[DEPENDENCE OF FUNCTIONAL PARAMETERS OF RAT SKELETAL MUSCLE CONTRACTION FROM LEVEL CIRCULATING TRIIODOTHYRONINE].

In experiments on white rats with different thyroid status (thyroidectomy, euthyroidism, hyper- and a thyrotoxicosis) in conditions in situ the relationship between the severity of functional parameters of the tibialis anterior muscle and individual level of circulating free triiodothyronine was learnt. The latent period of muscle contraction, the average and maximum speed of its contraction were determined. A comparative quantitative analysis of the values of indicators of the contractile function of the tibialis anterior muscle in euthyroid and thyroidectomy rats allowed to evaluate the «thyroid contribution) of free triiodothyronine in the functional state of the native skeletal muscle, which formed to 15% for the latency reduction period, 12 % for the average speed of contractile act and 8% for of the maximum speed of muscle contraction. It is shown that in rats if the control group at the beginning of the scale of triiodothyronine concentration (2.2-4.9 pmol/L) hormone activity is expressed weakly, and in the range of 5.2-7.6 pmol/L is greatly increased (up to 11 times). It was established that the positive effect of triiodothyronine is preserved far beyond of the physiological norm of hormone concentration. It is allowed to speak about the existence of an extended corridor of hormone activity. On the base of the analysis of the degree of severity of the physiological parameters of the muscle contraction curve from circulating level of triiodothyronine in rats with different thyroid status (0.1-45 pmol/L) constructed of functional activity of free triiodothyronine. This curve consists of 7 different zones which are located in different sectors of the scale of concentration.

Influence of iatrogenic hypercorticoidism induced by long-term application of dexamethasone on power of muscular contraction of white rats.

Research objective consisted in detection of nature of the changes of the myothermiс and the ergometric parameters of the contraction of the forward tibial muscle of rats in the course of performing of the tiring work at the saturation of an organism by therapeutic doses of dexamethasone. Method: The experiments were performed on sexually mature rats-females (200-220 g), divided into control (n = 10) and experimental (n = 60) groups. The animals of experimental group received dexamethasone (D, KRKA, Slovenia) in a dose of 0,25 mg/kg (intraperitoneal, 1 time in 2 days) during from 10 to 60 days. On anesthetized animals (sodium thiopental, 100 mg/kg) with the use of myothermia and ergographia the nature of change of power of the muscle's contraction in the course of the performance of the tiring work (3 six-second tetanus with external loading of 80 g) was studied. Restults: At the initial stage of the development of iatrogenic hypercorticoidism (after 5-20 injections of D) the initial value of the external work of the muscle in comparison with the control is significantly lower (for 30-52%) and the temperature cost of the unit of the work (TCMW), on the contrary, - is higher (for 26-82%). On the end of the 2-month period of application of D the initial values of the power parameters of the muscle came back to control level. During the performance of the tiring tetanus in animal experimental groups the decline of the external work of the muscle is greater (69-73%) compared with the control (55%). This effect does not depend of the number of injections of D, which indicates about a high pathophysiological activity of glucocorticoid concerning working capacity of the muscle. At expressed fatigue the TCMW always increases from 104% (5 injections of D) to 230% (20 injections); at control animals the effect of the tiring work on TCMW is significantly weaker (28%). At long-term application of D (2 months) the described effect of the preparation is weakened, though remains accurately expressed. Conclusion: The obtained data are considered from the point of view of formation at the hypercorticoidizm of the pathophysiological mechanism - the increase of power cost of muscular work. The revealed effect of D can be the cornerstone of the formation of the number of the pathophysiological mechanisms in neuromuscular system including causing the development of the myopathy at the hypercorticoidizm.

[AMPLITUDE-FREQUENCY'S DEPENDENCE OF M-RESPONSE OF THE SKELETAL MUSCLE OF RATS WITH EXPERIMENTAL HYPERCORTICOIDIZM].

In experiments over the mature white female rats the influence of the hypercorticoidizm (simulated by daily parenteral injection of hydrocortisone in a dose of 3 mg/kg/days for 30 days) on some parameters of the M-response of the forward tibial muscle with a different frequency of stimulation of the low-tibial nerve is studied. It is established that the hypercorticoidizm is followed by lengthening of the chronaxia of the forward tibial muscle at its indirect irritation (by 69 per cent), deterioration of stability of M-response's generation, lengthening of the latent period (by 30 per cent) and to reduction of amplitude (by 29 per cent) of single M-responses against increase in frequency of polyphase potentials (to 35 per cent). At animals with hypercorticoidizm in the range of low frequencies of nerve's stimulation (10-30 imp/s) periodic generation of higher-amplitude M-responses, than at control, against their low initial amplitude was observed, which can testify in a favor of an initial partial blocking of synapses. The hypercorticoidizm was followed more expressed, in comparison with control, decreasing of M-responses' amplitude in the process of increasing in frequency of low-tibial nerve's stimulation, decreasing in frequency of nerve's stimulation on achievement which inverse relationship between M-responses' amplitude and frequency of nerve's irritation was established.

[Influence of thyroxine on display of dexamethasone's effects on M-response's parameters of skeletal muscle of white rats].

In the studies on white rats-females it was studied the dynamics of the change of some parameters of the M-response of a forward tibial muscle in the process of dexamethasone injection (in a dose of 0.25 mg/kg), applied separately and combined with injection of thyroxine (in a dose of 10 mkg/kg). It was established that the application of thyroxine in a complex with dexamethasone prevented the lengthening of the latent period, the decrease of amplitude and the shortening of the duration of the M-responses, taking place at the isolated injection of dexamethasone and also caused an essential decrease of frequency of polyphase potentials of the muscle. Besides, thyroxine prevented the development of the essential decrement of the amplitude and the lengthening of the latent period of M-responses in the process of indirect electric stimulation of the muscle with a frequency of 4 imp/s, typical of the isolated application of dexamethasone.

[Typing of group A streptococci isolated from urban population of different social status and age].

Pulse-electrophoresis, sequencing of emm genes coding protein M and PCR analysis of speA, speB, and speC genes were used for characterization of group A streptococci (GAS) isolated in different years in Moscow and Tuapse mostly from children and military staff. It has been shown that epidemic process of streptococcal infection caused by GAS in Moscow is based on circulation of many independent clones of Streptococcus pyogenes. Obtained data on complex typing of S. pyogenes would be useful for study of molecular epidemiology of diseases caused by GAS and improvement of epidemiologic surveillance.

[Pulse electrophoresis of serogroup A streptocci isolated in Moscow].

Pulse electrophoresis of group A streptococci (GAS) isolated in 1998 - 2004 in Moscow from patients during outbreaks of tonsillitis in child institutions, military unit and also from sporadic cases in children and adults was performed. During analysis of 48 strains 16 pulse electrotypes were recognized. These data allow to consider that in different child institutions (and other groups) accumulation and spreading of most adapted to such environment variants of GAS are take place and population structure of GAS in such institutions is unique on molecular and other characteristics. This study showed that complex typing of GAS (use of pulse electrophoresis and PCR for detection of erythrogenic toxins A and C) will help to improve molecular-epidemiologic surveillance for streptococcal group A infection, development of recommendations on reduction of morbidity from this infection and also to decrease risk of its severe forms, complications and mortality.

[The influence of 2,4-dinitrophenol on the temperature effect of muscle contraction in experimental hyperthyroidism]. / Vliianie 2,4-dinitrofenola na temperaturnyi éffekt myshechnogo sokrashcheniia pri éksperimental'nom gipertireoze.

Experimental hyperthyroidism reduced the force of muscle contraction leaving unaltered the temperature of the contracting skeletal muscles in rats. The thermal effect therefore was increased as per the unit of developing force. Administration of 2,4-dinitrophenol increased the temperature effect in intact rats and exerted no influence in the hyperthyroid animals.

[The effect of experimental hyper- and athyroidism on the temperature dependence of some physiological reactions]. / Vliianie éksperimental'nogo giper- i atireoza na temperaturnuiu zavisimost' nekotorykh fiziologicheskikh reaktsii.

Athyroidism decreased (-42%), hyperthyroidism increased (+11%) the level of temperature dependence of the heart chronotropic function. The data obtained revealed different characteristics of the temperature dependence in white rats in different states of the thyroid gland.

[The combined use of ultrasound and the laser in treating patients with osteomyelitis of the ribs and sternum]. / Sochetannoe primenenie ul'trazvuka i lazera pri lechenii bol'nykh s osteomielitom reber i grudiny.

The article deals with the mechanism of low-frequency ultrasound and low-energy laser radiation beneficial influence on the processes of purulent wounds and cavities cleaning and healing. The authors describe the methods and results of their associated usage in 17 cases of costal and sternal osteomyelitis treatment.

[Streptococcal group A carriage: new data on the characteristics of the biology of the causative agent and of the immune response of the host]. / Nositel'stvo streptokokka gruppy A: novye dannye po kharakteristike biologii vozbuditelia i immunnogo otveta khoziaina.

Carriership of group A streptococcus (A-STR) was registered with significantly greater frequency among children of preschool and early school age (29.8%) than among adults (4.0%). Cultures of A-STR isolated from carriers were characterized by their low capacity for secreting erythrogenic toxin of type A (ET-A), lipoteichoic acid and by lower content of surface proteins than those isolated from tonsillitis and scarlet fever patients. Highly hydrophobic strains of A-STR prevailed in long-time carriers and patients. Elevated immunological characteristics for group-specific polysaccharide A and ET-A were more frequently detected in children than in adults, which correlated with frequency of A-STR carriership in these groups and the capacity of the infective agent to produce ET-A. Some specific features in the character of humoral immune response in carriers, manifested mainly by defects of local immunity (a low level of SIgA to polysaccharide A), were established.

[Antibiotic sensitivity of streptococci of the A, B, C and G serogroups isolated in 1987-1990]. / Chuvstvitel'nost' k antibiotikam streptokokkov serologicheskikh grupp A, B, C, i G, vydelennykh v 1987-1990gg.

Antibiotic susceptibility of 1114 cultures of beta-hemolytic streptococci belonging to serogroups A, B, C and G was tested. The cultures were isolated from healthy and diseased children and adults. Group A, C and G streptococci were shown to be highly susceptible to beta-lactams, erythromycin, lincomycin, chloramphenicol and ristomycin. Erythromycin, lincomycin, ristomycin and ampicillin (a beta-lactam) proved to be the most active antibiotics against group B streptococci. Streptococci of the four groups had low susceptibility to tetracycline and especially gentamicin. The different antibiotic susceptibility of the streptococcal cultures isolated from the diseased and healthy children and adults is discussed.

[Effect of triiodothyronine and isopropyl noradrenaline on the "set-point" temperature in white rats]. / Vliianie triiodtironina i izopropilnoradrenalina na znachenie temperatury "ustanovochnoi tochki" u belykh krys.

It has been shown that in experiments where a negative feed-back method has been used, triiodothyronine and beta-adrenomimetic isopropylnoradrenaline exert a significant influence on the work of the whole system of thermoregulation in white rats. This is observed in an upward displacement of the "set-point" temperature.

[Angina morbidity in an organized collective with a periodic turnover of its personnel]. / Zabolevaemost' anginoi v organizovannom kollektike s periodicheskim obnovleniem ego sostava.

The article studies the average angina morbidity in the military unit during 9 years which resulted in 48.4% (scarlet fever--0.34%). Laboratory diagnostics is needed to make the estimation of streptococcal infection which has an acute respiratory infectious character during its clinical course. Among the whole number of patients 89.2% have come through this illness for one time, 9% twice, and 4.8%--three times. The dynamics of the angina morbidity had a periodical cycle of 2-3 years which was independent from the morbidity cycle of local civilian population. The authors show a statistic dependency between average morbidity index and the quantity of servicemen in one dormitory, its square and volume per one man. Application of "time before illness" index for 24 months made it possible to disclose the phase character in the development of streptococcal infection among personnel of the same call-up period. The general tendency towards reduction of the morbidity index was accompanied with regular upgrades of the infection after each spring or autumn renovation of personnel.

[The nature of the hypermetabolism and tachycardia in cold adaptation and experimental hyperthyroidism]. / Priroda gipermetabolizma i takhikardii pri adaptatsii k kholodu i éksperimental'nom gipertireoze.

The cross circulation method has been used to study contribution of humoral and nonhumoral components to the origin of hypermetabolism (increased level of basal metabolism) and tachycardia under adaptation to cold and experimental hyperthyroidism. Consumption of oxygen, heart rate and rectal temperature have been studied in periods prior to and during the cross circulation. It is shown that under experimental hyperthyroidism contribution of humoral and nonhumoral factors to the origin of hypermetabolism equals 22 and 78%, while that to genesis of tachycardia--44 and 56%, respectively. Under cold adaptation an increase of the basal metabolism level depends on humoral agents by 77% and on changes of the stationary character only by 23%. The nature of adaptation tachycardia is mainly, of the humoral origin (65%).

[The effect of triiodothyronine and catecholamines on the stability of trace effects of cold adaptation in rats]. / Vliianie triiodtironina i katekholaminov na stoikost' sledovykh éffektov kholodovoi adaptatsii u krys.

The role of three-iodine-thyronine, noradrenaline (NA), adrenaline (A), reserpine and propranolol in extinguishing of trace-effects of the long-term cold adaptation was studied in rats. A possibility to control the process of the temperature disadaptation through administration of different hormonal drugs, was shown. Three-iodine-thyronine and NA proved to be the most effective in this respect. Weakening of sympathetic-adrenal effects by means of combined reserpine and propranolol during the disadaptation accelerated the process of extinguishing of practically all the trace-effects of the long-term cold adaptation.