RESUMO
The IGRA (Interferon Gamma Release Assays) test is currently the standard specific test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection status. However, a positive test cannot distinguish between active tuberculosis disease (ATBD) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Developing a test with this characteristic is needed. We conducted longitudinal studies to identify a combination of antigen peptides and cytokines to discriminate between ATBD and LTBI. We studied 54 patients with ATBD disease and 51 with LTBI infection. Cell culture supernatant from cells stimulated with overlapping Mycobacterium tuberculosis novel peptides and 40 cytokines/chemokines were analyzed using the Luminex technology. To summarize longitudinal measurements of analyte levels, we calculated the area under the curve (AUC). Our results indicate that in vitro cell stimulation with a novel combination of peptides (Rv0849-12, Rv2031c-14, Rv2031c-5, and Rv2693-06) and IL-1RA detection in culture supernatants can discriminate between LTBI and ATBD.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nasal septum and the depth of posterior palatal arch in the different facial vertical patterns using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 143 CBCTs were analysed (53 normodivergents, 26 hypodivergents, and 64 hyperdivergents) using the software Real Scan 2.2. On the coronal view, the following measurements were taken, palatal interalveolar length (PIL), palatal arch depth (PAD), maxillopalatal arch angle (MPAA), septal vertical length (SVL), deviated septal length (DSL), and deviated septal curve angle (DSCA). Using the program Stata v16.0, we obtained the mean, standard deviation and median values. The identification of significant differences between facial biotypes was performed using the one-way ANOVA test and H of Kruskal-Wallis test, considering a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: The hypodivergent group got the highest PIL and MPAA (49.6mm and 118.1° respectively), with statistically significant differences (P<0.05) between this group and the hyperdivergent group. Statistically significant differences were found by gender for the SNMeGo, PFH, AFH, and the relationship between the facial heights, where the males had the highest values. Additionally, PIL and SVL also had the highest values for males (48.8mm and 63.6mm respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Patients presenting with greater hyperdivergence have shorter interalveolar distances and smaller maxillopalatal arch angles.
Assuntos
Tomografia Computadorizada de Feixe Cônico , Palato , Face/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Masculino , Septo Nasal/diagnóstico por imagemAssuntos
COVID-19 , Imunoglobulina G , Anticorpos Antivirais , Humanos , Imunoglobulina M , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2Assuntos
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/diagnóstico , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico , Humanos , Pandemias , PeruRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine the additional diagnostic performance of a rapid serological test for detection of IgM and IgG antibodies compared to the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test; for detection of SARS-CoV-2. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out including patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in 3 hospitals, health workers exposed to the infection and outpatients who met suspicious case criteria, all of which underwent the molecular test (RT-PCR) and the rapid serological test. The additional diagnostic performance of rapid serological test was evaluated in comparison to molecular tests. Likewise, an approximation was made to the sensitivity and specificity of the rapid serological test. RESULTS: 144 people were included. With the rapid test, 19.4% of positive results were obtained compared to 11.1% in the molecular test (p = 0.03). The rapid serological test detected 21 cases that had been negative by the initial (RT-PCR), providing an additional diagnostic performance of 56.8% compared to the RT-PCR. The additional diagnostic performance was 50.0% during the first week, 70.0% during the second week and 50.0% during the third week of symptom onset. The sensitivity of the rapid serological test was 43.8% and the specificity of 98.9%. CONCLUSIONS: The rapid serological test was able to detect a greater number of cases than those detected by the molecular test especially after the second week of onset of symptoms. It also showed high specificity. It is therefore useful as a complementary test to RT-PCR, especially during the second and third week of illness.
OBJETIVOS: Determinar el rendimiento diagnóstico adicional de una prueba serológica rápida que detecta anticuerpos IgM e IgG contra SARS-CoV-2 en relación a la reacción en cadena de polimerasa reversa en tiempo real (RT-PCR). MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio transversal incluyendo pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 en tres hospitales, trabajadores de salud expuestos a la infección y pacientes ambulatorios que cumplían criterios de caso sospechoso, a quienes se les realizó la prueba molecular (RT-PCR) y la prueba serológica rápida. Se evaluó el rendimiento diagnóstico adicional de las prueba serológica rápida en relación a la molecular. Asimismo, se realizó la estimación de sensibilidad y especificidad de dichas pruebas. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 144 personas. La prueba serológica rápida obtuvo un 19,4% de resultados positivos en comparación con un 11,1% en la prueba molecular (p=0,03). La prueba serológica rápida detectó 21 casos que habían resultado negativos por el RT-PCR inicial y el rendimiento diagnóstico adicional fue de 56,8% en comparación al RT-PCR. El rendimiento diagnóstico adicional fue 50,0% durante la primera semana, 70,0% durante la segunda y 50,0% durante la tercera semana de inicio de síntomas. La sensibilidad de la prueba serológica rápida fue de 43,8% y la especificidad del 98,9%. CONCLUSIONES: La prueba serológica rápida logró detectar un mayor número de casos respecto a la molecular, sobre todo a partir de la segunda semana de inicio de síntomas. Además, presentó una alta especificidad. Los resultados mostrarían su utilidad como prueba complementaria a la prueba molecular, especialmente durante la segunda y tercera semana de enfermedad.
Assuntos
Betacoronavirus/isolamento & purificação , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Pneumonia Viral/diagnóstico , Adulto , COVID-19 , Teste para COVID-19 , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , Infecções por Coronavirus/imunologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral/imunologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/métodos , SARS-CoV-2 , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Testes Sorológicos/métodosRESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivos: Determinar el rendimiento diagnóstico adicional de una prueba serológica rápida que detecta anticuerpos IgM e IgG contra SARS-CoV-2 en relación a la reacción en cadena de polimerasa reversa en tiempo real (RT-PCR). Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal incluyendo pacientes hospitalizados por COVID-19 en tres hospitales, trabajadores de salud expuestos a la infección y pacientes ambulatorios que cumplían criterios de caso sospechoso, a quienes se les realizó la prueba molecular (RT-PCR) y la prueba serológica rápida. Se evaluó el rendimiento diagnóstico adicional de las prueba serológica rápida en relación a la molecular. Asimismo, se realizó la estimación de sensibilidad y especificidad de dichas pruebas. Resultados: Se incluyeron 144 personas. La prueba serológica rápida obtuvo un 19,4% de resultados positivos en comparación con un 11,1% en la prueba molecular (p=0,03). La prueba serológica rápida detectó 21 casos que habían resultado negativos por el RT-PCR inicial y el rendimiento diagnóstico adicional fue de 56,8% en comparación al RT-PCR. El rendimiento diagnóstico adicional fue 50,0% durante la primera semana, 70,0% durante la segunda y 50,0% durante la tercera semana de inicio de síntomas. La sensibilidad de la prueba serológica rápida fue de 43,8% y la especificidad del 98,9%. Conclusiones: La prueba serológica rápida logró detectar un mayor número de casos respecto a la molecular, sobre todo a partir de la segunda semana de inicio de síntomas. Además, presentó una alta especificidad. Los resultados mostrarían su utilidad como prueba complementaria a la prueba molecular, especialmente durante la segunda y tercera semana de enfermedad.
ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the additional diagnostic performance of a rapid serological test for detection of IgM and IgG antibodies compared to the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test; for detection of SARS-CoV-2. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out including patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in 3 hospitals, health workers exposed to the infection and outpatients who met suspicious case criteria, all of which underwent the molecular test (RT-PCR) and the rapid serological test. The additional diagnostic performance of rapid serological test was evaluated in comparison to molecular tests. Likewise, an approximation was made to the sensitivity and specificity of the rapid serological test. Results: 144 people were included. With the rapid test, 19.4% of positive results were obtained compared to 11.1% in the molecular test (p = 0.03). The rapid serological test detected 21 cases that had been negative by the initial (RT-PCR), providing an additional diagnostic performance of 56.8% compared to the RT-PCR. The additional diagnostic performance was 50.0% during the first week, 70.0% during the second week and 50.0% during the third week of symptom onset. The sensitivity of the rapid serological test was 43.8% and the specificity of 98.9%. Conclusions: The rapid serological test was able to detect a greater number of cases than those detected by the molecular test especially after the second week of onset of symptoms. It also showed high specificity. It is therefore useful as a complementary test to RT-PCR, especially during the second and third week of illness.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pneumonia Viral/diagnóstico , Imunoglobulina G , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina M , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico , Betacoronavirus/isolamento & purificação , SARS-CoV-2 , Anticorpos , Pacientes Ambulatoriais , Pneumonia Viral/imunologia , Testes Sorológicos/métodos , Estudos Transversais , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Infecções por Coronavirus/imunologia , Pandemias , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/métodos , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , Teste para COVID-19 , COVID-19RESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivos. Determinar la tendencia y factores asociados al cepillado de dos o más veces por día en niños menores de doce años entre el 2013 y 2018 en Perú. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal mediante análisis secundario de datos reportados por la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar. Se consideró la información de niños con al menos un cepillado al día, considerando como «Adecuada Frecuencia de Cepillado Dental¼ (AFC) para quienes reportaban de dos a más; se generaron medidas porcentuales por ámbito geográfico, características sanitarias, de vivienda y hogar. Se determinaron los factores asociados a la AFC mediante regresión logística binaria para encuestas complejas, la variabilidad de la tendencia se identificó mediante regresión joinpoint con un 95% de confianza. Resultados. En el 2013, la AFC fue del 79,0% con un aumento a 83,9% para el 2018; se identificó que cuatro de 25 espacios geográficos se mantuvieron sin variación de AFC, y otros cuatro disminuyeron. Todas las características sanitarias mostraron favorecer el cepillado, destacándose que el no compartir el cepillo generó un OR de 2,30, IC 95%: 1,46 a 3,60. La región natural, el tipo de lugar de residencia y el quintil de riqueza afectaron la AFC; la AFC fue mayor según se incrementa el grupo etario. Conclusiones . El porcentaje de AFC ha aumentado en los últimos años, siendo influenciado favorablemente por los aspectos sanitarios; a nivel rural este porcentaje es significativamente menor, algo que también se evidencia en la región sierra.
ABSTRACT Objetivos. To determine the trend and factors associated with brushing two or more times per day in children under twelve years of age between 2013 and 2018 in Peru. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted by secondary analysis of data reported by the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES). Information on children with at least one brushing per day was taken into account, considering as an "Adequate Toothbrushing Frequency" (ATF) for those who reported brushing two to more times per day. Percentage measures were generated by geographical area, health, housing, and household characteristics. Factors associated with an ATF were determined by using binary logistic regression for complex surveys, trend variability was identified by joinpoint regression with a 95% confidence. Results. In 2013, the ATF was 79.0%, increasing to 83.9% by 2018. Four out of 25 geographic areas were identified as having no variation on the ATF, and four others decreased. All sanitary characteristics showed favoring brushing, emphasizing that not sharing the toothbrush generated a 2.30 OR, 95% CI: 1.46 to 3.60. The natural region, type of place of residence, and wealth index quintile affected the ATF. The ATF was higher as the age group increased. Conclusions. The percentage of ATF has increased in recent years, being favorably influenced by health aspects; in rural areas, this percentage is significantly lower, something that is also evident in the Highland region.
Assuntos
Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Escovação Dentária/estatística & dados numéricos , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos , Saúde Bucal , Peru , Escovação Dentária/tendências , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
OBJETIVOS.: To determine the trend and factors associated with brushing two or more times per day in children under twelve years of age between 2013 and 2018 in Peru. MATERIALS AND METHODS.: A cross-sectional study was conducted by secondary analysis of data reported by the Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES). Information on children with at least one brushing per day was taken into account, considering as an "Adequate Toothbrushing Frequency" (ATF) for those who reported brushing two to more times per day. Percentage measures were generated by geographical area, health, housing, and household characteristics. Factors associated with an ATF were determined by using binary logistic regression for complex surveys, trend variability was identified by joinpoint regression with a 95% confidence. RESULTS.: In 2013, the ATF was 79.0%, increasing to 83.9% by 2018. Four out of 25 geographic areas were identified as having no variation on the ATF, and four others decreased. All sanitary characteristics showed favoring brushing, emphasizing that not sharing the toothbrush generated a 2.30 OR, 95% CI: 1.46 to 3.60. The natural region, type of place of residence, and wealth index quintile affected the ATF. The ATF was higher as the age group increased. CONCLUSIONS.: The percentage of ATF has increased in recent years, being favorably influenced by health aspects; in rural areas, this percentage is significantly lower, something that is also evident in the Highland region.
OBJETIVOS.: Determinar la tendencia y factores asociados al cepillado de dos o más veces por día en niños menores de doce años entre el 2013 y 2018 en Perú. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS.: Se realizó un estudio transversal mediante análisis secundario de datos reportados por la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar. Se consideró la información de niños con al menos un cepillado al día, considerando como «Adecuada Frecuencia de Cepillado Dental¼ (AFC) para quienes reportaban de dos a más; se generaron medidas porcentuales por ámbito geográfico, características sanitarias, de vivienda y hogar. Se determinaron los factores asociados a la AFC mediante regresión logística binaria para encuestas complejas, la variabilidad de la tendencia se identificó mediante regresión joinpoint con un 95% de confianza. RESULTADOS.: En el 2013, la AFC fue del 79,0% con un aumento a 83,9% para el 2018; se identificó que cuatro de 25 espacios geográficos se mantuvieron sin variación de AFC, y otros cuatro disminuyeron. Todas las características sanitarias mostraron favorecer el cepillado, destacándose que el no compartir el cepillo generó un OR de 2,30, IC 95%: 1,46 a 3,60. La región natural, el tipo de lugar de residencia y el quintil de riqueza afectaron la AFC; la AFC fue mayor según se incrementa el grupo etario. CONCLUSIONES: . El porcentaje de AFC ha aumentado en los últimos años, siendo influenciado favorablemente por los aspectos sanitarios; a nivel rural este porcentaje es significativamente menor, algo que también se evidencia en la región sierra.
Assuntos
Saúde Bucal , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Escovação Dentária/estatística & dados numéricos , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Peru , Escovação Dentária/tendênciasRESUMO
La técnica Invisalign creada para satisfacer las necesidades estéticas de pacientes adultos que se niegan a tratamientos convencionales. Este novedoso tratamiento inició con el Dr. Kesling en 1945, recibiendo posterior impulso con Ponitz y McNamara. El sistema de invisalign, el cual ha surgido en los últimos años de la mano de Align Technology en 1997, ha demostrado ser una alternativa novedosa, y efectiva par a la corrección de las maloclusiones; el sistema está compuesto de aparatos plásticos transparentes que generan movimientos dentales de aproximadamente de 2-3 mm. El sistema requiere la planificación virtual y la simulación del tratamiento, lo que permite analizar desde todos los ángulos posibles, y con diferentes vistas, las modificaciones necesarias a realizar. La estética del sistema es una gran ventaja ante pacientes con dudas de aceptación al tratamiento. Al planificar un tratamiento ortodóntico debemos considerar diversos aspectos de forma multidisciplinaria, tales como: el estado periodontal, ausencia de piezas dentales (con o sin necesidad de implantes), etc. Este artículo recopila la información del sistema Invisalign, desde las indicaciones, contraindicaciones, ventajas y desventajas; basadas en evidencia, lo que le permita al clínico identificar su aplicación clínica, según los requerimientos de cada caso. (AU)
The technique created Invisalign to meet the aesthetic needs of adult patients who refuse to conventional treatments. This innovative treatment started with Dr. Kesling in 1945, receiving a further boost wit h Ponitz and McNamara. The system of invisalign, which has emerged in recent years at the hands of Align Technology in 1997, has proven to be an innovative and effective alternative for the correction of malocclusions; the system is composed of transparent plastic devices which generate tooth movements of approximately of 2 - 3 mm. The system requires vir tual planning and simulation of treatment, allowing you to analyze from all possible angles, and with different views, necessary to make amendments. The aesthetics of the system is a boon to patients with doubts of acceptance to the treatment. Planning orthodontic treatment must consider various aspects in a multidisciplinary way, such as: the periodontal status, the absence of teeth (with or without need of implants), etc. This article collects the information of the Invisalign system, since the indications, contraindications, advantages and disadvantages; based on evidence, what allows the clinician to identify their clinical application according to the requirements of each case. (AU)