[Correlations between clinical features of bipolar affective disorder and serum concentrations of ANKRD12 gene product, coagulation factor XIII, and cadherin 5]. / Svyaz' kontsentratsii belka-produkta gena ANKRD12, XIII faktora koagulyatsii i kadgerina 5 v syvorotke krovi s klinicheskimi osobennostyami bipolyarnogo affektivnogo rasstroistva.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the serum concentrations of some proteins identified in the blood serum of patients with bipolar affective disorder (BD) and to evaluate the relationship of their concentrations with clinical characteristics of BD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Protein concentrations of cadherin 5, coagulation factor XIII and ANKRD12 gene product in the blood serum of patients with BD and healthy individuals were determined using commercial ELISA kits. The severity of current depression and the main clinical manifestations of BD were assessed by SIGH-SAD and CGI upon admission to the hospital before the prescription of therapy. Data analysis was carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS: Comparison between subgroups of BD patients, selected in accordance with the current affective episode (hypomanic, manic, depressive and mixed), and control group by the Kruskal-Wallis test has shown the significant difference in ANKRD12 protein product concentration (p=0.0448). When comparing pairwise each subgroup with the control group, the significant difference in ANKRD12 product concentration was found only in the case of a subgroup of BD patients with current depressive episode (Mann-Whitney test, p=0.006). Pairwise comparison of the ANKRD12 product concentrations in subgroups of BD patients with different disease duration (<5 years, 6-10 years, and >11 years) and in the control group by the Mann-Whitney test has revealed significant differences (p=0.04, p=0.01, p=0.02, respectively), the maximum protein concentration was found in patients with disease duration >11 years. Significant negative correlation of cadherin 5 concentration with the severity of atypical depressive symptoms assessed by SIGH-SAD (r=-0.69, p=0.038) and the decrease in cadherin 5 concentration in BD patients with greater severity of the current depressive episode were revealed. Significant negative correlation was found between factor XIII concentration and CGI scores (r=-0.62, p=0.032). CONCLUSION: The results indicate a possible link of the studied proteins with BD pathogenesis. Further study of these proteins may contribute to the development of new therapeutic and diagnostic techniques.

[Antibodies to native and denatured DNA in the serum of patients with schizophrenia depending on the clinical features of the disease].

OBJECTIVE: To study the correlations between the level of antibodies to native and denatured DNA and psychopathological symptoms and illness duration in patients with schizophrenia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The level of antibodies to native (double-stranded) DNA and denatured (single-stranded) DNA was studied in the serum of 50 patients with schizophrenia, including 12 patients with tardive dyskinesia (TD). The control group consisted of 30 people. RESULTS: A significant twofold increase in antibodies to native DNA was detected in patients with TD. There was no correlation of the amount of antibodies to double-stranded DNA with the duration of disease and leading symptoms both between the groups of patients as well as in comparison with controls. A significant decrease in antibody levels to the denatured (single-stranded) DNA was found in schizophrenic patients compared to the control group (p=0.009). A significant decrease in the concentration of antibodies to single-stranded DNA in patients with increasing duration of the disease, as well as in patients with leading negative symptoms was revealed. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that anti-DNAantibodies may not play a major role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.

Serum Glutathione in Patients with Schizophrenia in Dynamics of Antipsychotic Therapy.

Serum concentrations of oxidized and reduced glutathione were measured in 73 patients with schizophrenia at admission and in dynamics of therapy with traditional and atypical antipsychotic drugs. The level of reduced glutathione in patients with schizophrenia with manifest clinical symptoms was lower than in normal subjects. Atypical neuroleptics produced virtually no effects on the glutathione system, while therapy with typical antipsychotics led to further decrease in the levels of reduced glutathione, thus aggravating the imbalance of metabolic processes typical of schizophrenia.

[Lipid spectrum changes and ECG in patients with paranoid schizophrenia in the course of therapy with atypical antipsychotics].

OBJECTIVE: To study correlations between parameters of lipid metabolism and ECG in patients with schizophrenia in light of therapy with atypical antipsychotics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 42 patients with paranoid schizophrenia. All patients received atypical neuroleptics - seroquel, zyprexa, and rispolept. A group of controls included 25 healthy people. RESULTS: There was a significant increase (p=0.0002) in body mass (in average by 1.5 kg) in 88% patients. A significant increase in the concentration of serum triglycerides was identified as well. The concentration of VLDL in the patients with schizophrenia was 2 times higher compared to controls. After treatment, VLDL concentration increased even more considerably An increase in atherogenic index (AI) was up to 3.1 in patients with schizophrenia compared to 2.2 in controls. After treatment, Al increased up to 4 that demonstrated the high risk of development of atherosclerosis. A significant increase in QT interval in the ECG and heart rate (p=0.03) was revealed only in patients receiving rispolept. In patients receiving zyprexa and seroquel only heart rate was increased. CONCLUSION: The antipsychotics studied increase the risk of development of cardiovascular pathology.

[Characteristics of oxidative stress in mental maladaptation].

Changes in the balance of pro and antioxidant systems were studied in persons in state of mental maladaptation, developed under the influence of emotional stress. Activation of lipid peroxidation has been revealed associated with increase of amount of malondialdehyde in erythrocytes and blood serum in persons surveyed. Activity of catalase and glutathione peroxidase in erythrocytes in persons in state of mental stress was increased and glutathione preductase, glutathione-S-transferase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase has been reliably reduced as compared with group of healthy people. Comparative chemiluminiscent analysis of common antioxidant properties of serum of blood of studied groups has also revealed decrease of antioxidant properties of blood under influence of mental stress.

[State of antioxidant system in patients with multiple sclerosis during therapy].

Activity of erytrocyte glutationperoxidase (GP), glutationreductase (GR), glutationtransferase (GT), glucose-6-phosphatdehydrogenase (G6PDH), catalase and superoxiddysmutase (SOD), and also, the level of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant activity of blood serum were studied in patients with different types of multiple sclerosis. Investigation of peripherical blood was carried out on first day of treatment and after standard therapy of copaxone. All MS patients had high level of MDA and activity of GP in erythrocytes in comparison with a control group. Other antioxidant enzymes of erythrocytes and total antioxidant activity of blood serum exhibited weak positive dynamics in patients with a relapsing remittance of multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Decrease of activity of antioxidant system in patients with secondary progression multiple sclerosis (SPMS) was more pronounced and remained unchanged after the treatment. This is consistent with the more severe clinical course of thise disease.

[Changes in erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in premature newborns with intraventricular haemorrhages].

Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities have been studied in peripherical blood erythrocytes of 49 premature newborns at 28-37 weeks gestation. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities were lower in patients with bacterial infection of meninges. The standard therapy did not restore superoxide dismutase and catalase activities by the end of the neonatal period.

[The activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and the level of malonic dialdehyde in prematures with hypoxic disorders of the central nervous system]. / Aktivnost'superoksiddismutazy,glutationperoksidazy i uroven; malonovogo dial'degida u nedonoshennykh novorozhdennykh s gipoksicheskim porazheniem tsentral'noi nervnoi sistemy.

The activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and the level of malonic dialdehyde were studied 53 prematures with hypoxia of the central nervous system. A low activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, which depended on a prematurity degree and on a content of malonic dialdehyde in the erythrocyte cell membranes, was found. A higher level of malonic dialdehyde in erythrocyte membranes was shown to be an unfavorable prognostication factor for the development of intraventricular hemorrhages in prematures.

[Dependence of antioxidant enzyme activities on proliferative rate and tissue organization of Ehrlich's carcimoma]. / Zavisimost' aktivnosti antioksidantnykh fermantov ot vyrazhennosti protsessov proliferatsii i tipa tkanevoi organizatsii kartsinomy érlikha.

Antioxidant enzymes (AOE) may be considered as possible regulatory factors of tumor cell proliferation. Enzyme levels were examined in Ehrlich's carcinoma in ascitic and solid forms differed in proliferative rate. Antioxidant enzyme activities depended on cancer tissue organization. Studies of enzyme activities at different phases of tumor growth showed reduction of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione transferase activities at the logarithmic phase and an increase of the activities at the confluent phase. These data confirm the suggestion about a rise in intracellular content of oxygen radicals at logarithmic growth and possibility of active oxygen metabolite involvement in the regulation of cell proliferation.

[The choice of the method for the surgical treatment of bladder exstrophy]. / Vybor metoda operativnogo lecheniia ékstrofii mochevogo puzyria.

129 children with exstrophy of the bladder underwent primary surgical reconstruction according to G. A. Bairov. Morphofunctional findings in these children gave grounds for determination of three degrees of the bladder congenital defects. 39 patients had defect of the 1st degree, 53 of the 2nd and 37 of the 3d degree. The results of plastic reconstruction of the bladder with local tissue support the validity of such procedure only for patients with the congenital defect degree I. For degree II the benefit is relative. In degree III plastic surgery in contraindicated.

[Low activity of antioxidant enzymes in tumor cells as a factor of oxygen dependence of antitumor cytotoxicity of macrophages]. / Nizkaia aktivnost' antioksidantnykh fermentov v opukholevykh kletkakh kak faktor kislorodnoi zavisimosti protivoopukholevoi tsitotoksichnosti makrofagov.

The author studied dependence of cytotoxicity of peritoneal macrophages of Wistar rats on the production of active oxygen form (AOF) and activity of antioxidative enzymes in target cells. Low activity of glutathione-peroxidase and glutathione-reductase in K562 cells could be the cause of macrophage cytotoxicity realization along AOF-dependent way.

[High activity of antioxidant enzymes in a tumor as a factor of "avoidance of control" in the immune system]. / Vysokaia aktivnost' antioksidantnykh fermentov v opukholi kak faktor "izbeganiia kontrolia" immunnoi sistemy.

The enzymes that utilize H2O2 and lipoperoxides as well as the enzymes of the bioregeneration system glutathione and NADP+ have been examined for activity in the superficial and deep regions of DMBA-induced rat fibrosarcoma and the adjoining skeletal muscle. The activities shown by catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, and glucoso-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were 2-3 times higher and reduced glutathione levels were lower in the superficial than in deep areas. The high antioxidant potential of the tumor superficial areas is proposed to be due to the oxygen-dependent mechanisms by which macrophages and neutrophils select tumor cell clones by the given sign.

[A spectrophotometric micromethod for the study of theophylline pharmacokinetics in children with bronchial asthma]. / Issledovanie spektrofotometricheskim mikrometodom farmakokinetiki teofillina u detei s bronkhial'noi astmoi.

A spectrophotometric micromethod for determination of theophylline in the blood is proposed. Theophylline pharmacokinetics was studied by the method in 71 children with bronchial asthma. Doses and the number of administrations were selected individually for 45 patients under control of blood plasma theophylline concentration. Good clinical results were obtained.

[Pathophysiological significance of the determination ofthe glucocorticoid concentration in bronchial secretions in children with bronchopulmonary diseases]. / Patofiziologicheskoe znachenie opredeleniia kontsentratsii gliukokortikoidov v bronkhial'nom sekrete pri bronkholegochnykh zabolevaniiakh u detei.

Simultaneous estimation of glucocorticoid content was carried out in bronchial secretion products and in blood plasma of 95 children with chronic bronchopulmonary pathology. 11-hydroxycorticosteroids were found in bronchial secretion product; its concentration depended on the type, phase of the disease and the character of bronchial mucose impairment. The highest content of 11-hydroxycorticosteroids was observed in purulent endo-bronchitis.