PCM1 conveys centrosome asymmetry to polarized endosome dynamics in regulating daughter cell fate.

Vertebrate radial glia progenitors (RGPs), the principal neural stem cells, balance self-renewal and differentiation through asymmetric cell division (ACD), during which unequal inheritance of centrosomes is observed. Mechanistically, how centrosome asymmetry leads to distinct daughter cell fate remains largely unknown. Here we find that the centrosome protein Pericentriolar Material 1 (Pcm1), asymmetrically distributed at the centrosomes, regulates polarized endosome dynamics and RGP fate. In vivo time-lapse imaging and nanoscale-resolution expansion microscopy of zebrafish embryonic RGPs detect Pcm1 on Notch ligand-containing endosomes, in a complex with the polarity regulator Par-3 and dynein motor. Loss of pcm1 disrupts endosome dynamics, with clonal analysis uncovering increased neuronal production at the expense of progenitors. Pcm1 facilitates an exchange of Rab5b (early) for Rab11a (recycling) endosome markers and promotes the formation of Par-3 and dynein macromolecular complexes on recycling endosomes. Finally, in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived brain organoids, PCM1 shows asymmetry and co-localization with PARD3 and RAB11A in mitotic neural progenitors. Our data reveal a new mechanism by which centrosome asymmetry is conveyed by Pcm1 to polarize endosome dynamics and Notch signaling in regulating ACD and progenitor fate.

Systematic triage and treatment of earthquake victims: Our experience in a tertiary hospital after the 2023 Kahramanmaras earthquake.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits of our triage system in acceleration of intervention for the musculoskeletal injuries and clinical follow-ups of trauma patients admitted to our center after the Kahramanmaras earthquake. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between February 6th, 2023 and February 20th, 2023, a total of 439 patients (207 males, 232 females; mean age: 37.1±19.1 years; range, 1 to 94 years) with earthquake-related musculoskeletal injuries after the Kahramanmaras earthquake were retrospectively analyzed. Data including age, sex, referral city information, removal time from the rubbles, physical examination findings, clinical photos, fasciotomy and amputation stumps and levels, and X-ray images and computed tomography images of all patients were shared and archived in the WhatsApp (Meta Platforms, Inc.® ATTN/CA, USA) group called 'Earthquake' created by orthopedic surgeons. To complete the patient interventions as soon as possible and to ensure order, the patients were distributed with the teams in order through this group by the consultant orthopedic surgeon. The treatments were applied and recorded according to the skin and soft tissue conditions, and fractures of the patients. All treatments were carried out with a multi-disciplinary approach. RESULTS: Of the patients, 16.2% were children. Lower limb injuries constituted 59.07% of musculoskeletal injuries. Upper limb, pelvic, and spinal cord injuries were observed in 21.9%, 12.7%, and 6.25%, respectively. Conservative treatment was applied to 183 (41.68%) patients. The most common surgical intervention was debridement (n=136, 53.1%). External fixation was applied in the first stage to 21 (8.2%) patients with open fractures. The mean removal time from the rubbles was 32.1±29.38 h. A total of 118 limb fasciotomy operations were applied to the patients. Fifty limb amputations were performed in 40 patients at the last follow-up due to vascular insufficiency and infection. CONCLUSION: Based on our study results, we believe that a triage system using a good communication and organization strategy is beneficial to prevent treatment delay and possible adverse events in future disasters.

OME-Zarr: a cloud-optimized bioimaging file format with international community support.

A growing community is constructing a next-generation file format (NGFF) for bioimaging to overcome problems of scalability and heterogeneity. Organized by the Open Microscopy Environment (OME), individuals and institutes across diverse modalities facing these problems have designed a format specification process (OME-NGFF) to address these needs. This paper brings together a wide range of those community members to describe the cloud-optimized format itself-OME-Zarr-along with tools and data resources available today to increase FAIR access and remove barriers in the scientific process. The current momentum offers an opportunity to unify a key component of the bioimaging domain-the file format that underlies so many personal, institutional, and global data management and analysis tasks.

Adrenal lesion classification with abdomen caps and the effect of ROI size.

Accurate classification of adrenal lesions on magnetic resonance (MR) images are very important for diagnosis and treatment planning. The detection and classification of lesions in medical imaging heavily rely on several key factors, including the specialist's level of experience, work intensity, and fatigue of the clinician. These factors are critical determinants of the accuracy and effectiveness of the diagnostic process, which in turn has a direct impact on patient health outcomes. With the spread of artificial intelligence, the use of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems in disease diagnosis has also increased. In this study, adrenal lesion classification was performed using deep learning on MR images. The data set used was obtained from the Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, and all adrenal lesions were identified and reviewed in consensus by two radiologists experienced with abdominal MR. Studies were carried out on two different data sets created by T1- and T2-weighted MR images. The data set consisted of 112 benign and 10 malignant lesions for each mode. Experiments were performed with regions of interest (ROIs) of different sizes to increase the working performance. Thus, the effect of the selected ROI size on the classification performance was assessed. In addition, instead of the convolutional neural network (CNN) models used in deep learning, a unique classification model structure called Abdomen Caps was proposed. When the data sets used in classification studies are manually separated for training, validation, and testing, different results are obtained with different data sets for each stage. To eliminate this imbalance, tenfold cross-validation was used in this study. The best results obtained were 0.982, 0.999, 0.969, 0.983, 0.998, and 0.964 for accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, area under the curve (AUC) score, and kappa score, respectively.

OME-Zarr: a cloud-optimized bioimaging file format with international community support.

A growing community is constructing a next-generation file format (NGFF) for bioimaging to overcome problems of scalability and heterogeneity. Organized by the Open Microscopy Environment (OME), individuals and institutes across diverse modalities facing these problems have designed a format specification process (OME-NGFF) to address these needs. This paper brings together a wide range of those community members to describe the cloud-optimized format itself -- OME-Zarr -- along with tools and data resources available today to increase FAIR access and remove barriers in the scientific process. The current momentum offers an opportunity to unify a key component of the bioimaging domain -- the file format that underlies so many personal, institutional, and global data management and analysis tasks.

DaXi-high-resolution, large imaging volume and multi-view single-objective light-sheet microscopy.

The promise of single-objective light-sheet microscopy is to combine the convenience of standard single-objective microscopes with the speed, coverage, resolution and gentleness of light-sheet microscopes. We present DaXi, a single-objective light-sheet microscope design based on oblique plane illumination that achieves: (1) a wider field of view and high-resolution imaging via a custom remote focusing objective; (2) fast volumetric imaging over larger volumes without compromising image quality or necessitating tiled acquisition; (3) fuller image coverage for large samples via multi-view imaging and (4) higher throughput multi-well imaging via remote coverslip placement. Our instrument achieves a resolution of 450 nm laterally and 2 µm axially over an imaging volume of 3,000 × 800 × 300 µm. We demonstrate the speed, field of view, resolution and versatility of our instrument by imaging various systems, including Drosophila egg chamber development, zebrafish whole-brain activity and zebrafish embryonic development - up to nine embryos at a time.

Democratising deep learning for microscopy with ZeroCostDL4Mic.

Deep Learning (DL) methods are powerful analytical tools for microscopy and can outperform conventional image processing pipelines. Despite the enthusiasm and innovations fuelled by DL technology, the need to access powerful and compatible resources to train DL networks leads to an accessibility barrier that novice users often find difficult to overcome. Here, we present ZeroCostDL4Mic, an entry-level platform simplifying DL access by leveraging the free, cloud-based computational resources of Google Colab. ZeroCostDL4Mic allows researchers with no coding expertise to train and apply key DL networks to perform tasks including segmentation (using U-Net and StarDist), object detection (using YOLOv2), denoising (using CARE and Noise2Void), super-resolution microscopy (using Deep-STORM), and image-to-image translation (using Label-free prediction - fnet, pix2pix and CycleGAN). Importantly, we provide suitable quantitative tools for each network to evaluate model performance, allowing model optimisation. We demonstrate the application of the platform to study multiple biological processes.

Is pelvic mapping applicable in iliosacral screw fixation to determine screw entry point and screw trajectory?

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to investigate if pelvic mapping is applicable in iliosacral screw fixation to determine screw entry point and screw trajectory. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Clinical files and images of 16 patients (10 males, 6 females; mean age 35 years; range, 20 to 57 years) who underwent iliosacral screw fixation due to sacroiliac joint injury and sacrum fracture were retrospectively reviewed. Pelvic mapping was performed using preoperative tomography images of the patients and appropriate screw entry point and trajectory were determined. Postoperative computed tomography scans of all patients were obtained and these were used to evaluate the accuracy of the screw position. RESULTS: No intraoperative complications occurred. The entry points and trajectory of the screws were compatible for all patients pre- and postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Mapping of the pelvis is a method that can be used for preoperative planning of iliosacral screwing.

The effects of different syringe volume, needle size and sample volume on blood gas analysis in syringes washed with heparin.

INTRODUCTION: We evaluated the effect of different syringe volume, needle size and sample volume on blood gas analysis in syringes washed with heparin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this multi-step experimental study, percent dilution ratios (PDRs) and final heparin concentrations (FHCs) were calculated by gravimetric method for determining the effect of syringe volume (1, 2, 5 and 10 mL), needle size (20, 21, 22, 25 and 26 G) and sample volume (0.5, 1, 2, 5 and 10 mL). The effect of different PDRs and FHCs on blood gas and electrolyte parameters were determined. The erroneous results from nonstandardized sampling were evaluated according to RiliBAK's TEa. RESULTS: The increase of PDRs and FHCs was associated with the decrease of syringe volume, the increase of needle size and the decrease of sample volume: from 2.0% and 100 IU/mL in 10 mL-syringe to 7.0% and 351 IU/mL in 1 mL-syringe; from 4.9% and 245 IU/mL in 26G to 7.6% and 380 IU/mL in 20 G with combined 1 mL syringe; from 2.0% and 100 IU/mL in full-filled sample to 34% and 1675 IU/mL in 0.5 mL suctioned sample into 10 mL-syringe. There was no statistical difference in pH; but the percent decreasing in pCO2,, K+, iCa2+, iMg2+; the percent increasing in pO2 and Na+ were statistical significance compared to samples full-filled in syringes. The all changes in pH and pO2 were acceptable; but the changes in pCO2, Na+, K+ and iCa2+ were unacceptable according to TEa limits except fullfilled-syringes. CONCLUSIONS: The changes in PDRs and FHCs due nonstandardized sampling in syringe washed with liquid heparin give rise to erroneous test results for pCO2 and electrolytes.

Effect of levothyroxine replacement therapy on paraoxonase-1 and carotid intima-media thickness in subclinical hypothyroidism.

BACKGROUND: Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) may play an important role in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease and C-reactive protein is a marker for inflammation. The aim of this study was to determine serum PON-1 activity and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels and assess carotid intima-media thickness, a marker of early atherosclerotic changes, in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. MATERIAL/METHODS: hs-CRP concentrations and PON-1 activity with respect to carotid intima-media thickness were evaluated in 38 subclinical hypothyroidism patients (normolipidemic, mean age: 49.79+/-10.04 years) before and after 3 months of stable euthyroidism and compared with those of 19 euthyroid normolipidemic healthy individuals (mean age: 49.95+/-8.12 years). RESULTS: At baseline, the patients with subclinical hypothyroidism had similar levels of PON-1 activity and hs-CRP and a similar lipid profile as the controls; however, the carotid intima-media thickness was greater than in the controls. Levothyroxine treatment had no effect on serum PON-1 activity and hs-CRP level, but it resulted in a significant reduction in carotid intima-media thickness in the subclinical hypothyroidism patients. CONCLUSIONS: PON-1 activity and hs-CRP levels did not significantly differ between subclinical hypothyroid patients and controls. Although levothyroxine treatment might have the potential to reverse the progression of atherosclerosis in subclinical hypothyroid patients, PON-1 activity and hs-CRP levels were not affected by this treatment. The reduction in carotid intima-media thickness was independent of the decrease in serum lipid profile or other variables.

Prospective comparison of tissue trauma after laparoscopic hysterectomy types with retroperitoneal lateral transsection of uterine vessels using ligasure and abdominal hysterectomy.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of tissue trauma after laparoscopic and total laparoscopic hysterectomy with retroperitoneal lateral transsection of uterine vessels using ligasure as compared with abdominal hysterectomy. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 45 women with various indications for hysterectomy were randomized into laparoscopic hysterectomy, total laparoscopic hysterectomy and abdominal hysterectomy. Laparoscopic and total laparoscopic hysterectomy with retroperitoneal lateral transsection of uterine vessels was performed by four-puncture laparoscopy and pre-, postoperative and postoperative 24th hour levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP), the mean operative time, drop in hemoglobin concentration, weight of removed uterus, VAS scores, hospitalization period and major and minor operative complications were analyzed prospectively. RESULTS: CRP and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in the abdominal hysterectomy group compared to either laparoscopy groups at the postoperative 24th hour. There were no significant differences in the levels of CRP and IL-6 between the two laparoscopy groups. The longest operative times were observed in the total laparoscopic hysterectomy group. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic surgery causes less tissue trauma than the conventional open surgery; however, we observed no difference between the laparoscopic hysterectomy groups concerning the postoperative inflammatory response. We may prefer laparoscopic hysterectomy instead of total laparoscopic hysterectomy under suitable conditions, since laparoscopic hysterectomy causes the same level of tissue trauma as total laparoscopic hysterectomy, but has the advantage of a significantly shorter operative time. Meanwhile, hysterectomy done by laparoscopy with retroperitoneal lateral transsection of uterine vessels using ligasure is an effective and safe procedure.

Plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance levels in subclinical hypothyroidism.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) levels in subclinical hypothyroidism and to examine the effect of levothyroxine replacement on TBARS levels. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cohort of 28 female patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and 24 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The levels of plasma TBARS, serum lipids, and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism at baseline and after achieving euthyroid state by levothyroxine were assessed. RESULTS: TBARS levels of the patients were similar to those of the control group in the subclinical hypothyroid state and after restoration of euthyroidism by levothyroxine replacement. TBARS levels decreased after levothyroxine treatment, but did not reach statistical significance. There was no significant correlation between TBARS, lipid and CRP levels. Serum CRP levels were higher in subclinical hypothyroidism (4.28 +/- 0.9 mg/l) than in the control group (1.95 +/- 0.34 mg/l) and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.03). After achieving euthyroid state, CRP levels decreased significantly in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism from 4.28 +/- 0.9 to 2.32 +/- 0.6 mg/l (p = 0.006). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that there is no significant alteration of plasma TBARS levels neither in subclinical hypothyroid state nor after achieving euthyroid state. Serum CRP level is higher in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism than in the control group. Normalization of thyroid state seems to effectively reduce serum CRP levels in subclinical hypothyroidism without any correlation with TBARS activity.

[Evaluation of specialist training in basic sciences in two university medical schools: perspectives from both specialist residents and trainers]. / Ege ve dokuz eylul Universitesi tip fakültelerinde temel tip bilimlerinde uygulanan uzmanlik egitiminin egitici ve egitilen BAkis açisi ile degerlendirilmesi.

A questionnaire survey has been undertaken to evaluate the specialist training in basic sciences in view of both specialist residents (SpRs) and trainers of two university medical schools in Izmir, Turkey. Seventy four SpRs (39 from Dokuz Eylül and 35 from Ege Universities) and 15 basic science units (8 from Dokuz Eyül and 7 from Ege Universities) were joined in this survey. The response rate was 73% for SpRs and 86.7% for basic science units. Technical equipments, the number of trainers, education programmes and training equipments of basic science units have been found adequate both by SpRs and trainers. However, professional education has been found incapable. In basic science units, it was seen that the SpRs are permanently assessed and attended the investigation activities during educational process. The trainers expressed that the SpRs have got training knowledge, skills and attitute sufficiently, but SpRs answered that they have got them in moderate means. In conclusion, although the training programmes of SpRs in both of the university hospitals have been found competent, SpRs indicated that there is a need for development of trainers quality, assessing methods and rotational education programmes in basic science.

[Specialist training in basic sciences in university hospitals: specialist resident perspective]. / Universite hastanelerinde temel bilimler alaninda uzmanlik egitimi: tipta uzmanlik ögrencisi bakis açisi ile.

In this study, a questionnaire survey including 56 questions and 154 variables has been undertaken for 74 specialist residents (SpRs) (39 from Dokuz Eylül and 35 from Ege Universities) who have been training in the two university hospitals of Izmir, for the detection of the structure of the actual training programmes, trainer profiles and technical institute equipments in the departments of Basic Sciences, Medical Pathology and Pharmacology. By using this survey, SpRs' demographic informations, training programmes, theoretical and skill activites, educational atmospheres, the trainers' profiles, assessments, audits and professionel developments have been questionned. The rate of response was 71%, and educational programmes, training and technical equipments, efficacy and number of the trainers were found satisfactory in each one of the universities. It has been detected that, the SpRs were permanently assessed and they were able to get training knowledges, skills and attitutes and attend investigation activities during their educational process. This survey study indicated that the training programmes, institute equipments and trainer profiles of the universities were competent for the SpRs'.