[The present-day epidemiology: challenges of public health and possibilities to settle them: the publications review].

Actually, the epidemiology is a dynamically developing medical science located at the intersection of social and biological branches of knowledge and bio-informatics. The new sources of data, the new methods create unique opportunities for epidemiologist. The number of epidemiological studies carrying out at the junction of several adjacent disciplines is increasing that requires harmonious interaction of specialists of different branches of medical knowledge. The change of the structure of global mortality towards chronic non-communicable diseases significantly affected the vector of epidemiological studies. Many interventional epidemiological projects are targeted to evaluation of effectiveness of new methods of prevention of cardiovascular, metabolic and oncological diseases. However, in recent years, the fight against unremembered infections affecting about 1 billion of people and taking away lives of 0.5 million people annually gained new importance. The current COVID-19 pandemic also affected epidemiology of communicable and chronic non-communicable diseases. Great attention is also currently attended to studying influence of social, economic and environmental factors on human health. The increase of average life expectancy of population contributes to development of epidemiology of the elderly. The new projects are initiated in the field of pharmacoepidemiology targeted to studying effectiveness of medications. The review of national and foreign publications considering current trends and achievements in the field of epidemiology. The reference retrieval engines such as PubMed, Google Scholar, CyberLeninka were used. The current directions of epidemiological research are analyzed. The challenges and development prospects of development of modern epidemiology are highlighted.

Thermodynamics and Equations of State of Iron to 350 GPa and 6000 K.

The equations of state for solid (with bcc, fcc, and hcp structures) and liquid phases of Fe were defined via simultaneous optimization of the heat capacity, bulk moduli, thermal expansion, and volume at room and higher temperatures. The calculated triple points at the phase diagram have the following parameters: bcc-fcc-hcp is located at 7.3 GPa and 820 K, bcc-fcc-liquid at 5.2 GPa and 1998 K, and fcc-hcp-liquid at 106.5 GPa and 3787 K. At conditions near the fcc-hcp-liquid triple point, the Clapeyron slope of the fcc-liquid curve is dT/dP = 12.8 K/GPa while the slope of the hcp-liquid curve is higher (dT/dP = 13.7 K/GPa). Therefore, the hcp-liquid curve overlaps the metastable fcc-liquid curve at pressures of about 160 GPa. At high-pressure conditions, the metastable bcc-hcp curve is located inside the fcc-Fe or liquid stability field. The density, adiabatic bulk modulus and P-wave velocity of liquid Fe calculated up to 328.9 GPa at adiabatic temperature conditions started from 5882 K (outer/inner core boundary) were compared to the PREM seismological model. We determined the density deficit of hcp-Fe at the inner core boundary (T = 5882 K and P = 328.9 GPa) to be 4.4%.

[Role of prostaglandins in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma in children and possibilities in therapeutic treatment]. / Papel de las prostaglandinas en la patogenia del asma bronquial en los niños y posibilidades en el tratamiento terapéutico.

During the past few years, in relation to study of prostaglandins, biochemical active lipids recently identified, a large quantity of physiological and pathological processes involving these compounds have been described. Convincing data confirm the regulation of the tone of smooth trachea and bronchial muscles by these substances. In this sense and within the pathological states of the respiratory system, bronchial asthma is of special interest. Recently, a detailed description of the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma, and particularly of this atypical form, has been investigated. Classic mediators of anaphylaxis, such as histamin, SRS-A, serotonin, acetylcholin, etc., have important roles in the pathogeny. Fewer works, however, have been dedicated to the study of prostaglandins and the results obtained are often contradictory. In this study, the importance of prostaglandins E, F-2 alpha, A and B are investigated in 84 patients with a diagnosis of bronchial asthma. Their ages varies between 2 and 11 years. 51 suffered from the atypical form, 11 from infectious form and 22 the mixed form. To diagnose each case, detailed anamnesis and clinical tests were carried out as well as cutaneous tests with non bacterial and fungous allergens. The RAST technique and total levels of IgE were also used. The control group of 45 children were studied in the same way. With regard to the results obtained, during the intercrisis period a rise in PGF2-alpha and a decrease in PGE could be observed. During the crisis period, an even greater rise in the concentration of PGF2-alpha and a lesser of increase of PGE were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Main mechanisms of therapeutic action in atopic asthma in children.

Immunological disorders are clearly demonstrated in children suffering from the atopic form of bronchial asthma, namely increase in the levels of total and specific IgE and a decrease in the number of T cells. Specific hyposensitization produces, in addition to a good clinical effect, an immunomodulating action which is not restricted to the formation of blocking antibodies but is displayed also by T cell stimulation. Our studies revealed a reduction in the level of prostaglandins E and increase in the content of prostaglandins F-2 as well as a decrease in the cAMP levels in blood serum and urine in the period free of attacks; the demonstrated effect of Euphylline, Intal and Zaditen on these values confirms the expediency of introducing these agents into the therapeutic complex.