[Deformations of the vertebral column in the visually impaired schoolchildren presenting with complicated high myopia and the possibilities for its correction].

Complicated high myopia is one of the leading causes responsible for the disablement in the children associated with visual impairment especially when it is combined with other pathological conditions and abnormalities among which are disorders of the musculoskeletal system. In the present study, we for the first time examined visually impaired schoolchildren (n=44) who suffered from high myopia complications making use of the computed optical topographer for the evaluation of the state of their vertebral column. The control group consisted of 60 children attending a secondary school. The study revealed various deformations of the musculoskeletal system including scoliosis, misalignment of the pelvis, kyphosis, hyperlordosis, torsion, platypodia, deformation of the lower extremities and the chest. These deformations were more pronounced in the visually impaired schoolchildren in comparison with the children of the same age comprising the control group (p<0,05). It is concluded that the assessment of the state of the vertebral column with the use of the apparatus yields an important information for the elaboration and application of a series of measures for the timely provision of medical assistance needed for the comprehensive rehabilitation of the visually impaired schoolchildren presenting with high myopia complications.

[The 2009 pandemic influenza in Russia. I. Diagnosis and molecular biological characteristics of the virus].

The analysis of 1558 clinical samples revealed influenza virus A(H1N1v) RNA in 339 patients with influenza and 163 fatal cases,which was made in May to December 2009. Data on the antigenic properties of more than 250 of pandemic virus strains isolated at the Research Institute of Influenza and the molecular genetic characteristics of 31 strains are presented. All the test isolates were found to have the S203 substitution in hemagglutinin, which was characteristic of one of 5 minor genome A(H1N1v) virus variants found in the United States and Mexico in 2009. All the test strains contain the S31N substitution in the M2 protein, which determines viral resistance to adamantine, and have no H275Y substitution in neuraminidase, which determines oseltamivir resistance. The substitution of amino acid residue of Asp to Gly at position 222 of HA was found in 8 (73%) of 11 isolates from postmortem lung and trachea samples and in 2 (10%) of 20 isolates from nasopharyngeal swabs. The determination of the pathogenic role of this substitution calls for further investigations.

[Etiological characteristics of the influenza epidemics of 2006-2009 in the Russian Federation (according to the data of the Research Institute of Influenza, North-Western Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences)].

The basic trends in the evolution of influenza A and B in the Russian Federation during the epidemic seasons of 2006-2009 were studied on the basis of an antigenic analysis of 1774 Influenza isolated at the Research Institute of Influenza (RII), North-Western Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, and sent from resting bases (the regional centers of the Russian Inspectorate for the Protection of Consumer Rights and Human Welfare, which collaborate with the RII). Although the trends in the substitution of representative strains generally coincide with the world patterns, the authors revealed some specific features of the antigenic drift of influenza viruses in the Russian Federation and regional varieties. Data on some biological properties and those of the antigenic analysis of the first pandemic influenza A(H1NI)v strains isolated at the RII from Saint Petersburg patients in July-August 2009 are also given in the paper.

[Synthesis and biological activity of complexes of sulfonate-containing polyanions and gentamycin].

A series of copolymers of acrylamide (Am) with 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AmMPSA) and N-2-hydroxypropyl-methacrylamide (HPMA) with acrylic acid (AA) have been synthesized. Complexes of gentamycin in the base form with these polymers and dextran sulfate were obtained. It is established that both poly(AmMPCA) and its complex with gentamycin exhibit an antiviral activity in vitro against human A(H3N2) influenza virus and herpes simplex virus of type 1 (HSV-1). The HPMA-AA copolymer and its complex with gentamycin are only active against HSV-1. Complexes of gentamycin with the polyanions based on the Am derivatives and dextran sulfate showed a high level of antibacterial activity against four bacterial strains. All the polymers studied as well as their complexes with gentamycin demonstrated a low toxicity in vitro, which makes them promising for the creation of preparations with combined antiviral and antimicrobial properties.

[Improvement of the method of prehospital protection of vision]. / Usovershenstvovanie sposoba dogospital'noi okhrany zreniia.

The authors describe an improved method for the prevention of ocular diseases in children, consisting in formation of risk groups starting from female consulting centers ("provisional" group), then at maternity hospitals ("provisional" and "reliable" groups), and then at the outpatient clinic after examination by an ophthalmologist ("actual" and "reliable" groups). This work does not require extra staff or finances, and it helps reduce the incidence of ocular diseases, poor vision, and blindness almost twofold.

[The effect of trauma on the structural-temporal organization of the T-dependent zone of a regional lymph node]. / Vliianie travmy na strukturno-vremennúiu organizatsiiu T-zavisimoi zony regionarnogo limfaticheskogo uzla.

Experiments in 238 white mice have shown that after trauma there was a change in the population density (PD) of immune competent cells in the T-dependent zone of the regional lymph node (LN) both in the center of the deep cortex and in the T-territory adjacent to the germinative center. PD of small lymphocytes increases on the 1st-3rd days after trauma and returns to the initial level by the 4th-5th day. PD of mitotically dividing cells, immunoblasts, plasmablasts, immature and mature plasmocytes dramatically decreased on the 3rd day while an inconsiderable elevation of their PD took place on the 1st day in T-territory. The increased PD of small lymphocytes in the regional LN seems to be associated with their intensified release from the injury focus. The suppressed proliferation and differentiation of the plasmocyte line cells is the reaction to operation stress: in the posttraumatic period the spectral composition of fluctuations of PD of cells and parameters of its rhythmical components (both in the center of the deep cortex and in T-territory) were changed. As a rule, there was a displacement of acrophase and lessening of the rhythm amplitude. The general potency of the process after trauma increased. The amount of circadian components in the spectral composition of rhythmicity and their potency increased which speaks of central hormonal influences becoming greater.

[Effect of trauma on space-time organization of B-dependent area of the regional lymph node cortex]. / Vliianie travmy na prostranstvenno-vremennuiu organizatsiiu B-zavisimoi zony kory regionarnogo limfaticheskogo uzla.

In the experiment performed on 238 non-inbred white mice it has been demonstrated that after trauma in the concha auricularis population density (PD) of immune-competent cells in the germinative center (GC) and in the crown of the regional lymph node (LN) changes. The PD of small lymphocytes increases, and the PD of mitotically dividing cells, immunoblasts, plasmoblasts, immature and mature plasmocytes decreases sharply in both zones. The increase of small lymphocytes PD in the regional LN after the trauma is obviously connected with intensification of their inflow from the lesion focus. Inhibition of proliferation and differentiation of the immune-competent cells in the GC of the crown is a response to the operation stress. During the posttraumatic period both spectral composition and parameters of the constituents of rhythmical alteration of the cells PD change both in the GC and in the crown. As a rule, displacement of acrophase and decrease in amplitude of the rhythm take place. Total power of the process for various types of immune-competent cells alters unequally. In the spectral composition of the rhythmicity amount of circadian components increases, their power increases, too. This demonstrates an increase of central hormonal effects during the posttraumatic period. After trauma fluctuations of the cells PD of the plasmacytic line, as well as in mitotically dividing cells with a 7-hour's period, which has been revealed in intact animals before the trauma, are preserved. This demonstrates a relative independence of the given synchronizer of rhythmicity at a tissue level from any influence of the higher regulatory center.

[Spatial-temporal organization of the deep cortex of the lymph node]. / Prostranstvenno-vremennaia organizatsiia glubokoi kory limfaticheskogo uzla.

In various areas of the deep cortex: central and peripheral parts, as well as T-territory (adjoining the fundus of the germinative center) various cells (small and middle lymphocytes, immunoblasts, plasmoblasts, immature and mature plasma cells and mitotically dividing cells) have been counted. The population density of various immunocompetent cells differs significantly in various areas of the deep cortex. Immunoblasts predominate in the center, cells of the plasmic line--in the periphery of the deep cortex and in the T-territory. Fluctuations of the population density are time-dependent. Spectral composition and parameters of rhythmicity for each cellular type and general course of the process are estimated. In the spectral composition ultradian components predominate. The circadian components are more specific for T- than for B-dependent zone. For immunoblasts in all the zones a common period of fluctuations, nearly 10 h, is revealed, and for the cells of the plasmic line 7 hours' period is common; therefore, it is possible to suppose presence of synchronizing pace-makers of the rhythm for T-lymphocytes, on the one hand, and for antibody-forming cells, on the other hand. Spectral composition of rhythmicity of the cells in the T-territory and in other part of the deep cortex has a number of similar components, that demonstrates functional unity of these zones. A higher part of the cells of the plasmic line in the T-territory and in the periphery of the deep cortex is, perhaps, connected with their migration along these areas towards medullar cords. The general process is of a complex character, rises and drops are registered at various time of the day.

[The temporal organization of the complex nodule in the lymph node]. / Vremennáia organizatsiia slozhnogo uzelka limfaticheskogo uzla.

The aim of the work is to study rhythmic processes at tissue level in the lymph nodule and in the T-territory adjacent to it in order to reveal temporal interrelations in functioning the germinative center, crown and T-territory. The lymph nodule sections are stained with methylene green-pyronine. Small and middle lymphocytes, immunoblasts, plasmoblasts, immature and mature plasma cells, mitotic figures are taken into account. Spectral composition and rhythmic parameters are determined for each type of the cells in the ultradian, circadian and infradian ranges. Periods, approaching the circadian one, are revealed in the germinative centers for small lymphocytes and immature plasma cells. Practically, for all plasma cells the functional period near to 7 h is found; this attests the presence of the common synchronous rhythm driver. Phase difference of immunoblast, plasmablast, immature plasma cell fluctuation in the germinative centers makes it possible to suppose the time, necessary to transfer the immunoblast into the plasmablast (1.6-2.6 h) and the plasmablast into the immature plasma cell (3 h). Owing to the knowledge of the spectral composition of the rhythmic and parameters of certain components it is possible to approximate the total course of the process. Combination of fluctuations with various periods results in their recurrence in more prolonged time intervals.

[Liver function disorders and hepatic insufficiency in diseases of the abdominal cavity organs]. / O narusheniiakh funktsii pecheni i pechenochnoi nedostatochnosti pri zabolevaniiakh organov briushnoi polosti.

The tissue respiration and oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondrial preparations of the liver were studied by means of the polarography in 14 cases of peptic ulcer localised in the stomach and the duodenum and 46 cases of cancer of the stomach. The deterioration of the indices of oxidative phosphorylation in the liver (decrease of the respiratory control, desintegration of the respiration and phosphorylation processes) has been found to occur with the development of the tumor process.

[Study of skeletal muscle cholinoreceptors using alkylating agents]. / Izuchenie kholinoretseptorov skeletnoi myshtsy s pomoshch'iu alkiliruiushchikh agentov.

The ability of decamethonium containing beta-clorethylamino groups to alkylate the nicotinic cholinoreceptors of the frog tonic muscles was studied. D-tubocurarine prevented the action of the alkylating decamethonium (AD). The latter equally inhibited the effects of carbacholine and tetramethylammonium. The degree of alkylation did not change with pH varying from 6 to 11. AD did not produce any parallel shifts, but inhibited at once the maximal response to carbacholine both of the frog intact muscle and of a single tonic fibre. It is suggested that decamethonium blocks the cholinoreceptors anionic sites, which are represented by the carboxylate, or phosphate anions. The frog tonic muscle probably fails to posses any spare receptors.