Proper pertussis vaccination will probably not increase vaccination coverage: a case-control study.

Vaccination coverage (VC) against pertussis can increase when management practices and policies at primary care centres (PCCs) are reinforced. From 2011 to 2015, we performed a case-control study to evaluate VC among pertussis patients treated at PCCs in Barcelona, Spain. We recorded pertussis in patients from 8- to 16-year-olds at 52 PCCs. Pertussis cases had laboratory diagnostic and controls were healthy outpatients visiting the same facility for reasons other than cough. DTaP/dTap VC was recorded as either proper vaccination status (five doses recorded) or improper vaccination status (<5 doses recorded). We used a logistic regression model to estimate OR and 95% CI. We included 229 cases and 576 controls. VC was higher in cases (mean 5.01, s.e.: 0.57) than in controls (4.89, s.e.: 0.73). Around 69% of the cases had received DTaP primary immunisation after 2-5 years and 31.4% of cases had the dTap booster immunisation after 7-10 years. The 87% of children 5-9 years were properly vaccinated. We found no protection from becoming ill among properly vaccinated children (OR 1.87; 95% CI 1.22-2.85). The highest VC was observed in patients with confirmed pertussis, which was likely due to a more exhaustive follow-up of the VC in these patients. Being properly vaccinated against pertussis will probably not increase VC.

Probiotic Lactobacillus Strains Stimulate the Inflammatory Response and Activate Human Macrophages.

Lactobacilli have been shown to promote health functions. In this study, we analyzed the mechanism by which four different strains of probiotics affected innate immunity, such as regulation of ROS, cytokines, phagocytosis, bactericidal activity, signaling by NF-κB pp65, and TLR2 activation. The production of ROS was dependent on the concentration and species of Lactobacillus. The results obtained from the tested strains (Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, L. rhamnosus KLSD, L. helveticus IMAU70129, and L. casei IMAU60214) showed that strains induced early proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-8,TNF-α, IL-12p70, and IL-6. However, IL-1ß expression was induced only by L. helveticus and L. casei strains (after 24 h stimulation). Phagocytosis and bactericidal activity of macrophages against various pathogens, such as S. aureus, S. typhimurium, and E. coli, were increased by pretreatment with Lactobacillus. The nuclear translocation NF-κB pp65 and TLR2-dependent signaling were also increased by treatment with the probiotics. Taken together, the experiments demonstrate that probiotic strains of Lactobacillus exert early immunostimulatory effects that may be directly linked to the initial inflammation of the response of human macrophages.

Terapia ocupacional: profesión idónea dentro de las estrategias de orientación vocacional en la educación media: revisión de literatura / Occupational therapy: ideal profession inside the strategies of vocational guidance in the secondary education: literature review

La orientación vocacional es reconocida como un proceso dinámico, dirigido al conocimiento de aspectos personales para elegir una profesión, guiado por un profesional. Objetivo: Identificar las estrategias implementadas en los programas de orientación vocacional y los aportes que puede realizar el terapeuta ocupacional. Metodología: Se exponen publicaciones dadas en el período 2000 al 2015, presentes en bases de datos electrónicas como ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost, Proquest y Scopus. Resultados: Se hallaron 1059 artículos durante la búsqueda inicial, nueve de ellos cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión establecidos. Conclusión: Se identifica el componente teórico y normativo de la terapia ocupacional y su importancia en la participación de los programas de orientación vocacional en la educación media.

Vocational guidance are recognized as a dynamic process, directed to knowledge of personal aspects to choose a profession, guided by a professional. Objective: To identify the strategies implemented in the programs of vocational guidance and the contributions that can make the Occupational Therapist. Methodology: Publications given in the period 2000 to 2015 are presented in electronic databases such as ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost, Proquest and Scopus. Results: They were found 1059 articles during the initial search, 9 of them met the inclusion and exclusion criteria established. Conclusion: Identifies the theoretical component and normative of the Occupational Therapy and its importance in the participation of vocational guidance programs in secondary education.

Correlación de la concentración sérica de ácido úrico en pacientes con preeclampsia severa en la unidad de cuidados intensivos / Correlation of serum uric acid concentration in patients with severe preeclampsia in the intensive care unit

Resumen OBJETIVOS: determinar si las concentraciones séricas de ácido úrico se correlacionan con la preeclampsia severa, exponer la presentación clínica, morbilidad y mortalidad materno y fetal en pacientes hospitalizadas en la unidad de cuidados intensivos. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: estudio transversal, retrolectivo y descriptivo al que se incluyeron pacientes con embarazo mayor de 20 semanas de gestación, con reporte de concentraciones séricas de ácido úrico al ingreso al hospital, con diagnóstico establecido de preeclampsia severa e ingresadas a la unidad de cuidados intensivos. Los datos se reunieron en una hoja de Excel 2010 y el análisis estadístico se efectuó en el programa SPSS para Windows, V19.0. RESULTADOS: se consultaron los registros de 72 pacientes; las embarazadas normotensas tuvieron concentraciones significativamente más bajas de ácido úrico: 3.6 ± 0.4 mg/dL que las mujres con preeclmpsia severa: 6.3 ± 1.4 mg/dL (p<0.001). Con respecto a la manifestación clínica, el vasoespasmo y la epigastralgia se relacionaron con la hiperuricemia y los datos de severidad estudiados, como el daño renal agudo con la consecuente correspondencia directa con la mortalidad materna. En el pronóstico fetal se observó una correlación negativa en la calificación APGAR de mayor importancia a los 5 minutos. CONCLUSIONES: se identificó una relación estadísticamente significativa de las concentraciones elevadas de ácido úrico con la preeclampsia severa; esto demuestra que la hiperuricemia en embarazos con hipertensión se relaciona con pobres resultados perinatales y maternos. Por lo tanto, la elevación del ácido úrico puede ser una herramienta pronóstica de fácil determinación que permite identificar a las pacientes con preeclampsia asociada con mayores complicaciones materno-fetales.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Severe preeclampsia as a public health problem is a multifactorial and several events that result in highly lethal episodes of obstetric emergencies. In Mexico according to data reported by the INEGI, preeclampsia had a frequency until 35.6%. Maternal death is an indicator of impact and quality of obstetric care and is associated with failures in the health care and preventable deaths are up 80%. Prevention is most important to prevent complications, as well biochemical markers as risk factors like uric acid to known is modified levels in this obstetric complication. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether serum uric acid levels correlate with the presence of severe preeclampsia, as well as their clinical presentation, and maternal morbidity and fetal mortality in patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study, retrolective, descriptive was carried-out. Were included pregnancies higher than 20 weeks with reports of serum measurement of uric acid at hospitalization, with an established diagnosis of severe preeclampsia were admitted to the service of intensive care unit. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and the Statistical program SPSS for Windows version 19.0. RESULTS: Were included 72 patients in the present study, pregnant normotensive patients had significantly lower uric acid 3.6±0.4 mg/dL compared with the study group with severe preeclampsia 6.3±1.4 mg/dL (p <0.001). With regard to the clinical manifestation the vasospasm and the epigastralgia were related with the hyperuricemia; as well as the studied data of severity, as the acute renal damage with the consequent direct correspondence in the maternal mortality. In relation to the fetal pronostic a negative correlation is observed in the qualification APGAR with more importance to the 5 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, a statistically significant relationship between high levels of uric acid in the presence of preeclampsia was identified. With respect to the clinical presentation of data presentation and epigastralgia vasospasm they are related to hyperuricemia, and is associated with poor perinatal and maternal outcomes. Thus, the elevation of uric acid could be a prognostic tool for easy determination that would identify a group of patients with severe preeclampsia associated with higher damage.

Effectiveness of acellular pertussis vaccination during childhood (<7 years of age) for preventing pertussis in household contacts 1-9 years old in Catalonia and Navarra (Spain).

Pertussis vaccination with 4-5 doses of acellular vaccines is recommended in Spain to all children at 2 months to 6 years of age. The effectiveness of the acellular pertussis vaccination was assessed in this study by comparing the incidence of secondary pertussis in vaccinated (4-5 doses) and unvaccinated or partially vaccinated (0-3 doses) household contacts 1-9 years old of confirmed cases of pertussis in Spain in 2012-13. Eighty-five percent of contacts had been vaccinated with 4-5 doses of acellular pertussis vaccines. During the 2-year study period, 64 cases of secondary pertussis were detected among 405 household contacts 1-9 years old: 47 among vaccinated and 17 among unvaccinated or partially vaccinated contacts. The effectiveness for preventing secondary pertussis, calculated as 1 minus the relative risk (RR) of secondary pertussis in vaccinated vs. unvaccinated/partially vaccinated contacts, was 50 % [95 % confidence interval (CI): 19-69 %, p < 0.01] when household contacts were vaccinated using DTaP, Tdap, hexavalent or heptavalent vaccines, and it was 51.3 % (95 % CI: 21-70 %, p < 0.01) when they were vaccinated using DTaP or TdaP vaccines. The effectiveness adjusted for age, sex, pertussis chemotherapy and type of household contact was 58.6 % (95 % CI: 17-79 %, p < 0.05) when contacts were vaccinated using available acellular vaccines, and it was 59.6 % (95 % CI: 18-80 %, p < 0.01) when they were vaccinated using DTaP vaccines. Acellular pertussis vaccination during childhood was effective for preventing secondary pertussis in household contacts 1-9 years old of pertussis cases in Catalonia and Navarra, Spain.

Colecistectomía laparoscópica por puerto umbilical asistido / Transumbilical laparoscopic cholecystectomy assisted with a second port: experience in 60 patients

Background: Transumbilical laparoscopic surgery offers substantial esthetic benefits. The use of a second port to introduce a second trocar, reduces the need of special or articulated instruments. Aim: To report the experience with transumbilical cholecystectomy, assisted using a second port, to reduce technical complexity. Patients and Methods: The surgical technique was prospectively evaluated in 60 patients aged 18 to 77 years (39 women), that required a cholecystectomy. All had a surgical risk classified according to the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) as I or II. Patients with gallbladder cancer, choledocholithiasis, were excluded. Two trocar (10 and 5 mm) were introduced by transumbilical incision and other one 5 mm trocar was introduced in the right iliac fossa for 0° frontal optics. Results: The mean operative time was 72 minutes (range 35-165). Fifty seven patients had a 24 h hospital stay. Two patients had to be converted to open surgery due to a complex pedicle dissection and one patient required an additional trocar. There were three complications. An umbilical seroma, a bile leakage through a Luschka duct, that was managed conservatively and one bile tract stenosis, that appeared four months after the operation and required surgical repair. Conclusions: Transumbilical cholecystectomy using a second additional port was a successful procedure, with similar esthetic results as single port surgery, but less costly.

Introducción: La cirugía laparoscópica evoluciona hacia técnicas menos invasivas, entre ellas la cirugía por puerto único umbilical, con mayor beneficio estético. El objetivo del presente trabajo es presentar los resultados de una técnica en colecistectomías laparoscópicas por puerto umbilical asistido por segundo puerto. La hipótesis planteada es que la técnica descrita es sencilla, segura y con beneficio estético similar al puerto único umbilical. Pacientes y Métodos: Técnica quirúrgica realizada prospectivamente en una serie de 60 pacientes ASA I y ASA II con consentimiento informado. Se incluye colecistolitiasis, pólipos, colecistitis aguda y crónica. Se excluye cáncer vesicular y coledocolitiasis. No se excluyeron casos por complejidad técnica o IMC. Se insertan 2 trocares de trabajo de 10 y 5 mm por incisión transumbilical y trocar de 5 mm en fosa iliaca derecha para óptica frontal de 0°. Resultados: Tiempo operatorio promedio de 72 minutos, mediana de 60 y extremos de 35 y 165. Tuvieron hospitalización de 24 horas 57 pacientes (95 por ciento). Hubo 2 conversiones a cirugía abierta por difícil disección del pedículo y un caso requirió trocar adicional. Hubo 3 complicaciones: un seroma de ombligo, una bilirragia por conducto de Luschka manejado conservadoramente y 1 estenosis de vía biliar postoperatoria a 4 meses, con reparación quirúrgica. Conclusiones: La colecistectomía lapa-roscópica por puerto umbilical asistida, logra resultados exitosos y con similares ventajas estéticas que el puerto único. El bajo costo de nuestra técnica permite realizarla en hospitales públicos y centros privados con menores recursos.

Evaluación de parámetros urodinámicos tras colocación de cintas libres de tensión / Evaluation of urodynamic parameters following the placement of tension-free tape

Objetivo: Analizar los cambios urodinámicos posteriores a la colocación de cintas libres de tensión TVT (cabestrillo vaginal libre de tensión retropúbico) o TVT-O (cabestrillo vaginal libre de tensión obturador). Material y métodos: Se realizó una cohorte retrospectiva en la que se incluyeron mujeres con diagnóstico urodinámico de incontinencia de esfuerzo, a las que se les colocó cinta libre de tensión tipo TVT o TVT-O, y que se les realizó estudio urodinámico pasado un año. El tamaño de la muestra se calculó en función del área de continencia y fue de 15 mujeres por cada grupo. Se incluyeron 40 mujeres, a 22 se les realizó TVT y a 18 TVT-O. El estudio se llevó a cabo entre febrero de 1999 y marzo de 2009. Se analizaron las medias de los parámetros urodinámicos pre y posoperatorios con prueba «t» para variables dependientes. Resultados: Se encontró una disminución media del flujo máximo de 9 ml/s posterior a la colocación de TVT-O (p = 0,05). Para el grupo de TVT se encontró un aumento en los tiempos de flujo y de micción de 5,3 y 6 segundos, así como de la presión del detrusor al flujo máximo en6,2 cm H2O y de la presión máxima del detrusor al vaciamiento en 8 cm H2O (p = 0,37, 0,47, 0,21y 0,12, respectivamente).Conclusiones: En mujeres con incontinencia urodinámica de esfuerzo existe disminución del flujo máximo al año de la colocación de TVT-O (AU)

Objective: To analyse the urodynamic changes subsequent to the placement of TVT tension-free tape (retropubic tension-free vaginal tape) or TVT-O (obturator tension-free vaginal tape). Materials and methods: We carried out a retrospective cohort study that included women with urodynamic diagnosis of stress incontinence, in whom we placed type TVT or TVT-O tension-free tape, and on whom we performed a urodynamic study one year later. We calculated the size of the sample based on the area of continence and it consisted of 15 women per group. We included 40 women. 22 had TVT placed and 18 had TVT-O. We carried out the trial between February 1999 and March 2009. We analysed the means of the pre and postoperative urodynamic parameters using the Student’s t-test for dependent variables. Results: We noted an average decrease in the maximum flow of 9 ml/ s following the placement of the TVT-O (p = 0.05). For the TVT group, we noted an increase in the flow and micturition times of 5.3 and 6 seconds, as well as in the detrusor pressure at the maximum flow of 6.2 cmH2O and of the maximum detrusor pressure when voiding, of 8 cm H2O (p = 0.37, 0.47, 0.21 and0.12, respectively). Conclusions: In women with urodynamic stress incontinence, the maximum flow decreased a year after the TVT-O was placed (AU)

[Evaluation of urodynamic parameters following the placement of tension-free tape]. / Evaluación de parámetros urodinámicos tras colocación de cintas libres de tensión.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the urodynamic changes subsequent to the placement of TVT tension-free tape (retropubic tension-free vaginal tape) or TVT-O (obturator tension-free vaginal tape). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out a retrospective cohort study that included women with urodynamic diagnosis of stress incontinence, in whom we placed type TVT or TVT-O tension-free tape, and on whom we performed a urodynamic study one year later. We calculated the size of the sample based on the area of continence and it consisted of 15 women per group. We included 40 women. 22 had TVT placed and 18 had TVT-O. We carried out the trial between February 1999 and March 2009. We analysed the means of the pre and postoperative urodynamic parameters using the Student's t-test for dependent variables. RESULTS: We noted an average decrease in the maximum flow of 9 ml/s following the placement of the TVT-O (p=0.05). For the TVT group, we noted an increase in the flow and micturition times of 5.3 and 6 seconds, as well as in the detrusor pressure at the maximum flow of 6.2 cm H(2)O and of the maximum detrusor pressure when voiding, of 8 cm H(2)O (p=0.37, 0.47, 0.21 and 0.12, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In women with urodynamic stress incontinence, the maximum flow decreased a year after the TVT-O was placed.

The accumulation of neurotoxic proteins, induced by proteasome inhibition, is reverted by trehalose, an enhancer of autophagy, in human neuroblastoma cells.

Neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and others are due to accumulation of abnormal proteins which fold improperly and impair neuronal function. Accumulation of these proteins could be achieved by several mechanisms including mutation, overproduction or impairment of its degradation. Inhibition of the normal protein degradation is produced by blockade of the ubiquitin proteasome system. We have shown that epoxomicin, a proteasome inhibitor, increases the levels of proteins involved in neurodegenerative disorders such as α-synuclein and hyper phosphorylated tau in NB69 human neuroblastoma cells and that such increase correlates with an enhanced rate of cell death. We then investigated whether the stimulation of autophagy, an alternative mechanism for elimination of abnormal proteins, by treatment with trehalose, counteracts the effects of proteasomal blockade. Trehalose, a disaccharide present in many non-mammalian species, known to enhance autophagy, protects cells against various environmental stresses. Treatment with trehalose produced a dose and time-dependent increase in the number of autophagosomes and markers of autophagy in NB69 cells. Trehalose did not change the number of total neither the number of dividing cells in the culture but it completely prevented the necrosis of NB69 induced by epoxomicin. In addition, the treatment with trehalose reverted the accumulation, induced by epoxomicin, of polyubiquitinated proteins, total and phosphorylated tau, p-GSK-3, and α-synuclein, as well as the α-synuclein intracellular aggregates. The effects of trehalose were not mediated through activation of free radical scavenging compounds, like GSH, or mitochondrial proteins, like DJ1, but trehalose reduced the activation of ERK and chaperone HSP-70 induced by epoxomicin. Inhibition of ERK phosphorylation prevented the epoxomicin-induced cell death. Inhibition of autophagy reverted the neuroprotective effects of trehalose in epoxomicin-induced cell death. These results suggest that trehalose is a powerful modifier of abnormal protein accumulation in neurodegenerative diseases.

Examination of fatigue development in elite soccer in a hot environment: a multi-experimental approach.

The study examines fatigue in elite soccer played in hot conditions. High-profile soccer players (n=20) were studied during match play at ∼31 °C. Repeated sprint and jump performances were assessed in rested state and after a game and activity profile was examined. Additionally, heart rate (HR), blood lactate, muscle temperature and body mass changes were determined. Repeated sprint and jump performances were reduced (P<0.05) by 2.6% and 8.2%, respectively, after the game. The fatigue index in the repeated sprint test was 6.0±0.7% after the game compared with 1.7±1.0% at rest (P<0.05). High-intensity running was 57±4% lower (P<0.05) during the last 15-min interval of the game compared with the first 15-min period. No differences were observed in mean HR or blood lactates between halves. Muscle temperature was 40.5±0.4 °C after the first half, which was 0.8±0.2 °C higher (P<0.05) than after the second half. Net fluid loss during the game was >2% of the body mass. Correlations were observed between net-fluid loss and repeated sprint test fatigue index after the game (r=0.73, P<0.05) and Yo-Yo intermittent recovery, level 1 test performance and high-intensity running during the final 15 min of the game (r=0.51, P<0.05). The study provides direct evidence of compromised repeated sprint and jump performances induced by soccer match play and pronounced reduction in high-intensity running toward the end of an elite game played in a hot environment. This fatigue could be associated training status and hyperthermia/dehydration.

Fatal bleeding in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy for venous thromboembolism: findings from the RIETE registry.

BACKGROUND: Fatal bleeding is a serious consequence of anticoagulant therapy, but factors associated with fatal bleeding during the first 3 months of treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) are uncertain. METHODS: Using data from RIETE, an ongoing registry of consecutive patients with acute VTE, we assessed risk factors for fatal bleeding among all patients. We then used this information to derive a clinical model that would stratify a patient's risk of fatal bleeding during the first 3 months of treatment. RESULTS: Of 24 395 patients, 546 (2.24%) had a major bleed and 135 (0.55%) had a fatal bleed. The gastrointestinal tract was the most common site (40% of fatal bleeds), followed by intracranial bleeding (25%). Fatal bleeding was independently associated with the following factors at the time of VTE diagnosis: age >75 years (OR, 2.16), metastatic cancer (OR, 3.80), immobility > or = 4 days (OR, 1.99), a major bleed within the past 30 days (OR, 2.64), an abnormal prothrombin time (OR, 2.09), a platelet count < 100 x 10(9) L(-1) (OR, 2.23), creatinine clearance < 30 mL min(-1) (OR, 2.27), anemia (OR, 1.54), and distal deep vein thrombosis (OR, 0.39). INR at the time of bleeding is not known. A clinical prediction rule for risk of fatal bleeding that included nine baseline factors was derived. Fatal bleeding occurred in 0.16% (95% CI, 0.11-0.23) of the low-risk, 1.06% (95% CI, 0.85-1.30) of the moderate-risk, and 4.24% (95% CI, 2.76-6.27) of the high-risk category. CONCLUSIONS: Patient characteristics and laboratory variables can identify patients at high risk for fatal bleeding during treatment of VTE.

[Adiponectin, insulin and glucose concentrations in overweight and obese subjects after a complex carbohydrates (fiber) diet]. / Adiponectina, insulina y glicemia, en individuos con sobrepeso u obesidad sometidos a un régimen de alimentación rico en carbohidratos complejos.

Adiponectin one of the cytokines secreted by the adipose tissue that regulates the energetic metabolism through glucose and insulin interactions, stimulates the oxidation of fatty acids, reduces the plasmatic triglycerides and improves glucose metabolism by increasing insulin sensibility. Serum concentrations of adiponectin, insulin and glucose were assessed in order to establish association to weight loss after a dietary regime based on consumption of complex carbohydrates (fiber) during six weeks. Overweight and obese subjects (n=56) were studied by anthropometry. Adiponectin and insulin were measured by ELISA and glucose by Colorimetry. Data was analyzed by non parametric tests to compare independent or related samples. 12 men and 44 women, aged 20 to 55 years, 17 overweight and 39 obese were assessed. Adiponectin concentration was significantly low at basal determination in all the subjects (4,47 +/- 1,64); being higher in women (4,62 +/- 1,57 vs 3,93 +/- 1,86 microU/mL in men), while glucose and insulin values were at normal range (82,46 +/-26,51 mg/dL and 14,12 +/- 10,15 microU/mL) respectively with no significant differences for sex. Overweight subjects had significantly higher adiponectin concentrations than obese participants, at all measurements. Dietary regime promoted significant increase in adiponectin concentration at second and sixth week, with a negative correlation to body mass index and gender as they lost body weight.

Adiponectina, insulina y glicemia, en individuos con sobrepeso u obesidad sometidos a un régimen de alimentación rico en carbohidratos complejos / Adiponectin, insulin and glucose concentrations in overweight and obese subjects after a complex carbohydrates (fiber) diet

La adiponectina es una citoquina secretada por el tejido adiposo, que regula el metabolismo energético, estimula la oxidación de ácidos grasos, reduce los triglicéridos plasmáticos y mejora el metabolismo de la glucosa mediante aumento de la sensibilidad a la insulina. Se evaluaron niveles séricos de adiponectina, insulina y glicemia, y su relación con pérdida de peso en 56 individuos con diagnostico de sobrepeso y obesidad bajo un régimen de alimentación hipocalórico, basado en el consumo de carbohidratos complejos (cereal rico en fibra durante seis semanas). Se realizó antropometría y determinación de adiponectina e insulina (ELISA), glicemia (Colorimetrico-enzimático). Los datos se analizaron por pruebas no paramétricas para comparaciones de muestras independientes o relacionadas. Los participantes fueron (12 hombres, 44 mujeres, 20 a 55 años) 17 con diagnostico de sobrepeso y 39 con obesidad. La adiponectina se encontró significativamente baja al inicio del programa en todos los participantes (4,47 ±1,64µg/mL), mayor en mujeres que en hombres (4,62±1,57 vs 3,93±1,86µg/mL). Para la glicemia e insulina sérica, los valores estuvieron dentro del rango normal (82,46±26,51 µg/dL) y (14,12±10,15l µU/mL) respectivamente sin diferencias significativas por sexo. Los participantes con sobrepeso tuvieron concentraciones significativamente mayores de adiponectina que los obesos desde el inicio hasta el final del programa. El régimen de alimentación promovió cambios en la concentración de adiponectina sérica durante el período de evaluación, notables a la segunda y sexta semana, encontrándose un incremento significativo en sus niveles séricos, y correlación negativa con el IMC y sexo a medida que perdían peso corporal.

Adiponectin one of the cytokines secreted by the adipose tissue that regulates the energetic metabolism through glucose and insulin interactions., stimulates the oxidation of fatty acids, reduces the plasmatic triglycerides and improves glucose metabolism by increasing insulin sensibility. Serum concentrations of adiponectin, insulin and glucose were assessed in order to establish association to weight loss after a dietary regime based on consumption of complex carbohydrates (fiber) during six weeks. Overweight and obese subjects (n=56) were studied by anthropometry. Adiponectin and insulin were measured by ELISA and glucose by Colorimetry. Data was analyzed by non parametric tests to compare independent or related samples. 12 men and 44 women, aged 20 to 55 years, 17 overweight and 39 obese were assessed. Adiponectin concentration was significantly low at basal determination in all the subjects (4,47 ±1,64); being higher in women (4,62±1,57 vs 3,93±1,86 µU/mL in men), while glucose and insulin values were at normal range (82,46±26,51 µg/dL and 14,12±10,15 µU/mL) respectively with no significant differences for sex. Overweight subjects had significantly higher adiponectin concentrations than obese participants, at all measurements. Dietary regime promoted significant increase in adiponectin concentration at second and sixth week, with a negative correlation to body mass index and gender as they lost body weight.

Leptina e insulina sérica en adultos con sobrepeso y obesos en régimen hipocalórico con alto contenido de carbohidratos complejos / Serum leptin and insulin in obese adults on hypocaloric dietary regimen of high complex carbohydrate content

En situaciones de cambios en el peso, la evidencia sobre la relación entre la leptina y la insulina con el contenido de grasa corporal no es concluyente. Se planteó establecer asociaciones entre leptina e insulina (ELISA) y pérdida de peso (antropometría) durante un régimen hipocalórico alto en fibra, en 71 individuos (sobrepeso/ obesos), al inicio (I), a dos (2s) y a seis semanas (6s) del régimen. Se aplicaron pruebas no paramétricas para muestras independientes y relacionadas. Hubo disminución significativa de la leptina entre I, 2s y 6s, similar entre sobrepeso y obesidad, normalizándose a las 6s (sobrepeso fueron normales a las 2s y obesos a las 6s). Aumentó la prevalencia de valores normales (leptina <15 ng/mL) durante el régimen. La leptina fue significativamente mayor en obesos que en los con sobrepeso y en mujeres que en hombres, sin diferencias significativas por género para la insulina. Asociación significativa entre leptina e indicadores de adiposidad (índice de masa corporal, circunferencia abdominal). A las 2s, hubo correlación positiva entre leptina e insulina, no evidente a las 6s. El régimen basado en el consumo de fibra fue eficiente para lograr cambios en los parámetros antropométricos y bioquímicos, en especial, una disminución de la leptina.

Leptin acts as a regulatory signal for food intake, body energy balance, body fat content and body weight stability. In order to establish associations among serum leptin, serum insulin and weight loss, 71 obese or overweight adults were assessed by anthropometry and serum determination of leptin at the beginning (B), two weeks (2w) and six weeks (6w) after consuming a dietary regime based on complex carbohydrates intake. Data was analyzed by non parametrical tests for independent and related samples. There was a significant decrease of leptin among B, 2w and 6w of similar nature between overweight and obese participants, with all of them reaching normal values at 6w (overweight at 2w and obese at 6 w). Prevalence of normal leptin values (<15 ng/mL) increased among B, 2w and 6w. Leptin levels were significantly higher in obese vs. overweight and in women vs. men with no differences in serum glucose or insulin by sex. There was a significant association between leptin and adiposity indicators (body mass index and abdominal circumference). At 2w, but not at 6w, a positive correlation between leptin and insulin was found. A dietary regime based on increased consumption of complex carbohydrate (fiber) was efficient to induce favorable changes in anthropometrical and biochemical indicators, especially serum leptin.

NP7 protects from cell death induced by oxidative stress in neuronal and glial midbrain cultures from parkin null mice.

Parkin mutations produce Parkinson's disease (PD) in humans and nigrostriatal dopamine lesions related to increased free radicals in mice. We examined the effects of NP7, a synthetic, marine derived, free radical scavenger which enters the brain, on H(2)O(2) toxicity in cultured neurons and glia from wild-type (WT) and parkin null mice (PK-KO). NP7, 5-10 microM, prevented the H(2)O(2) induced apoptosis and necrosis of midbrain neuronal and glial cultures from WT and PK-KO mice. NP7 suppressed microglial activation and the H(2)O(2) induced drop-out of dopamine neurons(.) Furthermore, NP7 prevented the increased phosphorylation of ERK and AKT induced by H(2)O(2). NP7 may be a promising neuroprotector against oxidative stress in PD.