Current Downhole Corrosion Control Solutions and Trends in the Oil and Gas Industry: A Review.

In the oil and gas industry, the presence of aggressive fluids and gases can cause serious corrosion problems. Multiple solutions have been introduced to the industry to minimize corrosion occurrence probability in recent years. They include cathodic protection, utilization of advanced metallic grades, injection of corrosion inhibitors, replacement of the metal parts with composite solutions, and deposition of protective coatings. This paper will review the advances and developments in the design of corrosion protection solutions. The publication highlights crucial challenges in the oil and gas industry to be solved upon the development of corrosion protection methods. According to the stated challenges, existing protective systems are summarized with emphasis on the features that are essential for oil and gas production. Qualification of corrosion protection performance based on international industrial standards will be depicted in detail for each type of corrosion protection system. Forthcoming challenges for the engineering of next-generation materials for corrosion mitigation are discussed to highlight the trends and forecasts of emerging technology development. We will also discuss the advances in nanomaterial and smart material development, enhanced ecological regulations, and applications of complex multifunctional solutions for corrosion mitigation which have become of great importance in recent decades.

Reticular Chemistry for the Construction of Highly Porous Aluminum-Based nia-Metal-Organic Frameworks.

Edge-transitive nets are regarded as appropriate blueprints for the practice of reticular chemistry, and in particular, for the rational design and synthesis of functional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Among edge-transitive nets, type I edge-transitive nets have unique coordination figures, offering only one edge-transitive target for their associated expressed net-cBUs. Here, we report the reticulation of the binodal edge-transitive (6, 6)-c nia net in MOF chemistry, namely, the deliberate assembly of trinuclear aluminum clusters and 6-connected hexacarboxylate ligands into highly porous nia-MOFs. Further studies reveal that Al-nia-MOF-1 shows promising attributes as a storage media for oxygen (O2) at high-pressure adsorption studies.

Dissociative Electron Attachment to 2,3,6,7,10,11-Hexabromotriphenylene.

2,3,6,7,10,11-Hexabromotriphenylene (HBTP) and 2,3,6,7,10-pentabromotriphenylene (PBTP) were investigated by means of dissociative electron attachment spectroscopy (DEAS). The dominant decay channel of the transient molecular negative ions consists of elimination of Br- with resonances in the low electron energy region. Formation of long-lived parent anions with autodetachment lifetime τa = 310 µs is observed at thermal electron energies. The adiabatic electron affinities, EAa = 1.12 ± 0.1 eV in HBTP and 1.09 ± 0.1 eV in PBTP, evaluated using a simple Arrhenius approach are in good agreement with those predicted by DFT (XYG3/Def2-TZVPP//PBE0/Def2-TZVPP) calculations.

MOF Crystal Chemistry Paving the Way to Gas Storage Needs: Aluminum-Based soc-MOF for CH4, O2, and CO2 Storage.

The molecular building block approach was employed effectively to construct a series of novel isoreticular, highly porous and stable, aluminum-based metal-organic frameworks with soc topology. From this platform, three compounds were experimentally isolated and fully characterized: namely, the parent Al-soc-MOF-1 and its naphthalene and anthracene analogues. Al-soc-MOF-1 exhibits outstanding gravimetric methane uptake (total and working capacity). It is shown experimentally, for the first time, that the Al-soc-MOF platform can address the challenging Department of Energy dual target of 0.5 g/g (gravimetric) and 264 cm(3) (STP)/cm(3) (volumetric) methane storage. Furthermore, Al-soc-MOF exhibited the highest total gravimetric and volumetric uptake for carbon dioxide and the utmost total and deliverable uptake for oxygen at relatively high pressures among all microporous MOFs. In order to correlate the MOF pore structure and functionality to the gas storage properties, to better understand the structure-property relationship, we performed a molecular simulation study and evaluated the methane storage performance of the Al-soc-MOF platform using diverse organic linkers. It was found that shortening the parent Al-soc-MOF-1 linker resulted in a noticeable enhancement in the working volumetric capacity at specific temperatures and pressures with amply conserved gravimetric uptake/working capacity. In contrast, further expansion of the organic linker (branches and/or core) led to isostructural Al-soc-MOFs with enhanced gravimetric uptake but noticeably lower volumetric capacity. The collective experimental and simulation studies indicated that the parent Al-soc-MOF-1 exhibits the best compromise between the volumetric and gravimetric total and working uptakes under a wide range of pressure and temperature conditions.

Cooperative catalysis with block copolymer micelles: a combinatorial approach.

A rapid approach to identifying complementary catalytic groups using combinations of functional polymers is presented. Amphiphilic polymers with "clickable" hydrophobic blocks were used to create a library of functional polymers, each bearing a single functionality. The polymers were combined in water, yielding mixed micelles. As the functional groups were colocalized in the hydrophobic microphase, they could act cooperatively, giving rise to new modes of catalysis. The multipolymer "clumps" were screened for catalytic activity, both in the presence and absence of metal ions. A number of catalyst candidates were identified across a wide range of model reaction types. One of the catalytic systems discovered was used to perform a number of preparative-scale syntheses. Our approach provides easy access to a range of enzyme-inspired cooperative catalysts.

One-pot synthesis of Au@SiO(2) catalysts: a click chemistry approach.

Using the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition "click" reaction, a library of triazole amphiphiles with a variety of functional polar "heads" and hydrophobic or superhydrophobic "tails" was synthesized. The amphiphiles were evaluated for their ability to stabilize small Au nanoparticles, and, at the same time, serve as templates for nanocasting porous SiO2. One of the Au@SiO2 materials thus prepared was found to be a highly active catalyst for the Au nanoparticle-catalyzed regioselective hydroamination of alkynes.