Conhecimento de estudantes de enfermagem sobre atendimento do paciente politraumatizado no ambiente pré-hospitalar / Knowledge of nursing students about care for polytraumatized patients in the pre-hospital environment

O alto índice de morbimortalidade por traumas evidencia a necessidade global de medidas preventivas. O enfermeiro deve estar preparado para realizar intervenções básicas e intermediárias no Atendimento Pré-Hospitalar (APH), utilizando o conhecimento técnico-científico adquirido durante sua formação acadêmica. Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento dos estudantes de enfermagem de uma universidade do meio oeste de Santa Catarina para o atendimento de pacientes politraumatizados no ambiente pré-hospitalar. Métodos: A pesquisa ocorreu no mês de maio de 2023 através de uma simulação realística em atendimento pré-hospitalar a partir de um cenário fictício de paciente politraumatizado com uso de atores utilizando o Trauma Standard Checklist no pré e pós-teste. Resultados: Quando comparados os escores entre as três equipes são observadas diferenças entre as equipes no pré e pós-teste. Conclusão: Os achados deste estudo evidenciam que cenários de simulações realísticas bem-preparados podem impactar significativamente no aprendizado dos estudantes e assim melhor prepará-los para o mercado de trabalho.(AU)

The high rate of morbidity and mortality from trauma highlights the global need for preventive measures. Nurses must be prepared to perform basic and intermediate interventions in Pre-Hospital Care (APH), using the technical-scientific knowledge acquired during their academic training. Objective: To evaluate the knowledge of nursing students from a university in the midwest of Santa Catarina for the care of polytraumatized patients in the pre-hospital environment. Methods: The research took place in May 2023 through a realistic simulation in pre-hospital care from a fictitious scenario of a polytraumatized patient using actors using the Trauma Standard Checklist in the pre and post-test. Results: When comparing the scores between the three teams, differences are observed between the teams in the pre- and post-test. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that well-prepared realistic simulation scenarios can significantly impact students' learning and thus better prepare them for the labor market.(AU)

La elevada tasa de morbimortalidad por traumatismos pone de manifiesto la necesidad global de medidas preventivas. Los enfermeros deben estar preparados para realizar intervenciones básicas e intermedias en la Atención Prehospitalaria (APH), utilizando los conocimientos técnico-científicos adquiridos durante su formación académica. Objetivo: Evaluar los conocimientos de los estudiantes de enfermería de una universidad del centro-oeste de Santa Catarina para el cuidado de pacientes politraumatizados en el ambiente prehospitalario. Método: La investigación se realizó en mayo de 2023 a través de una simulación realista en la atención prehospitalaria a partir de un escenario ficticio de un paciente politraumatizado utilizando actores que utilizaron el Trauma Standard Checklist en el pre y post test. Resultados: Al comparar las puntuaciones entre los tres equipos, se observaron diferencias entre los equipos en el pre y post-test. Conclusión: Los resultados de este estudio muestran que los escenarios de simulación realista bien preparados pueden tener un impacto significativo en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes y, por lo tanto, prepararlos mejor para el mercado laboral.(AU)

Effects of ω-3 fatty acids on stereotypical behavior and social interactions in Wistar rats prenatally exposed to lipopolysaccarides.

OBJECTIVE: Supplementation with ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can positively contribute to neurologic development, modulating inflammatory responses, promoting homeostasis, and having a positive effect on animal behaviors associated with mental disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate behavioral and biochemical effects of ω-3 fatty acid supplementation in an animal model for mental disorders by prenatal maternal exposure to lipopolysaccardies (LPS) from the maternal immune activation. METHODS: Twelve pregnant Wistar rats were used. Each rat received 100 µg/kg of LPS or saline solution on gestational day (GD) 9.5. The offspring remained with mothers until weaning and from postnatal day (PND) 30 were supplemented with ω-3 PUFA or saline solution by gavage at a dose of 0.8 g/kg orally for 21 d. On PND 52, the animals underwent behavioral tests; then, they were sacrificed, and the brain structures were dissected and analyzed by levels: neuron-specific enolase (NSE), brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß. RESULT: Prenatal exposure to LPS significantly increased the episodes of stereotyped movements and decreased social interaction in the offspring (P = 0.009 and P = 0.001, respectively), after ω-3 PUFA supplementation these parameters reversed (P = 0.005 and P = 0.013, respectively). Significant changes also were identified in the biochemical analysis in NSE and TGF-ß in the brain structures; these conditions were reversed after ω-3 PUFA supplementation. CONCLUSION: Supplementation with ω-3 PUFA reversed animal behaviors that often are observed in autism and other mental disorders in rats prenatally exposed to LPS, and also exerted neuroprotective effects in marker levels of neuronal damage and expression of TGF-ß.

Effects of omega-3 on behavioral and biochemical parameters in rats submitted to chronic mild stress.

Major depression is a heterogeneous psychiatric disorder whose pathophysiology is not clearly established yet. Some studies have shown that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are involved in the development of major depression. Since most depressed patients do not achieve complete remission of symptoms, new therapeutic alternatives are needed and omega-3 has been highlighted in this scenario. Therefore, we have investigated the effects of omega-3 on behavioral and biochemical parameters in rats submitted to chronic mild stress (CMS). Male Wistar rats were submitted to CMS for 40 days. After the CMS period, we administered a 500 mg/kg dose of omega-3 orally, once a day, for 7 days. The animals submitted to CMS presented anhedonia, had no significant weight gain, presented increased levels of lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation, and inhibition of complex I and IV activities of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The treatment with omega-3 did not reverse anhedonia; however, it reversed weight change, increased lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation levels, and partially reversed the inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes. The findings support studies that state that major depression is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, and that omega-3 supplementation could reverse some of these changes, probably due to its antioxidant properties.