relevant parameters for the promotion of a safe biomechanical environment in this protocol.

Influência do desenho do implante na micromovimentação de implantes imediatos com carga imediata: análise multivariada em elementos finitos / Influence of implant design on the micromovement of immediately placed and loaded implants: a multivariate finite element analysis

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do desenho do implante nas micromovimentações de implantes imediatos com carga imediata. Modelos em elementos finitos de um alvéolo de extração de um incisivo central superior e quatro desenhos de implantes de conexão interna, disponíveis comercialmente (SIN SW®, 3i Certain®, Nobel ReplaceTM e RN synOcta® ITI Standard), com diâmetros e comprimentos semelhantes foram construídos. Cargas de 50, 100 e 200 N foram aplicadas sobre os implantes. ANOVA com nível de 95% de significância foi utilizada para avaliar os dados da micromovimentação dos implantes. O design do implante influencia significativamente (31,21%) a micromovimentação de implantes imediatos com carga imediata. Não obstante, a intensidade da carga aplicada (68,80%) é o fator mais importante na estabilidade dos implantes neste protocolo.

The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the influence of different implant designs on the micromovements of immediately placed implants. CT-based finite element models comprising an upper central incisor socket and four commercially available internal connection implant designs (SIN SW®, 3i Certain®, Nobel ReplaceTM, and RN synOcta® ITI Standard) of comparable diameter and length were constructed. 50, 100 and 200N magnitude loads were applied over the implant. ANOVA at 95% level of significance was used to evaluate bone to implant relative displacement (micromovements). The implant design (68,80%) greatly influences the micromovement of immediately placed implants. However, the loading magnitude (68,80%) is the most important factor regarding the implant stability in this protocol.

Avaliação biomecânica de implantes imediatos com carga imediata: análise 3D em elementos finitos / Biomechanical evaluation of immediately placed implants: CT-based 3D finite element analysis

Objetivo: o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o ambiente biomecânico de implantes imediatos com carga imediata, comparando 3 diferentes magnitudes de carga. Material e Métodos: um modelo em elementos finitos de um incisivo central superior contendo um implante cônico de 13 mm de comprimento e 4,5 mm de plataforma, hexágono interno, foi construído. Elementos de contato friccional foram utilizados para simular as interfaces entre o osso, implante, abutment e parafuso do abutment. Foram aplicadas forças de 50, 100 e 200 N na extremidade superior do abutment. Os dados para a deformação equivalente no osso, as tensões equivalentes no parafuso, deslocamento relativo osso-implante e gap do abutment foram calculados. Resultados/Conclusão: a magnitude das cargas aplicadas sobre os implantes imediatos com carga imediata influenciam significativamente o ambiente biomecânico deste protocolo.

Objective: the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the biomechanical environment of immediately placed implants, by comparing three different loading magnitudes. Material and Methods: a CT-based finite element model of an upper central incisor extraction socket was constructed containing a conical internal hex 13-mm implant. Frictional contact elements were used in the bone, implant, abutment and abutment screw interfaces. Forces of 50, 100 and 200 N were applied on the superior central region of the abutment. Data for the peak equivalent strain in the bone, peak Von Mises stress in the abutment screw, bone-to-implant relative displacement and abutment gap were calculated. Results/Conclusion: the loading magnitudes applied over the implants are capable to greatly influence the biomechanical environment in immediately placed protocol.