EUS-BD for calibration of benign stenosis of the bile duct in patients with altered anatomy or inaccessible papilla.

Background and study aims In cases of inaccessible papilla, EUS-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) has been described as an alternative to calibrate benign biliary stenosis. However, few studies are available. Patients and methods This tw-center, retrospective study was designed to evaluate technical success and clinical success at 1 year. All patients who underswent EUS-BD without the rendezvous technique used for calibration of benign biliary stenosis were included from 2016 to 2022. Patients underwent EUS-hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) during the first session. Then, HGS was used to access the bile duct, allowing calibration of the stenosis: Dilation of the biliary stenosis and placement of double pigtail stents through the stenosis for 1 year. Results Thirty-six patients were included. Technical success was 89% (32/36), with four failures to cross the stenosis but EUS-HGS was performed in 100% of the cases. Nine patients were excluded during calibration because of oncological relapse in six and complex stenosis in three. Three patients had not yet reached 1 year of follow-up. Twenty patients had a calibration for at least 1 year. Clinical success after stent placement was considered in all cases after 1 year of follow-up. Thirteen patients underwent stent removal and no relapse occurred after 435 days of follow-up (SD=568). Global morbidity was 41.7% (15/36) with only one serious complication (needing intensive care), including seven cases of cholangitis due to intrabiliary duct obstruction and five stent migrations. No deaths were reported. Conclusions EUS-BD for calibration in case of benign biliary stenosis is an option. Dedicated materials are needed to decrease morbidity.

Piecemeal Resection for Large Colorectal Adenomas Remains Essential in 2022: A Single-Center Experience in a Tertiary French Center.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Colorectal lesions measuring greater than 20 mm are unsuitable for en bloc endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR): piecemeal EMR (PM-EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) are needed. The European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) recommends ESD only for microinfiltrative lesions, although Japanese teams perform en bloc ESD for all lesions. We report the outcomes obtained in our endoscopy unit for these lesions and assess the hybrid "knife-assisted piecemeal EMR" (KAPM-EMR) technique. The main aim was to assess the short-term outcomes (C1). The secondary objectives were to evaluate the long-term results (C2), adverse event rate and management of recurrence. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data from patients treated by PM-EMR, KAPM-EMR and ESD for a colorectal lesion measuring greater than 20 millimeters using prospective inclusion over four years. RESULTS: Data from 167 patients (median age: 70) with a median follow-up of 15.1 months were analyzed after excluding 95 patients. A total of 131 lesions were removed by PM-EMR, 24 by KAPM-EMR and 12 by ESD; 146/167 (87.4%) patients were considered in remission at C1. Recurrence was treated by endoscopy in 20/21 patients (95%); 86/89 (96.6%) were in remission at C2. A total of 16/167 patients developed adverse events, all of whom except one were endoscopically managed. KAPM-EMR was associated with a higher perforation risk (p=0.037). No differences in postoperative bleeding were found among the three groups (p=0.576). CONCLUSIONS: Piecemeal resection remains an effective and safe technique for large colorectal adenomas. KAPM-EMR may be useful but should be applied with caution due to the risk of perforation.

Pluma, a new genus of slug moths (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) from South China, with descriptions of two new species.

The genus Pluma, gen. nov. is established to accommodate two new species of limacodid moths, P. shuni sp. nov. and P. yuensis sp. nov., from South China. Based on morphological and molecular characters, the species cannot be placed in any existing genus and therefore they placed in the newly erected one. The new taxa are supported by morphological characters and DNA barcode data. Male adults, including wing venation and genitalia, are illustrated, along with a barcode-based tree.

A new species of Griseothosea (Lepidoptera, Limacodidae) from Wuyishan National Park, China.

A new species of Griseothosea nigrifasciata sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Wuyishan National Park, Fujian province, China. It differs from other members of Griseothosea by the male genitalia: uncus with strongly curved lateral margin, juxta with two finger-shaped protrusion apically, and aedeagus shorter and slenderer. The new species is supported molecularly by the analysis of a 658 bp fragment of the COI gene. A key to Griseothosea is provided.

Erratum: QUANHONG ZHANG, ALEXEY V. SOLOVYEV, JIAMIN LIANG, MIN WANG & HOUSHUAI WANG (2023) A new species of Griseothosea (Lepidoptera, Limacodidae) from Wuyishan National Park, China. Zootaxa, 5323 (3), 429434.

N/A.

Two new species of the genus Microleon (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) from China.

Two new species of the genus Microleon Butler, 1885, Microleon dianensis sp. nov. from Yunnan Province, China and Microleon simingensis sp. nov. from Zhejiang and Sichuan Provinces, China are described. Photographs of adults and male genitalia of these new species are provided, with a key to all currently known species of Microleon. The validity of new species is well supported by the molecular analysis of the fragment of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI).

Two new species of Squamosa Bethune-Baker, 1908 (Lepidoptera, Limacodidae) and first female record of S.chalcites Orhant, 2000 from southern Asia.

Two new species of the genus Squamosa Bethune-Baker, 1908 (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae): S.medogensis sp. nov. and S.undulophallus sp. nov., are described from southern Asia. These new species are illustrated with images of the adults and male genitalia, and compared with similar species. A new synonymy is established for the subspecies S.brevisuncabrevisunca Wu & Fang, 2009 = S.svetlanae Solovyev & Witt, 2009, syn. nov. The female genitalia of S.chalcites Orhant, 2000 are illustrated and described for the first time. A distribution map for the new species and illustrations of Asian members of Squamosa are given, and a key to Asian species of the genus is also provided.

Review of Calauta Solovyev amp; Witt, 2009 (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) with description of a new species from Korea.

The genus Calauta Solovyev Witt, 2009 is reviewed with four included species. It is critically compared to other similar genera in Limacodidae based on external and genital morphology. A new species, Calauta koreana sp. nov. is described from the Republic of Korea. A taxonomic transfer of Aphendala notoseusa Wu, 2020 to Calauta is proposed. A distributional range of C. obscura Solovyev, 2017 is expanded with new distributional data. A diagnostic key of all the congeners is given. Photographs of habitus and genitalia are provided for all four species of Calauta.

Two new species and two unrecorded species of Limacodidae (Lepidoptera, Zygaenoidea) from Xizang, China.

Two new species (Iragoidespeiwangi sp. nov. and Caelestomorphaserratus sp. nov.) and two newly recorded species [Euphlyctinaphaeopasta (Hampson, 1906) and Mummuaerata Solovyev & Witt, 2009] are reported from China. Of these, the genera Caelestomorpha Solovyev & Witt, 2009 and Mummu Solovyev & Witt, 2009 are new to China; the female of the genus Euphlyctina Hering, 1931 is illustrated and described in this paper for the first time.

Four new species and two newly recorded species of Limacodidae (Lepidoptera, Zygaenoidea) from China.

Four new species, Kitanolashilinensis sp. nov., K.eleganta sp. nov., Fignyaravalba sp. nov., and Euphlyctinidespseudolaika sp. nov., are described from southwestern China. Two species are reported new to China, Euphlyctinidisindi Solovyev, 2009 and Limacocerapachycera (Hampson, 1897). The adults and genitalia of all the treated species are illustrated. A checklist for the species belonging to the treated genera is provided.

Five new species of Limacodidae (Lepidoptera: Zygaenoidea) from South-East Asia.

The species Iragoides dudai sp. nov. from China (Sichuan), Euphlyctina butvilai sp. nov. from China (Zhejiang and Yunnan), Sansarea alenae sp. nov. from China (Yunnan), Narosoideus witti sp. nov. from China (Sichuan, Yunnan, Shaanxi, and Jiangxi), Griseothosea mousta sp. nov. from China (Yunnan), Thailand (Chiang Mai, Nan and Chiang Dao), and Laos (Luang Namtha and Luang Prabang) are described as new to science. The taxonomical status of dark and pale forms of Iragoides crispa (Swinhoe, 1890) is discussed.

Two new species of the genus Pseudidonauton Hering, 1931 from China (Lepidoptera, Limacodidae).

Two new species of the genus Pseudidonauton Hering (Lepidoptera, Limacodidae), P.sinensis sp. nov. and P.puera sp. nov., are described from China. The new species are illustrated with images of the adults and male genitalia, and compared with similar species. Distribution maps of these species and a key to all known species of the genus are provided.

A new species of the genus Thespea Solovyev and four newly recorded species of Limacodidae from India (Lepidoptera: Zygaenoidea).

Thespea aka, sp. nov., is described as new from Arunachal Pradesh, India. Additionally, four species are recorded for the first time from India: Melinaria pseudorepanda kalawensis (Orhant, 2000) and Parasa julikatis Solovyev Witt, 2009, recorded in Arunachal Pradesh, and Thosea lutea Heylaerts, 1890 and Mambarona congrua (Walker, 1862), recorded in Great Nicobar Island. Diagnosis and distribution are provided for all taxa listed and the males and their genitalia are illustrated.

A new species of the genus Polyphena Solovyev, 2014 (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) from China.

Polyphena chongzuoensis sp. nov. is described from China, as the twelfth species of Polyphena Solovyev, 2014. This new species is morphologically similar to P. bana (Cai, 1983), but differs in male genitalia from the latter by short spurs of anellus and aedeagus without obvious apical processes. Male adult and its genitalia are illustrated. The new species is supported molecularly by the analysis of pairwise genetic distances from a 658 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene, with the minimum distance value of 6.4% from its allied species P. annae.

A new species of Canon Solovyev, 2014 (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) from Thailand.

Canon Solovyev is a small genus belonging to the Parasa-complex of Limacacodidae. It is distributed from northern India to the Malayan Peninsula. The genus previously included two species: C. punica (Herrich-Schäffer) from the Indian region and C. eos Solovyev from Nepal. Canon punica is recorded from China (Yunnan), northern Thailand and Malaysia, but specimens from northern Thailand and probably those from China (Yunnan) represent a new species that is described herein: C. sripanae Pellinen and Solovyev, new species. Externally, C. sripanae is similar to other Canon species, but it differs from punica and eos in hindwing color and male genitalia. The moths studied were collected at UV and mixed lights. Genitalia of the male holotype and a male and female paratypes are figured. Nomenclature of this study is based on Solovyev (2014).

A Computational, Tissue-Realistic Model of Pressure Ulcer Formation in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury.

People with spinal cord injury (SCI) are predisposed to pressure ulcers (PU). PU remain a significant burden in cost of care and quality of life despite improved mechanistic understanding and advanced interventions. An agent-based model (ABM) of ischemia/reperfusion-induced inflammation and PU (the PUABM) was created, calibrated to serial images of post-SCI PU, and used to investigate potential treatments in silico. Tissue-level features of the PUABM recapitulated visual patterns of ulcer formation in individuals with SCI. These morphological features, along with simulated cell counts and mediator concentrations, suggested that the influence of inflammatory dynamics caused simulations to be committed to "better" vs. "worse" outcomes by 4 days of simulated time and prior to ulcer formation. Sensitivity analysis of model parameters suggested that increasing oxygen availability would reduce PU incidence. Using the PUABM, in silico trials of anti-inflammatory treatments such as corticosteroids and a neutralizing antibody targeted at Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern molecules (DAMPs) suggested that, at best, early application at a sufficiently high dose could attenuate local inflammation and reduce pressure-associated tissue damage, but could not reduce PU incidence. The PUABM thus shows promise as an adjunct for mechanistic understanding, diagnosis, and design of therapies in the setting of PU.

Pseudohampsonella: a new genus of Limacodidae (Lepidoptera: Zygaenoidea) from China, and three new species.

A new genus, Pseudohampsonella gen. n. (typespecies: Pseudohampsonella erlanga Solovyev & Saldaitis), and three new species, Pseudohampsonella erlanga sp. n. Solovyev & Saldaitis (from Sichuan Province, China), Pseudohampsonella hoenei sp. n. Solovyev & Saldaitis (Yunnan Province, China), and Pseudohampsonella argenta sp. n. Solovyev & Saldaitis (Yunnan Province, China) are described. The taxonomic position of the genus is discussed.

A Multiscale Agent-Based in silico Model of Liver Fibrosis Progression.

Chronic hepatic inflammation involves a complex interplay of inflammatory and mechanical influences, ultimately manifesting in a characteristic histopathology of liver fibrosis. We created an agent-based model (ABM) of liver tissue in order to computationally examine the consequence of liver inflammation. Our liver fibrosis ABM (LFABM) is comprised of literature-derived rules describing molecular and histopathological aspects of inflammation and fibrosis in a section of chemically injured liver. Hepatocytes are modeled as agents within hexagonal lobules. Injury triggers an inflammatory reaction, which leads to activation of local Kupffer cells and recruitment of monocytes from circulation. Portal fibroblasts and hepatic stellate cells are activated locally by the products of inflammation. The various agents in the simulation are regulated by above-threshold concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and damage-associated molecular pattern molecules. The simulation progresses from chronic inflammation to collagen deposition, exhibiting periportal fibrosis followed by bridging fibrosis, and culminating in disruption of the regular lobular structure. The ABM exhibited key histopathological features observed in liver sections from rats treated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). An in silico "tension test" for the hepatic lobules predicted an overall increase in tissue stiffness, in line with clinical elastography literature and published studies in CCl4-treated rats. Therapy simulations suggested differential anti-fibrotic effects of neutralizing tumor necrosis factor alpha vs. enhancing M2 Kupffer cells. We conclude that a computational model of liver inflammation on a structural skeleton of physical forces can recapitulate key histopathological and macroscopic properties of CCl4-injured liver. This multiscale approach linking molecular and chemomechanical stimuli enables a model that could be used to gain translationally relevant insights into liver fibrosis.

Hybrid equation/agent-based model of ischemia-induced hyperemia and pressure ulcer formation predicts greater propensity to ulcerate in subjects with spinal cord injury.

Pressure ulcers are costly and life-threatening complications for people with spinal cord injury (SCI). People with SCI also exhibit differential blood flow properties in non-ulcerated skin. We hypothesized that a computer simulation of the pressure ulcer formation process, informed by data regarding skin blood flow and reactive hyperemia in response to pressure, could provide insights into the pathogenesis and effective treatment of post-SCI pressure ulcers. Agent-Based Models (ABM) are useful in settings such as pressure ulcers, in which spatial realism is important. Ordinary Differential Equation-based (ODE) models are useful when modeling physiological phenomena such as reactive hyperemia. Accordingly, we constructed a hybrid model that combines ODEs related to blood flow along with an ABM of skin injury, inflammation, and ulcer formation. The relationship between pressure and the course of ulcer formation, as well as several other important characteristic patterns of pressure ulcer formation, was demonstrated in this model. The ODE portion of this model was calibrated to data related to blood flow following experimental pressure responses in non-injured human subjects or to data from people with SCI. This model predicted a higher propensity to form ulcers in response to pressure in people with SCI vs. non-injured control subjects, and thus may serve as novel diagnostic platform for post-SCI ulcer formation.