[The relationship of the intensity of antibody formation to the causative agents of diphtheria and tetanus to genetic markers in children vaccinated with adsorbed DPT]. / Sviaz' intensivnosti vyrabotki antitel k vozbuditeliam difterii i stolbniaka s nekotorymi geneticheskimi markerami u detei, vaktsinirovannykh AKDS.

The examination of 99 children immunized with adsorbed DPT vaccine revealed that the intensity of immune response to the diphtheria and tetanus components of the preparation were linked with a number of genetic markers (respectively, HLA-A9, B35, etc.; HLA-A25, B8, etc.) and their combinations. The groups of children with high and low sensitivity include an elevated number of persons with the corresponding titers of antibodies of other specificity. The results obtained in this study should be considered in working out individual immunization schedules.

[Chromosome aberration levels and their dynamics during the treatment with cytotoxic preparations of patients with primary and lupus glomerulonephritis]. / Urovni aberratsii khromosom i ikh dinamika pri lechenii preparatami tsitotoksicheskogo deistviia u bol'nykh pervichnym i volchanochnym glomerulonefritom.

As many as 96 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) and 25 with lupus glomerulonephritis (LGN) were examined for chromosomal aberrations (CA) in peripheral blood lymphocytes in different clinical variants and morphological forms of CGN and LGN as well as for their dynamics under the influence of cytotoxic drugs. In patients with active CGN and LGN, chromosomal instability may develop. The treatment with cyclophosphamide in a dose of 2.0-2.5 mg/kg/day appreciably increases chromosomal instability the level of which rises progressively with the treatment period increase. The treatment with azathioprine in a dose of 1.5-2.0 mg/kg/day is not associated with a noticeable increment of the rate of CA. The studies of the level of CA can be used for estimating CGN and LGN activity. Chronic renal failure did not change the level of CA either in CGN or in LGN. In different morphological forms of glomerulonephritis, the rate of CA was determined by the clinical variant of the disease. In order to reduce potential complications provoked by the treatment with cytotoxic drugs, dynamic studies of the CA rate should be carried out in addition to the conventional tests.

[Chromosome aberrations in chronic and lupus glomerulonephritis ]. / Aberratsii khromosom pri khronicheskom i volchanochnom glomerulonefrite.

The levels of aberration of chromosomes in peripheral blood leucocytes were investigated in patients with chronic and lupoid glomerulonephritis considering the clinical variants and morphological forms of the disease. In chronic glomerulonephritis high levels of chromosome aberration were found in patients with nephrotic type; in lupoid glomerulonephritis the frequency of chromosome aberration was higher in patients with active glomerulonephritis. Chronic renal failure did not essentially change the level of chromosome aberration both in chronic and lupoid glomerulonephritis. In different morphological forms of glomerulonephritis the frequency of chromosome aberration was determined by the clinical variant of the disease.

[The results of multiyear observations on the duration of the maintenance of immunity in those vaccinated and revaccinated against and recovered from measles]. / Rezul'taty mnogoletnikh nabliudenii za dlitel'nost'iu sokhraneniia immuniteta u vaktsinirovannykh, revaktsinirovannykh i perebolevshikh kor'iu.

The results of 5-year observations on the duration of immunity to measles virus in persons vaccinated and revaccinated against measles, as well as in persons having had this infection, are presented. The intensity of immunity was determined in the same persons with the use of the passive hemagglutination test. The study revealed differences in the formation, intensity and duration of postvaccinal immunity. A significant decrease in the concentration of antibodies over the period of 5 years was established in 50.0-52.3% of vaccines. Revaccination with live measles vaccine is an effective measure for enhancing immunity to measles virus in persons with initial antibody titers less than 1:10-1:20, but revaccination made in a single injection is not sufficient for the stable maintenance of measles morbidity at the sporadic level. Postinfectious immunity is characterized by stability and has no tendency towards decrease. Persons having had measles have no need in additional measures irrespective of the time elapsed after the disease.

[The value of determining antibodies to DNA in patients with purulent diseases of the lungs]. / Znachenie opredeleniia antitel k DNK u bol'nykh s nagnoitel'nymi zabolevaniiami legkikh.

Anti-DNA antibody titers are elevated in the patients with purulent diseases of the lungs and antibodies to nDNA appear that are undetectable in normal subjects. These data correlate with the inflammatory process activity in the lungs, with the diameter of the decayed cavity, disease duration, and efficacy of therapy. Dynamic titration of antibodies to DNA (particularly nDNA) over the course of the disease appears to be an important prognostic test reflecting the stability of autoimmune impairments and the efficacy of the therapeutic scheme used in the treatment of patients with purulent diseases of the lungs.

[Levamisole and splenin in combined therapy of patients with bronchiectasis]. / Levamizol i splenin v kompleksnoi terapii bol'nykh bronkhoéktaticheskoi bolezn'iu.

Follow-up of 114 patients with bronchiectasis has demonstrated that immunomodulation agents levamisole and splenin included in combined treatment augment their therapeutic effect and normalize the immune status of patients. This is manifested by normalization of the amount and functional activity to T-lymphocytes, the content of IgG, IgM and IgA and the autoimmune shifts. A favourable effect was encountered significantly more often than that in patient who were treated by the traditional methods without the use of the immunomodulation agents and in those who were given only levamisole and splenin together with anti-bacterial and hygienic therapy.

[Comparative characteristics of immunologic indices in patients with lung abscesses and viral hepatitis]. / Sravnitel'naia kharakteristika nekotorykh immunologicheskikh pokazatelei u bol'nykh s abtsessami legkikh i virusnym gepatitom.

A study of the immunological status in 52 patients with acute and 20 patients with chronic abscesses of the lungs, 86 patients with viral hepatitis revealed disorders of the immunological reactivity of a quantitative character with monotypic immune response. In autoimmune disorders it is necessary to carry out immunocorrection. In chronic forms immunocorrection should be considered the main treatment method.

[Epidemiological and immunological features of tetanus under conditions of long-term planned vaccine prophylaxis]. / Epidemiologicheskie i immunologicheskie osobennosti stolbianka v usloviiakh mnogoletnei planovoi vaktsinoprofilaktiki.

The introduction of mass immunization against tetanus has resulted in the decrease of morbidity rate (5.2 times), the leveling of morbidity rate among the urban and rural population and among males and females, though no essential effect on the seasonal distribution of tetanus morbidity has been observed. Persons over 50 years of age (housewives and pensioners) have become the main groups of risk at the post-immunization period. Mass immunization against tetanus over a period of many years has ensured the existence of a sufficient immune stratum (89.9 +/- 3.0% to 100 +/- 3.0%) and a sufficient level of antitoxic immunity (means geom equal to 6.72-9.6 I.U./ml) among children. Among adults, the proportion of persons protected from tetanus decreases in older age groups from 82.1 +/- 1.3% in persons aged 31-40 years to 22.1 +/- 2.0% in persons over 60 years. The observed differences between the coverage of the population with immunization and the proportion of persons having protective titers of tetanus antibodies require constant control of the intensity of immunity and its correction with regard to its initial level, especially in persons of older age groups.

[Effectiveness of immunizing donors with adsorbed tetanus anatoxin in relation to their genetic markers]. / Effektivnost' immunizatsii donorov adsorbirovannym stolbniachnym anatoksinom v zavisimosti ot nekotorykh geneticheskikh markerov.

Blood groups, including rhesus grouping, have been determined in 218 donors and HLA of loci A, B, C in 121 donors immunized with adsorbed tetanus toxoid (40 binding units). The presence of HLA Aw 32, B 8; HLA Bw 16, haplotypes A3 Bw 16 and A1, blank antigens of locus C is linked with the production of, respectively, high or low (less than or equal to 16 I.U./ml) antibody titers. The effectiveness of immunization is influenced by agglutinogen B, which is confirmed by its associations (in a complex with HLA Bw 16 or Bw 35) with low immune response.

[Experience with the methodological guidance of the on-the-job training of epidemiology graduates]. / Opyt metodicheskogo rukovodstva stazhirovkoi vypusnikov épidemiologicheskogo profilia.

Seven-year experience in the methodological guidance of the post-graduate specialization of medical graduates specializing in epidemiology has made it possible for the authors to come to the conclusion on the positive role of the on-the-job training of young specialists for a year after graduation, which is manifested by a shorter time necessary for their professional formation, the development of their capacity for making scientifically grounded, active solutions of practical problems. At the same time some defects, difficulties, and unsolved problems of on-the-job training have been revealed. The authors propose to organize internship also for this category of medical specialists and to carry out the specialization of all sanitary inspectors on the basis of "clinical" sanitary and epidemiological stations.