Oleanolic acid promotes orofacial antinociception in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) through TRPV1 receptors.

This study aimed to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of oleanolic acid using adult zebrafish models of orofacial pain. Acute nociception was induced by formalin, capsaicin, cinnamaldehyde, menthol, acidified saline or glutamate (cutaneous modes) and hypertonic saline (corneal model). In another set of experiments, animals were pre-treated with naloxone, L-NAME, methylene blue, ketamine, camphor, HC-030031, mefenamic acid, ruthenium red or amiloride to investigate the mechanism of antinociception. The involvement of central afferent C-fibers was also investigated. A molecular docking was performed using the TRPV1 channel. Motor activity was evaluated with the open field test. Pre-treatment with oleanolic acid significantly reduced nociceptive behavior associated with acute pain. Antinociception was effectively inhibited by ruthenium red and capsaicin-induced desensitization. Presence of trpv1 was confirmed by RT-PCR in cerebral tissue of zebrafish. In line with in vivo experiments, docking studies indicated that oleanolic acid may interact with TRPV1. Results confirm the potential pharmacological relevance of oleanolic acid as an inhibitor of orofacial nociception mediated by TRPV1.

Quantificação e análise do custo da sobra limpa em unidades de alimentação e nutrição de uma empresa de grande porte / Quantification and analysis of the cost of food wastage in the cafeterias of a large company

OBJETIVO:O propósito deste estudo foi quantificar e avaliar o custo da sobra limpa em oito unidades de alimentação e nutrição de uma empresa siderúrgica de grande porte. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliadas oito unidades de alimentação e nutrição durante cinco meses. A quantificação da sobra limpa considerou as sobras e o número de refeições planejadas e servidas diariamente. As preparações foram divididas em grupos, sendo os custos obtidos a partir do valor médio dos alimentos adquiridos no mês. RESULTADOS: Cinquenta por cento das unidades de alimentação e nutrição não atingiram valores inferiores ou iguais a 30g, meta per capita de sobra limpa determinada pela empresa. Os per capitas totais de sobra limpa variaram entre 24g e 60g, equivalentes a 176kg-1.213kg de alimentos desperdiçados mensalmente. As saladas apresentaram as maiores porcentagens de desperdício na maioria das unidades. O custo mensal com as sobras atingiu de 2,2 por cento a 3 por cento do valor gasto mensalmente com alimentos, representando um custo elevado para a empresa (entre 80 a 108 salários-mínimos). Diante dos resultados obtidos, foram propostas medidas de intervenção, tais como planejamento e elaboração adequada das preparações, caracterização dos clientes e ações para educação nutricional. CONCLUSÃO: As unidades de alimentação e nutrição apresentaram considerável perda de alimentos com a sobra limpa. A implementação das intervenções propostas poderá minimizar essa perda. O valor gasto com esse desperdício poderia ser revertido em melhorias nos processos produtivos.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to quantify and assess the cost of food wastage in eight cafeterias of a big steel mill. METHODS: Eight cafeterias were followed during five months. Quantification of food wastage was done considering the leftovers and the number of meals planned and served daily. For determining the cost, preparations were divided into groups, and the cost was obtained from the average price of foodstuffs purchased during the month. RESULTS: Fifty percent of the cafeterias did not achieve wastage less or equal to 30g (the per capita food wastage goal set by the company). The total per capita food wastage ranged from 24g to 60g, equivalent to 176-1213kg of food wasted monthly. Salads were wasted more often in most foodservices. The monthly cost of food wastage reached 2.2 percent to 3.0 percent of the amount spent monthly on food. It represented a high expense for the foodservice (approximately 80-108 minimum wages). The results allowed the proposal of intervention measures such as planning and development of appropriate preparations, identification of customers, and nutrition education actions. CONCLUSION: The cafeterias presented considerable food wastage, hence money loss. Implementation of interventions can minimize these losses. Savings from reducing wasteful spending could be used for improving production processes.

Preliminary results of ICF dissemination in primary health care in Mozambique: sharing the Italian experience.

PURPOSE: To present the preliminary results of training courses on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) prepared by Italian WHO FIC CC and to report on strategies for ICF dissemination among primary health care (PHC) workers in Mavalane Health Area, Maputo, Mozambique. METHODS: A participant-observer description of ICF principles introduction and development of ICF-CY modified checklists in Mavalane health area according to a person-environment interaction classification (PEIC) tree. RESULTS: The first ICF courses were held at Mavalane hospital and involved 25 health workers and 24 members of the health committee acting in the local area. The courses were prepared having as a framework the theoretical principles of the UN Convention of rights of persons with disabilities and the ICF bio-psychosocial model. The trainers adapted and modified the course materials to increase the applicability of the protocol to the cultural and social reality of Mozambique, eventually applying the person-environment interaction classification (PEIC) tree. CONCLUSIONS: The very first phase of this project indicates that the use of the ICF checklist is feasible also in a crowded and busy environment like some PHC units of a developing country. However, data collection require a simpler and lighter to use data compilation tool. The proposed new checklist, which includes a PEIC tree, makes easier the compilation and the collection of data.

Prevalence of severe mental and neurological disorders in Mozambique: a population-based survey.

BACKGROUND: The scarcity of information about the mental and neurological health of people in Mozambique has hindered policymaking and investment. We aimed to assess the prevalence of seizure disorders, psychoses, and mental retardation in urban and rural Mozambique. METHODS: 2739 households were randomly selected, 1796 of which were in Maputo city and 943 in the rural town of Cuamba. A key informant from each household was asked to identify household members with disorders that matched the descriptions given in case vignettes. Key informants were also asked about causes of disorders, and their treatment, and current state. FINDINGS: Lifetime prevalence rates for all three disorders were higher in rural than in urban settings. Prevalence of psychoses (in adults) was 4.4% in the rural town versus 1.6% in the city (standardised prevalence ratio 2.79); mental retardation 1.9% versus 1.3% (1.48); and seizure disorders 4.0% versus 1.6% (2.00). Of the three disorders, key informants most frequently attributed psychoses to supernatural causes, followed by seizure disorder. In about three-quarters of all cases, households had consulted a traditional medical practitioner. Nearly half the people with these disorders in rural areas were rated as being in poor health. INTERPRETATION: Advocacy to improve understanding of mental disorders; investment in mental-health resources in rural areas; and collaboration with traditional medical practitioners are urgently needed, especially in the poor rural areas of Mozambique.

O professor de enfermagem frente às tendências pedagógicas: uma breve reflexäo / The teaching of nursing and the pedagogic trend

As autoras fazem uma reflexäo situando o professor de enfermagem nas diferentes abordagens pedagógicas (Tradicional, Cognitivista, Comportamenttalista, Humanista e Sócio-Cultural), com o objetivo de analisar sua aplicaçäo no ensino de enfermagem, contribuindo para que o professor reflita sobre sua prática e a exerça de forma criativa e inovadora.