Is a colorectal neoplasm diagnosis a trigger to change dietary and other lifestyle habits for persons with Lynch syndrome? A prospective cohort study.

A cancer diagnosis is suggested to be associated with changes in dietary and lifestyle habits. Whether this applies to persons with familial cancer, such as Lynch syndrome (LS) is unknown. We investigated whether a colorectal neoplasm (CRN) diagnosis in persons with LS is associated with changes in dietary and lifestyle habits over time. We used data of confirmed LS mutation carriers from the GEOLynch study, a prospective cohort study. Information on dietary intake and lifestyle habits was collected with a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and a general questionnaire administered at baseline (2006-2008) and follow-up (2012-2017). Participants' medical records were used to identify CRN diagnoses. Changes in dietary and lifestyle habits in the CRN and the no-CRN group were compared using multivariable linear regression models for continuous variables and cross-tables with percentage change at follow-up compared with baseline for categorical variables. Of the 324 included participants, 146 developed a CRN (CRN group) between baseline and follow-up, while 178 did not (no-CRN group). Smoking cessation was more often reported in the CRN than in the no-CRN group (41.4% vs. 35.0%). There were no differences in changes of energy intake, alcohol, red meat, processed meat, dairy, fruit, vegetables and dietary fiber consumption, BMI, physical activity and NSAID use. Apart from a potentially higher likelihood of smoking cessation, we found little evidence that a CRN diagnosis is associated with changes in lifestyle habits in persons with LS.

Changes in body weight and serum liver tests associated with parenteral nutrition compared with no parenteral nutrition in patients with acute myeloid leukemia during remission induction treatment.

PURPOSE: Differences in body weight changes and serum liver tests (LTs) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) versus no PN during remission induction (RI) treatment were assessed. METHODS: Retrospectively, differences in body weight changes and serum LTs in AML patients (n = 213) who received PN versus no PN during RI treatment in one of three Dutch hospitals between 2004 and 2015 were assessed. Weekly body weight and serum LT registrations were collected from medical records. Patients' body weight changes were compared between the hospitals where PN is applied upon first indication of inadequate oral intake (PN hospitals) and the hospital where use of PN is limited to severe cases only (no-PN hospital) using repeated measures mixed model analysis. Differences in severity of serum LT elevations, according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0, were assessed between patients who did and did not receive PN using chi-square or Fisher's exact tests, and multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Compared with patients of the PN hospitals, patients of the no-PN hospital experienced significantly more body weight loss during RI treatment (between-group difference 7.2%, 95% CI 4.0-10.3%). Furthermore, PN was associated with transient mild to moderate elevations of liver enzymes, but not with raised median total bilirubin levels nor with occurrence of CTCAE grade 3-4 LT elevations. CONCLUSION: Frequent compared with exceptional use of PN in AML patients during RI treatment better preserved body weight, without clinically relevant (CTCAE grade 3-4) elevations in serum LTs.

Chemotherapy and vitamin D supplement use are determinants of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels during the first six months after colorectal cancer diagnosis.

Vitamin D metabolites, including 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), may inhibit colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. Here we investigated cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of demographic, lifestyle and clinical characteristics with 25(OH)D3 serum concentrations in CRC patients at diagnosis and six months later. In 1201 newly-diagnosed stage I-III CRC patients, 25(OH)D3 levels were analysed twice. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess demographic, lifestyle and clinical determinants of 25(OH)D3 levels at diagnosis and six months later. Linear mixed models were used to assess characteristics associated with changes in 25(OH)D3 levels over time. Results of our study showed that vitamin D intake from diet or supplements, use of calcium supplements, BMI and disease stage were associated with 25(OH)D3 levels at both time points. Six months after diagnosis, gender and having received chemo- and/or radiotherapy were also associated with 25(OH)D3 levels. A stronger decrease in 25(OH)D3 levels was observed in patients who underwent chemotherapy, compared to surgery only (ß-6.9 nmol/L 95 %CI -9.8; -4.0). Levels of 25(OH)D3 levels increased in patients using vitamin D supplements compared to non-users (ß 4.0 nmol/L 95 %CI 1.2; 6.8). In conclusion, vitamin D supplement use and treatment appear to be important determinants of 25(OH)D3 levels during the first six months after CRC diagnosis, although the difference in 25(OH)D3 levels was minor. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03191110.

Pre-to-post diagnosis weight trajectories in colorectal cancer patients with non-metastatic disease.

PURPOSE: Previous studies have shown that > 50% of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy gain weight after diagnosis. This may affect long-term health. Therefore, prevention of weight gain has been incorporated in oncological guidelines for CRC with a focus on patients that undergo adjuvant chemotherapy treatment. It is, however, unknown how changes in weight after diagnosis relate to weight before diagnosis and whether weight changes from pre-to-post diagnosis are restricted to chemotherapy treatment. We therefore examined pre-to-post diagnosis weight trajectories and compared them between those treated with and without adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS: We included 1184 patients diagnosed with stages I-III CRC between 2010 and 2015 from an ongoing observational prospective study. At diagnosis, patients reported current weight and usual weight 2 years before diagnosis. In the 2 years following diagnosis, weight was self-reported repeatedly. We used linear mixed models to analyse weight trajectories. RESULTS: Mean pre-to-post diagnosis weight change was -0.8 (95% CI -1.1, -0.4) kg. Post-diagnosis weight gain was + 3.5 (95% CI 2.7, 4.3) kg in patients who had lost ≥ 5% weight before diagnosis, while on average clinically relevant weight gain after diagnosis was absent in the groups without pre-diagnosis weight loss. Pre-to-post diagnosis weight change was similar in patients treated with (-0.1 kg (95%CI -0.8, 0.6)) and without adjuvant chemotherapy (-0.9 kg (95%CI -1.4, -0.5)). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, hardly any pre-to-post diagnosis weight change was observed among CRC patients, because post-diagnosis weight gain was mainly observed in patients who lost weight before diagnosis. This was observed independent of treatment with adjuvant chemotherapy.