[Clinical and pathological analysis of 41 cases of acute leukemia combined with intracranial hemorrhage].

This study was aimed to summarize the clinical and pathological features of patients with acute leukemia combined with intracranial hemorrhage. The clinical and pathological data of 41 adult patients diagnosed as acute leukemia in our hospital from 1953 to 1990 year were analyzed retrospectively. The results showed that there were 35 cases of AML, 6 cases of ALL; 9 cases in clinical hematologic remission, 32 cases in non-remission, 3 cases of AL with hypertension, 2 cases of AL with diabetes, 4 cases of AL with sepsis, 19 cases with WBC ≥ 100×10(9)/L; the pathologic examination showed 4 cases of AL accompanied with disseminated intravascular coagulation, 10 cases with prothrombin time INR ≥ 1.5, 26 cases with multifocal intracranial hemorrhage, 7 cases with single intracranial hemorrhage, 8 cases with diffused spotting intracranial hemorrhage; the examination also showed that 84 hemorrhage foci were found in 41 cases of AL, among them 46 foci located under cerebral cortex, 23 foci in cerebellum, 6 in basal ganglia, 5 foci in pons, 2 foci in thalamus, 2 foci in spinal cord. It is concluded that the intracranial hemorrhage is a major cause resulting in death of AL patients which should be think highly, and the diagnosis and treatment should be conducted through comprehensive analysis.

[Relation of lymphatic microvessel density detected by monoclonal antibody D2-40 with VEGF-C expression in breast cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship of lymphatic micovessel density (LMVD) detected by monoclonal antibody D2-40) with the VEGF-C expression in human breast cancer. METHODS: Tissue samples of 102 breast cancers, 25 breast fibroadenomas and 10 normal breasts were collected. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detected the lymphatic micovessels with monoclonal antibody D2-40. The expression of VEGF-C was detect by SP immunohistochemistry, and VEGF-C mRNA by hybridization in situ. RESULTS: In 102 breast cancers, the positive rate of D2-40 was 76.5% (78/102), higher than that in the breast fibroadenomas. LMVD in the periphery of breast cancer was 30.1 lymphatic microvessels per x 100 field of vision, which was significantly higher than that in the central area of the tumors (P = 0.000). The LMVD in the periphery of the breast cancers was correlated with the number of metastatic lymph nodes (r = 0.964, P < 0.01). The positive rates of VEGF-C protein and mRNA were 55.9% (57/102) and 59.8% (61/102), respectively, significantly higher than that in the breast fiberoadenomas and normal breast tissues (chi2 = 11.653, P = 0.003; chi2 = 10.345, P = 0.006), and were significantly correlated with the status of lymph node metastasis, clinical stage and the expressions of c-erbB-2 and p53 protein (P < 0.05). Both of VEGF-C protein and mRNA were significantly correlated with LMVD detected by D2-40 (P < 0.05), especially with the LMVD in the periphery of breast cancers (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The monoclonal antibody D240 can be used to detect the lymphatic endothelium in human breast cancer. The lymphatic microvessel density in the periphery of breast cancer is correlated with the lymph node metastasis and expression of VEGF-C. Therefore, VEGF-C may play a significant role in the lymphangiogenesis leading to metastasis of breast cancer.

[Viability of corneal epithelial cells and cleavage of corneal basement after ethanol effect].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the viability of corneal epithelial cells and to determine the anatomic cleavage on the epithelial basement membrane after various exposure times to 20% ethanol during epithelial flap preparation in laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy (LASEK) in cadaver eyes. METHODS: Six human cadaver eyes were exposed to 20% ethanol for 20, 30 and 40 seconds (2 eyes for each group), and another one eye was used as the control. PCNA staining was performed to determine the viability of corneal epithelial cells. Immunofluorescence staining using monoclonal antibodies against collagen VII, and immunohistological staining using monoclonal antibodies against laminin were performed to detect the anatomic location of the cleavage plane on the corneal epithelial flaps created by 20 seconds exposure to 20% ethanol in cadaver eyes. RESULTS: Hematoxylin and eosin staining of epithelial flaps revealed a coherent stratified epithelium. The PCNA positive rates of the epithelial cells in the flap decreased in the 20-second group, 30-second group and 40-second group successively. Immunohistological staining to laminin was patchy in the lifted flap and the remaining corneal basement membrane. Immunofluorescence to collagen VII, the main component of anchoring fibrils remained exclusively in the corneal bed. CONCLUSIONS: Viability of the epithelial flap decreased with longer time exposure to ethanol. The cleavage plane of the ethanol-treated corneal epithelial flap is located between the lamina lucida and the lamina densa of the basement membrane where laminin forms hemidesmosome.

Expression of p27(kip1), Rb protein and proliferating cell nuclear antigen and its relationship with clinicopathology in human pancreatic cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of inhibiting factor of cell cycle regulation p27(kip1), retinoblastinoma protein (Rb protein), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) on the genesis and progression of human pancreatic cancer. METHODS: The expression of p27(kip1), Rb protein and PCNA in the tumor tissue and adjacent tissue of 32 patients with pancreatic cancer was detected by SP immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS: The p27(kip1) protein positive-expression rate in the tumor tissue of pancreatic cancer was 56.25%, which was lower than that in the adjacent pancreatic tissue (P<0.05). p27(kip1) protein positive-expression was correlated significantly with tumor cell differentiation and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The Rb gene protein positive-expression rate in the tumor tissue was 50%, which was also lower than that in the adjacent pancreatic tissue (P<0.05). The PCNA positive-expression rate was 71.87%, which was higher than that in the adjacent pancreatic tissue (P<0.05). PCNA positive-expression was also correlated significantly with tumor cell differentiation and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The decreased expression of p27(kip1), Rb protein and over-expression of PCNA may play an important role in the genesis and progression of pancreatic cancer.

[Relationship between expression of p57(kip2), cyclin E protein, PCNA, and clinicopathological factors in human pancreatic cancer].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: The abnormality of mammalian cell cycle regulation is an important cause of cell over-proliferation and oncogenesis. There were few reports about the relationship between p57(kip2) protein as negative factor of cell cycle regulation and pancreatic cancer. This article aims to investigate the effects of p57(kip2), cyclin E and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein on the occurrence and progression of pancreatic cancer. METHODS: Expression of p57(kip2), cyclin E, and PCNA in tumor tissue and adjacent tissue from 32 patients with pancreatic cancer were detected using SP immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS: The positive-expression rate of p57(kip2) protein in tumor tissue of pancreatic cancer was 46.9%, which was lower than that in adjacent pancreatic tissue (75.0%) (Chi(2)=5.317, P< 0.05); p57(kip2) protein positive-expression was remarkably correlated with tumor cell differentiation (P< 0.05), but was not correlated with lymph node metastasis (P >0.05). The positive-expression rate of cyclin E in tumor tissues was 68.8%, which was higher than that in adjacent pancreatic tissue (43.8%) (Chi(2)=4.063,P< 0.05); Cyclin E positive-expression was remarkably correlated with tumor cell differentiation and lymph node metastasis (P< 0.05). The positive-expression rate of PCNA protein in tumor tissues was 71.9%, which was higher than that in adjacent pancreatic tissue (43.8%) (Chi(2)=5.189,P< 0.05); PCNA positive- expression was remarkably correlated with tumor cell differentiation and lymph node metastasis(P< 0.05). CONCLUSION: The decreased expression of p57(kip2) protein and over-expression of cyclin E and PCNA proteins may significantly related to genesis and progress of pancreatic cancer.

Expression of p57kip2, Rb protein and PCNA and their relationships with clinicopathology in human pancreatic cancer.

AIM: To investigate the effects of inhibiting factor of cell cycle regulation p57(kip2), retinoblastinoma protein (Rb protein) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the genesis and progression of human pancreatic cancer. METHODS: The expression of p57(kip2), Rb protein and PCNA in tumor tissues and adjacent tissues of 32 patients with pancreatic cancer was detected with SP immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS: p57(kip2) protein positive-expression rate in tumor tissues of pancreatic cancer was 46.9 %, which was lower than that in adjacent pancreatic tissues (75.0 %) (chi(2)=5.317, P<0.05), p57(kip2) protein positive-expression correlated significantly with tumor cell differentiation (well-differentiation versus moderate or low-differentiation, P<0.05) but did not correlate significantly with lymph node metastasis (lymph node metastasis versus non-lymph node metastasis, P>0.05); Rb gene protein positive-expression rate in tumor tissues was 50.0 %, which was also lower than that in adjacent pancreatic tissues (78.1 %) (chi(2)=5.497, P<0.05); PCNA positive-expression rate was 71.9 %, being higher than that in adjacent pancreatic tissues (43.8 %) (chi(2)=5.189, P<0.05), PCNA positive-expression also correlated significantly with tumor cell differentiation and lymph node metastasis (well-differentiation versus moderate or low- differentiation, lymph node metastasis versus non-lymph node metastasis, P<0.05). Rb protein positive-expression rate in the tumor tissues of p57(kip2) protein positive-expression group was 53.3 %; and Rb protein positive-expression rate in the tumor tissues of p57(kip2) protein negative-expression group was 47.1 %. There was no significant relationship between the two groups (r=0.16507, P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The decreased expression of p57(kip2), Rb protein or over-expression of PCNA protein might contribute to the genesis or progression of pancreatic cancer, p57(kip2), Rb protein and PCNA may play an important role in genesis and progression of pancreatic cancer.