Relationship between Ankyloglossia and Breastfeeding: A Bibliometric Review

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess global trends in the publication of studies investigating the association between ankyloglossia and breastfeeding. Material and Methods: An electronic search was performed in the Scopus database without restrictions. Observational studies and clinical trials were included. Bibliometric indices such as publication year, authors, co-authors, journals, field of knowledge, countries, and the most cited keywords were analyzed using the VOSviewer program. Results: The search retrieved 350 studies, and 68 were selected. The first article was published in 2000 in the United States. The United States presented the highest number of publications (n=21), followed by Brazil (n=9) and the United Kingdom (n=9). An increase in publications on this theme was observed in 2013; 2021 was the year with the highest number of publications (n=14). The most common word was "frenulum". The authors with the highest number of publications were Botze and Dollbert from Israel (n=3), Ghaheri, and Mace from the United States (n=3). Among the journals, "Breastfeeding Medicine" presented the highest number of publications (n=7), followed by the "International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology" (n=6), "CODAS" (n=5), "Journal of Human Lactation" (n=4) and "Pediatrics" (n=3); the latter published the top-cited studies, with 412 citations. Conclusion: There has been an increase in recent articles evaluating the correlation between ankyloglossia and breastfeeding, indicating the growing interest of researchers in this field.

Symmetry of carious lesions in primary and permanent teeth in children as a predictor of future caries patterns.

This study evaluated the bilateral symmetry of carious lesions in the primary and permanent teeth of children. The clinical records of patients aged 3 to 14 years who had carious lesions were evaluated. Dental caries was assessed using the modified decayed, missing, and filled teeth (dmft/DMFT) index, and the biofilm was assessed using the O'Leary plaque control record. The results were analyzed considering the presence or absence of caries and the stages of caries. The kappa coefficient between the left and right sides was calculated, and the chi-square test was applied (P < 0.05). The sample consisted of 206 children and 4802 teeth (2127 primary and 2675 permanent teeth). Fifty-one percent of the sample was female, and the mean age was 8.28 (SD 1.62) years. The mean number of dmft/DMFT was 4.45 (SD 3.61), and the mean O'Leary plaque index was 27.38%. The overall symmetry for the presence/absence of dental caries was 49.5% (n = 342), and the symmetry for the stage of caries was 43.5% (n = 301). The symmetry was similar in primary and permanent teeth for the presence/absence of caries (50.83% and 47.39%, respectively) and stages of caries (42.08% and 45.89%, respectively). Among the teeth that showed symmetry of carious lesions, there was an association between the hygiene condition and the presence of lesions in all maxillary and mandibular primary second molars and in the mandibular permanent right first molar (P < 0.05). A bilateral symmetric relationship of carious lesions was observed in the primary canines, primary first and second molars, permanent central and lateral incisors, first premolars, and permanent first molars in both the maxillary and mandibular arches. The results suggest that the presence of a carious lesion on a tooth surface can predict vulnerability to caries on the contralateral tooth, allowing the dentist to pursue targeted preventive action.

Complete enucleation surgical treatment and histological analysis of a mucocele in lower lip in a child: case report / Tratamiento quirúrgico de enucleación completa y análisis histológico de un mucocele en el labio inferior en un niño: reporte de caso

Objective: The aim of this case report is to describe the surgical removal of a mucocele and its histological analysis, in a child. Case Report: An 11-year-old female patient attended the Pediatric Dentistry clinic complaining of a lower lip lesion. During the anamnesis, the mother reported that the child had a habit of biting and sucking the spot frequently. Clinical examination showed the lesion was compatible with a mucocele. The proposed treatment was a complete enucleation of the lesion under local anesthesia. The incision and tissue divulsion were performed for maximum preservation of the mucosa, avoiding a possible recurrence. Total adjacent glands removal was also performed. The lesion was placed in 10% formaldehyde for histopathological analysis (H&E Staining), which showed dense connective tissue presenting chronic inflammatory infiltrate and extravasated mucin, presence of granulation tissue delimiting the area of extravasated mucin and presence of minor salivary glands. The patient was advised to quit the habit, and after seven days the sutures were removed. At the one-year follow-up there was no recurrence of the lesion. Conclusion: The proposed treatment proved to be effective without recurrence of the lesion.

Objetivo: El objetivo de este reporte de caso es describir la extirpación quirúrgica de un mucocele y su análisis histológico en un niño. Informe del caso: una paciente de 11 años de edad asistió a la clínica de Odontopediatria quejándose de una lesión en el labio inferior. Durante la anamnesis, la madre informó que el niño tenía la costumbre de morder y chupar el lugar con frecuencia. En el examen clínico, la lesión fue compatible con un mucocele. El tratamiento propuesto fue una enucleación completa de la lesión bajo anestesia local. La incisión y la divulgación del tejido se realizaron para la máxima preservación de la mucosa, evitando una posible recurrencia. También se realizó la extracción total de las glándulas adyacentes. La lesión se colocó en formaldehído al 10% para el análisis histopatológico (tinción H&E), que mostró tejido conectivo denso que presenta infiltrado inflamatorio crónico y mucina extravasada, presencia de tejido de granulación que delimita el área de mucina extravasada y presencia de glándulas salivales menores. Se aconsejó al paciente que abandonara el hábito, y después de siete días se retiraron las suturas. En el seguimiento de un año no hubo recurrencia de la lesión. Conclusión: El tratamiento propuesto demostró ser efectivo sin recurrencia de la lesión.

Three year follow-up and management of a severely dislocated tooth after primary trauma

Objective: This case report describes the management and a 3-year follow-up of an unerupted and ectopic positioned anterior tooth. Case Report: The patient, a girl (9 years old) was referred due to the lack of a permanent maxillary left central incisor. When she was 2 years old suffered a complete intrusion of her primary maxillary left central incisor, and the tooth re-erupted after 4 weeks. Radiographic examination revealed the impaction and severe dislocation of the permanent maxillary left central incisor. The impacted tooth was surgically exposed and placed in orthodontic traction for alignment over a period of 12 months. Results: After this period the central incisor presented satisfactory periapical and periodontal health, adequate occlusion and a good esthetic outcome. After three years of follow-up, apically rounded and no extensive damage to tooth or tissues structures were observed Conclusion: The orthodontic management had been successfully performed with excellent functional and esthetic results. Treatment of an impacted incisor is a challenge, which should be carefully planned. A clinical and radiographic follow-up by a multi- rofessional group is of outmost importance.

Objetivo: Este relato de caso descreve o manejo e um acompanhamento de 3 anos de um dente anterior incluso e ectópico. Relato de Caso: O paciente, uma menina (9 anos de idade) foi encaminhada devido à falta de um incisivo central esquerdo superior permanente. Quando ela tinha 2 anos de idade, sofreu uma intrusão completa de seu incisivo central esquerdo superior decíduo, e o dente re- erupcionou após 4 semanas. O exame radiográfico revelou a impactação e deslocamento grave do incisivo central esquerdo superior permanente. O dente impactado foi cirurgicamente exposto e tracionado ortodonticamente para alinhamento ao longo de um período de 12 meses. Resultados: Após este período, o incisivo central apresentou saúde periapical e periodontal satisfatórias, oclusão adequada e bom resultado estético. Após três anos de acompanhamento, arredondamento apical e ausência de dano extensivo às estruturas dentárias ou teciduais foi observado. Conclusão: O manejo ortodôntico foi realizado com sucesso, com excelentes resultados funcionais e estéticos. O tratamento de um incisivo impactado é um desafio que deve ser cuidadosamente planejado. Um acompanhamento clínico e radiográfico por um grupo multiprofissional é de extrema importância.

Does the presence of sucrose in pediatric antibiotics influence the enamel mineral loss and the Streptococcus mutans counts in dental biofilm?

The role of antibiotics containing sucrose on the formation of dental caries is still controversial. This study aimed to investigate the effect of two antibiotics (amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate suspension), with and without sucrose, on human dental hardness and Streptococcus mutans counts in dental biofilm. Primary tooth fragments (n=72) were coated with nail varnish leaving a window of 2.25 mm diameter. Specimens were fixed in 24-well polystyrene plates, containing BHI medium. S. mutans (clinical strains) represented the inoculum to form biofilm on the fragments for 24 h. Twelve fragments were separated for the initial count of microorganisms (baseline). The other fragments were divided into 4 groups (n=12) of treatment: G1 (Clavulin(r)), G2 (Betamox(r)), G3 (chlorhexidine 0.12%), G4 (sucrose 10%). All specimens had their self-control area (covered area). The cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH) was evaluated for each specimen. All the treated groups had a loss of hardness compared to their self-controls (p<0.05). Both drugs inhibited the S. mutans growth and promoted no CSMH difference among them. Both antibiotics eliminated all formed biofilm and did not cause mineral loss from the enamel, regardless the presence of sucrose in its formulation.

Does the Presence of Sucrose in Pediatric Antibiotics Influence the Enamel Mineral Loss and the Streptococcus mutans Counts in Dental Biofilm?

The role of antibiotics containing sucrose on the formation of dental caries is still controversial. This study aimed to investigate the effect of two antibiotics (amoxicillin and potassium clavulanate suspension), with and without sucrose, on human dental hardness and Streptococcus mutans counts in dental biofilm. Primary tooth fragments (n=72) were coated with nail varnish leaving a window of 2.25 mm diameter. Specimens were fixed in 24-well polystyrene plates, containing BHI medium. S. mutans (clinical strains) represented the inoculum to form biofilm on the fragments for 24 h. Twelve fragments were separated for the initial count of microorganisms (baseline). The other fragments were divided into 4 groups (n=12) of treatment: G1 (Clavulin(r)), G2 (Betamox(r)), G3 (chlorhexidine 0.12%), G4 (sucrose 10%). All specimens had their self-control area (covered area). The cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH) was evaluated for each specimen. All the treated groups had a loss of hardness compared to their self-controls (p<0.05). Both drugs inhibited the S. mutans growth and promoted no CSMH difference among them. Both antibiotics eliminated all formed biofilm and did not cause mineral loss from the enamel, regardless the presence of sucrose in its formulation.

O papel dos antibióticos contendo sacarose na formação de cárie dentária é ainda controverso. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar o efeito de dois antibióticos (amoxicilina / clavulanato de potássio suspensão oral), com e sem sacarose, na dureza do esmalte dental humano e na contagem de Streptococcus mutans no biofilme dental. Fragmentos de dentes decíduos (n = 72) foram revestidos com verniz deixando uma janela de exposição de 2,25mm de diâmetro. Os espécimes foram fixados em placas de poliestireno de 24 poços, contendo meio de cultura BHI. S. mutans (estirpes clínicas) representaram o inoculo para formar biofilmes sobre os fragmentos por 24 h. Doze fragmentos foram separados para a contagem inicial de microrganismos (baseline). Os restantes dos fragmentos foram divididos em 4 grupos (n = 12) de tratamento: G1 (Clavulin(r)), G2 (Betamox(r)), G3 (clorexidina 0,12%), G4 (sacarose a 10%). Todas as amostras tiveram sua área de controle (área coberta). A microdureza transversal (CSMH) foi avaliada para cada espécime. Todos os grupos tratados tiveram uma perda de dureza quando comparados com os seus respectivos controles (p <0,05). Ambos os fármacos inibiram o crescimento de S. mutans e não promoveram diferença da CSMH entre eles. Ambos os antibióticos eliminaram todo o biofilme formado, não promovendo assim, perda mineral do esmalte, independente da presença de sacarose na sua formulação.

In vitro effect of paediatric liquid medicines on deciduous enamel exposed to biofilm.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the in vitro effects of paediatric liquid medicines on deciduous enamel exposed to biofilms. METHODS: Fragments (n = 25) of first primary molars were covered by nail varnish, leaving a 22 mm(2) exposure area. Specimens were fixed in polystyrene plates containing BHI broth media. Pooled human saliva was added to form a mature biofilm on fragments over a 10-day period in microaerophilic conditions. Specimens were divided into groups (n = 5 per group) and treated (50 µL) daily for 1 min over 1 week as follows: G1 = 10% sucrose solution (positive control); G2 = Dimetapp Elixir® (antihistamine); G3 = Claritin® (antihistamine); and G4 = Klaricid® (antibiotic). Five other fragments, without treatment and inoculum represented the blank controls. The covered area for each specimen represented the negative control. Cross-sectional hardness of the enamel was used as a demineralization indicator. RESULTS: All treatment groups showed hardness loss compared to the corresponding negative controls (p < 0.05). Among the treatment groups, G2 exhibited the greatest demineralization pattern (p < 0.05) followed by G3, G1 and G4. CONCLUSION: All medicines caused deciduous enamel demineralization in the presence of biofilm. The greatest hardness loss was observed after treatment with Dimetapp Elixir®.