[Myoclonus of the middle ear]. / Mioklonus myshts srednego ukha.

The objective of the present study was to overview the foreign literature concerning middle ear myoclonus (MEM) known to be the most common cause of the manifestations of objective tinnitus. The authors reports two typical clinical cases of myoclonus of the middle ear. The present article is aimed at the enhancement of the awareness of the otorhinolaryngologists, audiologists, and neurologists of the condition of interest as a way to promote the further progress in its treatment.

[The modern view of the radiodiagnostic methods applied for determining the position of the electrode array in cochlear implantation surgery]. / Sovremennyi vzgliad na metody luchevoi diagnostiki, primeniaemye dlia opredeleniia polozheniia élektrodnoi reshetki pri kokhlearnoi implantatsii.

The objective of the present work was to overview the currently available literature publications dealing with the radiodiagnostic techniques applied to evaluate the position of the electrode array used for the purpose of cochlear implantation surgery including both the conventional methods and the recently proposed approaches. It is shown that the intraoperative control guarantees the timely identification of the possible complications and should meet both the safety criteria and the requirements for obtaining high-quality images and intraoperative usability of the surgical instruments being employed. Moreover, the intraoperative monitoring can be exercised under control of fluoroscopy as well as with the use of the portable computed radiography scanners and navigation systems. The postoperative monitoring is carried out with the use of transorbital X ray visualization, multi-slice computed tomography, cone beam computed tomography, and digital tomosynthesis. Each of the listed methods has specific advantages and disadvantages, but there is yet neither a universally recognized systematic approach to the assessment of their effectiveness nor the generally acceptable criteria for the evaluation of the image quality.

[The psychogenic hearing disorders in the children and adolescents]. / Psikhogennoe narushenie slukha u detei i podrostkov.

The psychogenic loss of hearing is characterized by its impairment in the absence of anatomically and physiologically significant changes. These disorders are poorly represented in the scientific literature in comparison with the organic lesions. They are especially frequently overlooked in the children and adolescents. The objective of the present review was to analyze the literature publications concerning this problem and to report two clinical observations of the pathology in question. It is concluded that the clinically significant discrepancy between the audiological symptoms and the results obtained by the objective methods for hearing evaluation should be interpreted with great caution and raise the suspicion of the disease. The diagnosis and the identification of the involved psychogenic factors are of utmost importance for the success of the treatment.