[Critical conditions as a logical and appropriate series of events in iron methabolism disorders (the summary of experimental studies)].

It is revealed that in all models of critical conditions will activate the free-radical oxidation, decreasing the total antioxidant activity, the concentration of transferrin decreases in the serum of the blood, increase of the concentration of ferritin, the theological properties of the blood are violated and the signs of endothelial dysfunction are identified. Pre-entered deferoxamine in the dose of 80 mg/kg reduced the intensity of free-radical oxidation processes, restoring the antioxidant potential, concentration of the transferrin, and a lower level of ferritin, contributed to the normalization of blood theological properties and a reduction of the extent endothelium destruction as a result of the reduction Fe2+ concentration in blood serum.

Detection of circulating stromal stem cells with osteogenic potential in the blood of coronary patients by laser flow cytometry.

The number of cells expressing antigen to osteonectin was appreciably increased in the blood of coronary patients, but no cells of this kind were detected in donors. The number of CD34+ stem cells in these patients virtually did not differ from that in normal subjects. A close relationship between atherosclerosis development and presence of stromal stem cells with osteogenic potential in the blood is hypothesized.

Macrophage-granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and fibroblast growth factor in the blood of patients with hyperlipoproteinemia.

Solid-phase ELISA revealed increased content of macrophage-granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and basic fibroblast growth factor in the serum of hyperlipoproteinemic patients.

Circulating bone marrow osteoclast precursors and osteoclastogenesis in patients with type IIA and IIB hyperlipidemias.

Osteoclasts, the major source of calcium released during bone resorption, and their precursors preosteoclasts derive from bone marrow hemopoietic stem cells, granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units. The factors responsible for commitment of colony-forming units into osteoclast precursors remain unknown. Studies of osteoclastogenesis in cultured blood mononuclear cells from patients with hyperlipidemia accompanied by atherosclerosis and calcification of vessels revealed high content of preosteoclasts in the blood.

[Analysis of the spectra of mutational damage of the 21-hydroxylase gene in patients with adreno-genital syndrome]. / Analiz spektra mutatsionnykh povrezhdenii gena 21-gidroksilazy u bol'nyh s adrenogenital'nym sindromom.

The spectrum of mutations in the steroid 21-hydroxylase gene (CYP21B) and the frequency of 11 mutations among 66 patients with different forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) were analyzed by means of PCR amplification. Each of the CAH forms was characterized by specific spectrum of diagnostically important mutations. The salt-losing (SL) form of the disease was most frequently associated with gene deletion (39%) and the 668-13C-G mutation in the second intron (23.5%), whereas the majority of simple virilizing (SV) CAH cases were associated with the 1172N mutation in exon 4 (22%), gene deletion (16.5%), and the 668-13C-G mutation (16.5%). Mutations in the steroid 21-hydroxylase gene were detected in 70% of the chromosomes from the patients with the SL and SV forms of CAH, and only in 1.3% of the chromosomes from the patients with the nonclassic (NC) form. A total of 78 mutant chromosomes from the NC CAH patients were examined, and only one case of a gene deletion in the heterozygous state was revealed. In the individuals examined, the V281L and P30L mutations described in the NC CAH patients from other populations were not detected. This result can be explained either by the fact that NC CAH cases in Russia are associated with other major mutations, or by difficult clinical diagnosis questionable CAH cases.

[The therapeutic effect of parlodel in the polycystic ovary syndrome]. / Lechebnyi éffekt parlodela pri sindrome polikistoznykh iaichnikov.

Parlodel (2.5-50 mg/day) has been given for 1 to 7 days to 33 patients with the polycystic ovary syndrome (POS). The ovulatory menstrual cycle returned in 10 (30%) patients and 4 of them conceived. Pretreatment cycle disturbance persisted in 6 (18%) patients. Parlodel reduced mid-follicular mean blood LH levels to values of normal women. Some decrease in blood testosterone levels occurred only in the second phase of the cycle. Estradiol test in 6 patients showed normal positive and negative feedbacks in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Parlodel treatment reduced basal and estradiol stimulated pituitary gonadotropin secretion. It is suggested that parlodel may be used in ovulation induction in a proportion of POS patients.

[Effect of methergoline on impulse secretion of gonadotropins in women with hyperprolactinemic ovarian insufficiency]. / Vliianie metergolina na impu'lsnuiu sekretsiiu gonadotropinov u zhenshchin s giperprolaktinemicheskoi nedostatochnos'tiu iaichnikov.

The impact of methergoline, a serotonin antagonist, on the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, estradiol and progesterone was studied in the blood serum of 20 females with hyperprolactinemia-induced ovarian insufficiency who were under a ten-day course of its administration in a dose of 4-12 mg/day. Two patients were studied for gonadotrophin impulse secretion before and during methergoline treatment. It was revealed that the administration of the preparation led to a significant elevation of serum FSH and LH, estradiol and progesterone levels (up to the values characteristic of the preovulation phase) and enhancement of LH impulse secretion by the pituitary body. The possibility of dominant follicle growth and development was stated in the presence of persistent hyperprolactinemia. The authors supposed that the agent's effect was gained due to an enhanced secretion of the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone by the hypothalamus.

[Hemopoietic precursor cells in the intima of the atheromatous human aorta]. / Gemopoéticheskie kletki-predshestvenniki v intime ateromatoznoi aorty cheloveka.

Granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-GM) were found in the intima of human atheromatous aorta. Granulocyte-macrophage colonies were recovered on the 14th day of culturing of intimal cells suspensions on agar. Medium conditioned by normal leukocytes in the presence of phytohaemagglutinin was used as a source of the colony-stimulating factor. Grossly normal and atheromatous intima contained different number of CFU-GM. No GM were recovered from fibrous plaques. By light and electron microscopies, the injured aortic intima contained the clusters of blood-born cells that were at various stages of granulocytopoiesis (including blasts and mature cells) and poorly differentiated lymphocyte-like cells. The results obtained suggest that in human aortic intima proliferation and differentiation of CFU-GM occur at early stages of atherogenesis, prior to fibrous plaque formation.

[Effect of lysozyme on the surface structures of mouse peritoneal macrophages]. / Vliianie lizotsima na poverkhnostnye struktury peritoneal'nykh makrofagov myshei.

Surface structures of the peritoneal macrophages of BALB/c mice treated intramuscularly with various doses of egg lysozyme (0.05 to 50 mg/kg) were studied with scanning electron microscopy. It was shown that the effect of lysozyme on the macrophages significantly depended on the dose of the preparation and the frequency of its use. When used in the subtherapeutic (0.5 mg/kg) and therapeutic (5 mg/kg) single doses, lysozyme promoted detection of heterogeneity of the macrophage population, marked activation of their surface membranes and intensification of intercellular cooperation. The highest level of the lysozyme activating effect on the minor macrophages and lymphocytes was observed after administration of the preparation in a single dose of 5 mg/kg or in a dose of 0.5 mg/kg repeatedly (daily for 7 days). When used in a dose of 5 mg/kg repeatedly or especially in a single dose of 50 mg/kg lysozyme induced smoothing of the surface of the macrophages and lymphocytes. The problems of indirect, direct and immune activation of the macrophages with lysozyme are discussed.

[Morphologic features of the hemo- and lymphomicrocirculatory bed of the myocardium]. / Morfologicheskie osobennosti gemo- i limfomikrotsirkuliatornogo rusla miokarda.

By means of intraorganic impregnation of microvessels, it is possible to reveal simultaneously the hemo- and lymphomicrocirculatory beds in the rat and dog hearts and to analyse morphological peculiarities in all parts of the myocardial microcirculatory bed--arterioles, precapillaries, capillaries, postcapillaries, prevenules, venules. It has been demonstrated that the cardiac hemomicrocirculatory bed possesses certain structural-functional units, common for the whole microvascular bed, precapillary sphincters, metarterioles, as well as capillary "sphincters" and arteriolo-venular anastomoses. Lymphatic microvessels of the myocardium are represented by precapillaries and capillaries, the latter varying in their form. The main structural units of the myocardial lymphatic network are reservoir-like microvessels having an essential capicity; at alteration of systole and diastole they perform the role of a specific pump for smaller lymphatic capillaries. Owing to the morphological data obtained, it is possible to interprete anew the mechanisms of the myocardial lymphatic outflow.

[Effect of prodigiozan on the surface structures of peritoneal macrophages under the scanning electron microscope]. / Izuchenie vliianiia prodigiozana na poverkhnostnye structury peritoneal'nykh makrofagov v skaniruiushchem élektronnom mikroskope.

The surface structures of peritoneal macrophages of mice were investigated with a scanning electron microscope RZEM-500. The study revealed 3 types of the macrophages. Macrophages of type 1 predominated in intact mice. These macrophages are cells rounded or oval in shape with a great number of compact finger-like excresences differing in size and form. In the animals treated with prodigiozan in a single dose of 150 mg/kg, the majority of the macrophages were larger in size and had a changed surface: spread, with many branches, "train", undulated membranes. Formation of a great number of macrophagal and macrophagal-lymphocytic clusters evident of the increased cell cooperation under the effect of prodigiozan was shown. The morphological changes in the surface structures of the macrophages under the effect of prodigiozan in vivo indicate an increase in their functional activity.

[Hypophyseal-adrenocortical system reaction to the prolonged action of low doses of selenomethionine-75Se that form during internal contamination]. / Reaktsiia gipofizarno-adrenkortikal'noi sistemy na dlitel'noe vozdeistvie malykh doz, formiruiushchikhsia pri vnutrennem zarazhenii selenometi-oninom-75Se.

A method of radiometry in vivo was applied to study the regularities attending distribution of the absorbed dose and its formation in the course of one year after the administration of 0.033 muCu/g of selenomethionine-75Se to rats, as well as the functional condition of the adaptive hypophysis-adrenal glands system by the determination of plasma corticosterone. A high tropicity of this preparation to the endocrine system organs was demonstrated. Intensification of the functional activity of the adaptive system was indicated by an increase of the blood plasma corticosterone concentration following the administration of a, radioactive preparation and its statistically significant increase (in comparison with control) 3, 6, and 10 months from the beginning of the experiment. The action of acute stress (histamine and formalin) 10 months after the administration of selenomethionine-75Se caused no sharp elevation of the plasma corticosterone concentration characteristic of control rats, this indicating an extreme strain of the hypophysis-adrenal gland system and its incapacity to respond to additional loads. It is supposed that analysis of functional condition of the adaptive system could serve as the key in the assessment of the biological effect of low radiation doses.